Ancient Ghana and Mali

Abū Abu Bakr Africa Akan al-'Umari al-Bakri al-Fattāsh al-Idrisi al-Sa'di al-Sudān Almoravids Arabic Askiyā Muḥammad authority Awdaghust Bambuk became Berbers Cairo capital of Mali caravans centre chief chiefdoms conquest desert dinārs dynasty Dyula empire of Mali Fernandes 1938 fifteenth century fourteenth century Fulbe Gambia gold goldfields ibid Ibn Abi Zar Ibn Baṭṭūṭa 1922 Ibn Ḥawqal Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldun 1847 ibn Umar Ifriqiya Islam Jenne Juddāla Keita king of Mali kingdom kingship Lamtūna Leo Africanus Leo Africanus 1956 Levtzion Maghrib Malinke Manding Conference Mansa Mansā Mūsā Mārī-Djāța Massina Mauny Mema Monteil Moroccan Morocco mosque Mosto Muslim Niane Niani Niger nomads oral traditions pilgrimage political Portuguese qāḍī raided region reign route rule rulers Sahara Sahel salt Sanhaja Senegal Sijilmāsa slaves Songhay Soninke Sonni Sonni Ali Soso Sudan Sudanese Sulayman Sultan Sundjata Ta'rikh Tadmekka Taghaza Takedda Takrur Timbuktu town trans-Saharan trade Tuaregs ulama Wagadu Walata Wangara Western Sudan Zanāta