Computers and the Environment: Understanding and Managing their Impacts: Understanding and Managing Their ImpactsR. Kuehr, Eric Williams Springer Science & Business Media, 31. 10. 2003 - Počet stran: 285 Personal computers have made life convenient in many ways, but what about their impacts on the environment due to production, use and disposal? Manufacturing computers requires prodigious quantities of fossil fuels, toxic chemicals and water. Rapid improvements in performance mean we often buy a new machine every 1-3 years, which adds up to mountains of waste computers. How should societies respond to manage these environmental impacts? This volume addresses the environmental impacts and management of computers through a set of analyses on issues ranging from environmental assessment, technologies for recycling, consumer behaviour, strategies of computer manufacturing firms, and government policies. One conclusion is that extending the lifespan of computers (e.g. through reselling) is an environmentally and economically effective strategy that deserves more attention from governments, firms and the general public. |
Obsah
Computers and the EnvironmentAn Introduction | 1 |
Information Technology Products and the Environment | 17 |
Environmental Impacts in the Production of Personal | 41 |
How the European Unions WEEE Directive Will Change | 73 |
IBMs Environmental Management of Product Aspects | 87 |
Computers | 99 |
Energy Consumption and Personal Computers | 131 |
Disposal | 161 |
Strategizing the Endoflife Handling of Personal | 183 |
Todays Markets for Used PCsAnd Ways to Enhance | 197 |
Recycling Personal Computers | 211 |
Operations of a Computer Equipment Resource Recovery | 231 |
Review and Ways | 253 |
Contributors | 279 |
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AMRO appliances brominated flame retardants cathode ray tube Chapter chemicals circuit boards companies Compaq components computers and monitors consumers costs customers cycle assessment demanufacturing desktop computer disassembly disposal eco-labels economic electrical and electronic electronic equipment electronic products electronic waste emissions end-of-life energy consumption energy efficiency Energy Star environment environmental impacts environmental management system environmental protection environmentally friendly estimated European Union facility Figure fossil fuels Fujitsu Siemens Computers Germany glass global Green hazardous substances hazardous waste implementation increase industry Internet Japan kilograms Koomey label landfills laptops lead lifespan logistics machines manufacturers metals million mode Nordman Norford obsolete office equipment operations options percent personal computers plastic potential power consumption power management printed circuit boards purchase re-use recovery reduce requirements reselling sector semiconductor solder standard suppliers supply chain switched take-back United Nations University upgrading users WEEE