The Formation of Kazakh Identity: From Tribe to Nation-state

Abylkhozhin Akmola Alash Alma-Ata Almaty areas Asian became began Big Horde borders boundaries campaign Caspian Sea cent Central Asia centres clan clan-tribal system collectivization constituted Dzhungars economic empire established ethnic European European/Russian example foreign FORMATION OF KAZAKH Former Soviet South independent Islam Istoriya Karaganda KASSR Kazakh culture Kazakh history Kazakh hordes Kazakh Khanate Kazakh lands Kazakh language Kazakh national Kazakh population Kazakh society Kazakhstan khans Kostanai Kzyl-Orda Lake Balkhash language large number literacy Little Horde major Middle Horde million movement Muslim national identity nationalist neighbours nineteenth century nomad Nursultan Nazarbayev official Orenburg Party past political popular post-Soviet President Nazarbayev PROVINCE region sedentary Semipalatinsk sense Slav social Soviet period Soviet republics Soviet rule Soviet Union steppe Suleimenov symbols Syr Darya Tashkent Tatar territory tion titular traditional Transoxiana trends tribal tribes Tsarist Turgai Turkestan Turkic Uzbekistan Uzbeks Valikhanov yurt