(b) It is desirable that employment should be provided for all; and therefore, when the work available is insufficient to employ fully those who are willing to labour, the hours of work should be shortened.

(c) His vanity is apparent from his fondness for flattery; for every vain man listens eagerly to

the voice of the flatterer.

(d) The desire for popularity leads to the adoption of liberal opinions. May we conclude, therefore, that among those who do not desire popularity are some who have not adopted liberal opinions?

9. In a certain examination, all candidates taking Latin also took Greek, and those taking mathematics took also natural philosophy. No candidate in natural philosophy took Latin, nor did any candidate entered for Greek take natural philosophy. What, on these premisses, can be asserted (1) of those taking Greek, and (2) of those taking mathematics? Work this question by Jevons's Indirect Method.

INDUCTIVE LOGIC.

The Board of Examiners.

1. How would you seek to establish the utility of Inductive Logic?

2. Examine Mill's treatment of Relations, showing how this affects his enumeration of Nameable Things.

3. The syllogism is "not the type of reasoning, but a test of it." Explain Mill's position here.

4. Consider fully the importance to be attached to induction per enumerationem simplicem as a method of proof.

5. Investigate the claims which have been made on behalf of the Methods of Agreement and of Difference, that they enable us to single out, from among the circumstances which precede a phenomenon, those with which it is connected by an invariable law.

6. Are we entitled to assert that every modification of a cause involves a change in the effect? Is this assumption made in any of the Methods of Experimental Inquiry as stated by Mill?

7. Show in detail the connection between the Deductive Method and the Explanation of Laws of Nature.

8. Mention different kinds of empirical laws, giving examples of each. Consider the degree of reliance which may justifiably be placed in each kind of empirical law.

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.-(2ND YEAR.)

The Board of Examiners.

1. By what methods may the human mind be studied? Show that each method has its characteristic difficulties.

2. What are the general characteristics of mental development? Summarise the process of development of the human intellect.

3. Define perception, and examine the relation of visual to tactual perception.

4. May a concept be properly described as a "typical or generic image?" Give your reasons.

5. Examine the position taken up by Kant in his Transcendental Esthetic, that we know not things in themselves, but appearances only.

6. Explain precisely the function of the Categories, as conceived by Kant, among the elements of our knowledge.

7. Explain the importance attached by Kant to the synthetic unity of apperception.

8. "Ultimate scientific ideas, then, are all representative of realities that cannot be comprehended." On what grounds is this statement made by Spencer? Can it be substantiated?

9. Consider, critically, Spencer's definition of Philosophy as completely-unified knowledge.

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.-(3rd Year.)

The Board of Examiners.

1. Mention reasons which have been given against regarding Psychology as a branch of Physiology.

2. State the arguments for and against the existence of unconscious mental phenomena.

3. Explain the distinction which has been drawn between Passive and Active Imagination.

4. Consider Berkeley's arguments in favour of his Idealism based on the relativity of extension, motion, and number.

5. How does Berkeley apply his doctrine of Idealism to the question of Immortality?

6. Examine, critically, Kant's treatment of his First Analogy of Experience.

7. What solution is offered by Kant, in the Critique of Pure Reason, of the "Psychological Paralogism?"

8. Compare Spencer's doctrine of the Unknowable with the theory of the Unconditioned held by Hamilton and Mansel, mentioning any points (1) in which he agrees with these thinkers, and (2) in which he differs from them.

9. Examine Spencer's argument, drawn from the "Dynamics of Consciousness," in favour of the "assertion of objective existence."

MORAL PHILOSOPHY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. What answers were given by Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle respectively, to the question-Can Virtue be taught?

2. Examine the reasons given (a) by Aristotle, (b) by Mill, for the statement that pleasures differ in kind.

3. Describe the nature of the Stoic apathy.

4. Point out the distinctive features of Christian Ethics, as compared with the schools of morality which preceded it.

5. State fully the grounds on which Butler maintained that "there is a natural principle of benevolence in man."

6. Reproduce, with any comments, Kant's classification of all principles of morality which can be founded on the conception of heteronomy.

7. On what grounds has it been held that, to attain the greatest pleasure, we must not make personal pleasure our aim? Is this consistent (a) with psychological hedonism, (b) with egoistic hedonism as a theory of ethics?