7. "Whenever the nature of the subject permits our reasoning processes to be, without danger, carried on mechanically, the language should be constructed on as mechanical principles as possible; while in the contrary case, it should be so constructed that there shall be the greatest possible obstacles to a merely mechanical use of it." Explain, and illustrate, this statement.

MENTAL PATHOLOGY, MENTAL THERAPEU TICS, AND MENTAL HYGIENE.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Give a short description of the forms of insanity that may exist without delusions, hallucinations, or illusions, excluding imbecility, idiocy, and cretinism.

2. Describe fully general paralysis of the insane, with the post mortem appearances.

3. Contrast puerperal with lactational insanity, and their treatment.

4. Describe the different forms of insanity with stupor.

5. Mention all the means it may be necessary to adopt to prevent masturbation.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Discuss the points which would go to determine your prognosis in a case of typhoid fever.

2. Detail the points, both in respect of history and symptoms, in the diagnosis of granular kidney.

3. Describe the causes and treatment of sciatica, pointing out in detail the conditions from which it must be discriminated.

MEDICINE.

The Board of Examiners.

CASES FOR COMMENTARY.

1. A. B., a strong healthy man, 30 years of age, was, on 1st November, stabbed in several places about the left shoulder and chest. During the next ten days he was up and about, but complained of a pain in his left side on taking a deep breath. On the morning of 11th November, on attempting to get out of bed, he fainted, his breathing became short, and he suffered a "cutting" pain in the left side. On 15th November he was admitted into the hospital. At this time the dyspnoea was very marked; he could not lie down, and he became cyanotic on any exertion or movement in bed. The temperature was normal; pulse 90,

regular, and rather feeble. On examination the chest is seen to move freely on the right side, but not so on the left. The apex beat of the heart cannot be found in its usual position, but it can be felt within half an inch inside and below the right nipple. The intercostal spaces on the left side are obliterated. Over the whole of the left side no vocal fremitus is felt, the percussion note is uniformly dull, and no breath sounds are heard. Over the right side the percussion note is good, and the breath sounds are everywhere heard, rather exaggerated in character, but otherwise normal. An exploratory trocar was introduced in left axillary region, and fluid of a dark-red colour was removed.

Comment on this case, in respect of exact diagnosis and treatment, noting also any medicolegal question which might arise in connection. with possible termination of the case.

2. C. D., ætat 30, sailor, states that he was quite well until 14 days before he came under observation. At that time he was working on board ship, and was exposed for the greater part of the day in rough weather, and got wet through. To keep warm he stood alongside the steamer's funnel for some time, but eventually turned into bed. Next morning he discovered that his right arm and leg were almost powerless. He does not think that he lost consciousness. On examination, there was paresis of the right arm and leg, sensation was perfect, the patellar reflex was increased on the right side, there was no ankle clonus. Tendon reflexes of right arm were exaggerated. The tongue on being protruded deviated to the right side, and there was some

slight loss of power in muscles of right side of face. There appeared to be no muscular wasting. Pupils were equal and reacted to light. No history of syphilis or rheumatism. Heartapex beat is displaced a little downwards and outwards; a short, rough, systolic bruit can be heard in aortic area, conducted slightly upwards. Lungs normal. Urine-Colour pale amber, re-action neutral, sp. gr. 1010, no albumen.

Comment on above case, giving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Describe and comment on the phenomena exhibited by a frog exposed to stimuli suitable to elucidate the functions of its nervous system, (a) when the animal is deprived of its cerebral hemispheres only, (b) when it possesses a spinal cord only. Contrast the phenomena in the two conditions.

2. Give the evidence that has been brought forward to prove that certain areas of the cortex of the brain are "motor" in their functions, and others "sensory." Describe the "motor" areas in the human brain, illustrating your answer by diagrams.

3. Describe and comment on the condition known as Epileptic Automatism. What do you mean by Unconscious Cerebration? Illustrate your answer by examples.

4. Describe the condition known as Motor Aphasia. Where would you expect to find the lesion causing such a condition?

5. Describe the condition known as Hemiopia. In what part or parts of the cortex of the brain would you locate the "visual centre"?

OBSTETRICS AND DISEASES OF WOMEN
AND CHILDREN.

The Board of Examiners.

CASE FOR COMMENTARY.

In 1888 a woman is aged 38. She has had eight children, the last two years ago, and one abortion ten years ago. She says she was quite well up to her last confinement, since when she has been subject to pains round her back and lower abdomen. Five months ago lost blood for a month, and since then has been better and worse. The catamenia used to be thus: interval four weeks, duration three days, slight pain and moderate quantity. For the last few times the interval has been two to four weeks, the duration seven to twenty-eight days, with great pain and large quantity. She is weak and much thinner. The bowels are constipated, micturition is normal.