labor disputes arising between the class of employers and employees to which it applies.

By act of March 4, 1911, 36 Stat. 1397, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. 1912, p. 260, it is provided: "The President of the United States from and after the passage of this act is authorized to designate from time to time any member of the Interstate Commerce Commission to exercise the powers conferred and the duties imposed upon the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission by the provisions of the Act concerning carriers engaged in interstate commerce and their employees,' approved June first, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight; and the member so designated during the period for which he designated, shall have the powers now conferred by said act on the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission."

The Erdman Act was repealed by the more comprehensive act of July 15, 1913."

The labor provisions of Transportation Act 1920, post Appendix two, control now in determining wage questions arising between the parties named in that Act.

§ 334. Breaking Seals of Railroad Cars Containing Interstate or Foreign Shipments.-By act of Feb. 13, 1913, it was made a crime unlawfully to break the seal of any railroad car containing interstate or foreign shipments of freight or express, or to enter such car with intent to commit larceny therein, or to steal, unlawfully take, carry away or conceal goods or chattels moving as interstate freight, or to buy or receive such when unlawfully taken by another."

§ 334A. Transportation of Stolen Motor Vehicles Prohibited. -The National Motor Vehicle Theft Act, post, (Appendix

27. Act July 15, 1913, 38 Stat. 103, chap. 6, Fed. Stat. Ann. 1914 Supp. p. 244; Appendix L. Superseding Act Note 25, supra.

28. Act Feb. 13, 1913, 37 Stat. 670, chap. 50, Fed. Stat. Ann. 1914 Supp. 203, Comp. Stat. 1916, Vol. 8, Sections 8603, 8604. Appendix M. See also Train Robbery Act, July 1, 1902. 62 Stat. 727; chap. 1376;

Fed. Stat. Ann., Vol. 6, p. 758. A conviction under this statute sustained. Morris V. United States, 229 Fed. 516, 143 C. C. A. 584. The Act is constitutional. Friedman v. United States, 233 Fed. 429. Applies to transportation by express. Kambeitz V. United States, 262 Fed. 378,-C. C. A. -.

N), prohibits the transportation in interstate or foreign commerce of a motor vehicle knowing the same to have been stolen.

§ 334B. Child Labor Law.-The Congress by Act September 1, 1916 sought to prohibit the transportation in interstate commerce of certain goods mined or manufactured where children were employed. The statute was held unconstitusought to prevent the employment of children through the tional by the Supreme Court," and the Congress has now taxing power."

29. Act Sept. 1916, Chapter 432, Comp. Stat. 1916, sections 8819a to 8819e.

30. Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U. S. 251, 62 L. Ed. 1101, 38 Sup. Ct. 529, Ann. Cas. 1918E 724. See article by the present writer,

Case and Comment April 1917, page 906.

31. Act Feby. 24, 1919, C. 18, sections 1200 to 1207, Comp. Stat. Supp. 1919 Vol. 1, pages 1376 to 1378. The question of the validity of this statute is now pending in the courts.

CHAPTER IX.

ACTS REGULATING COMMERCE.

Including act approved February 4, 1887, chapter 104, effective April 5, 1887, 24 Stat. L. 379, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3154, 3 Fed. Stat. Ann. 809, et. seq. Known as the Cullom Act.

Amendment of March 2, 1889, 25 Stat. L. 855, Chap. 382, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3158, 3 Fed. Stat. Ann. 852, et. seq.

Amendment of February 10, 1891, Chapter 128, 26 Stat. L. 753, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3163, 3 Fed. Stat. Ann. 839.

Amendment of February 8, 1895, Chap. 61, 28 Stat. L. 643, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3171, 3 Fed. Stat. Ann. 851.

Act February 11, 1893, 27 Stat. L. 443, Chap. 83, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3173, 3 Fed. Stat. Ann. 855. Known as the Testimony Act. Act February 11, 1903, Chapter 544, 32 Stat. L. 823, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1907, 10 Fed. Stat. Ann. 199. Known as the Expediting

Act.

Act February 19, 1903, Chap. 708, 32 Stat. L. 847, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1907, p. 880, 10 Fed. Stat. Ann. 170. Known as the Elkins Act. Act February 25, 1903, Chap. 755, 32 Stat. L. 903, 10 Fed. Stat. Ann. 173, being section one of the Appropriation Act.

Act June 29, 1906, 34 Stat. L. 584, Chap. 3591, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1907, p. 892, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. 1907, p. 167. Known as the

Hepburn Act.

Act June 30, 1906, Chap. 3920, 34 Stat. L. 798, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1907, p. 900, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. 1907, p. 382.

Act of June 18, 1910, 36 Stat. L. 539, Chap. 309, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1911, p. 1288, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. 1912, pp. 111 to 127.

'Act Aug. 24, 1912, 37 Stat. L. 566, Chap. 390, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. 1914, p. 378. Known as Panama Canal Act.

Act Mch. 1, 1913, 37 Stat. L. 701, Chap. 92, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. 1914, p. 204.

Act Mch. 4, 1913, 37 Stat. L. 1013, Chap. 160, Fed. Stat. Ann. Supp. p. 226.

Act Oct. 22, 1913. Known as District Court Act.

Government Aided Railroad and Telegraph Lines Act.

Lake Erie and Ohio Ship Canal Act.

Parcel Post Act.

Witness Acts.

Transportation Act 1920; Act February 28, 1920.

Bill of Lading Act; Act August 29, 1916, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1916, Secs. 8604aaa to 8604w.

334a. Titles of Acts and Definitions.

335. Scope of Act to Regulate Commerce.

336. Not Applicable to Intrastate Transportation.

336a. Certain Water Transportation Exempted.

337. Term "Common Carrier," "Railroad," and "Transportation"

Defined.

338. Duty of Carrier to Furnish Transportation and to Establish Through Routes.

339. All Transportation Charges Must Be Reasonable.

341. 342.

340. Classification of Telegraph, Telephone and Cable Messages. Classifications, Regulations and Practices Must be Reasonable. Free Service with Certain Exceptions Prohibited and Penalties Prescribed.

342a. Excepting Cincinnati Southern Railway.

343. Railroad Companies Prohibited from Transporting Commodities in Which They Are Interested, with Certain Exceptions. 344. Terms under Which Switch Connections Shall Be Made. 344a. Car Service Defined.

344b. Duty of Carrier To Furnish Safe and Adequate Car Service. 344c. Duty of Carrier To Make Reasonable Distribution of Cars. 344d. Schedule of Car Service Must be Filed.

344e. Authority of Commission to Establish Car Service Rules. 344f. Authority of Commission to Require Joint Use of Terminals. 344g. Routing Regulations.

344h. Commission May Act by Agents-Penalties.

3441. Extension and Abandonment of Present Railroad Facilities. 344j. Procedure in Applying For Extension or Abandonments.

344k. Further Procedural Rules-Penalties.

3441. Commission May Require Extension of Facilities.

344m. Facilities Solely Within One State Exempted.

344n. Punishment For Obstructing Interstate or Foreign Commerce. 3440. Provisions Relating to Duties of Carriers During War.

345.

346.

Definition and Prohibition of Unjust Discrimination.

Undue and Unreasonable Preference Prohibited.

346a. Regulation of Collection of Transportation Charges.

347. Carriers Shall Accord Reasonable and Equal Facilities for Interchange of Traffic.

347a. Joint Use of Terminal Facilities May be Required.

348. Rule as to Long and Short Hauls.

349. Relief From Long and Short Haul Clause.

350. Changes Not Required Until Further Orders.

351.

Rates Reduced by Competition with Water Routes-Not Increased When.

352. Pooling of Freights and Division of Earnings Regulated. 352a. Consolidation of Carriers.

352b. Commission To Adopt A Plan.

352c. Notice of Plan To Be Given.

352d. Conditions Under Uhich Consolidations Must Be Made. 352e. Applications To Consolidate.

352f. Express Companies Consolidation.

352g. Anti-Trust Laws Not to Apply.

353. Rail Carrier Not to Own Competing Water Carriers.

354. Whether or Not Competition Exists to be Determined by the

355.

356.

357.

358. 359.

Commission.

Commission May Relieve from Provision.

Water Carriers to File Tariffs.

Violators of Sherman Anti-Trust Act Not to Use Panama
Canal.

Carriers Shall File, Print and Keep Public Schedules of Rates.
Regulations as to Printing and Posting Schedules of Rates for
Freight Moving Through Foreign Countries from and to
Any Place in the United States.

360. No Change of Schedules of Rates Shall Be Made Without Notice.

361. Names of All Carriers Parties to Schedules Must Be Specified. 362. Carriers Shall File Contracts Relating to Traffic Arangements. 363. Commission May Prescribe Form of Schedules. 364.

No Carrier Shall Participate in Interstate Commerce Unless the Charges Therefor are Published, and No Such Carrier Shall Deviate from the Published Schedules.

365. Preference and Precedence May Be Given Military Traffic in Time of War,

366.

367.

368.

369.

370.

The Commission May Reject Schedules.

Penalty for Failure to Comply with Orders under Section Six.
Penalty for Misstating or Failure to State Rate.

Must Post Name of Agent.

Corporations Violating the Act to Regulate Commerce Guilty as Individuals and Punishment Prescribed.

371. Rebate. Punishment for Offering, Granting, Soliciting, or Ac

372.

373.

374.

cepting.

Act of Officer or Agent, When Binding.

Carrier Filing or Participating in Rate Bound Thereby.
Forfeiture for Rebating in Addition to Penalties.

of Six Years Fixed.

Limitation

376.

377.

378.

379.

380.

381.

382.

Physical Connection Between Rail Lines and Dock of Water
Carriers.

Through Routes and Joint Rates Between Rail and Water
Carriers.

Proportional Rates to and from Ports.

Through Rates via Panama, Canal.

Conditions under Which Through Routes and Joint Rates with Water Carriers May Be Operated to Be Prescribed by the Commission.

Contracts and Combinations to Prevent Continuous Carriage of Freight Prohibited.

Damages and Attorneys' Fees Allowed for Violations.