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make the bond issue for it. Unfortunately, the political opponents of the present city government of Schenectady, which is Socialistic, resolved to make the plan a partisan issue, and on the night of December 9th, last, after a dramatic scene that will be long remembered, succeeded in blocking the issue by one vote an act bitterly resented by the whole body of Schenectady's citizens. A stirring narrative might be told of the deepened resolve of Schenectady to achieve its dream- as it will but it would be only one chapter in the narrative of the awakening of American cities to the necessity of fuller and worthier life.

Erie, a town which, but for neglect of its harbor, might have been to-day another Buffalo; Reading and Scranton, with the problem of their beginning industries and their meagre civic life; Roanoke, newly conscious of its shabbiness and of its great possibilities; San Diego, with scenic possibilities of the highest, until now utterly neglected; every one of these, with its particular needs and new ambitions, has its own aspect of interest.

Though it is Mr. Nolen who is devoting himself more exclusively than any one else to the advocacy of the idea and to the actual work of city planning, others, too, have wrought great things.

The city plan of Chicago, that design gigantic in its daring, made by Burnham

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and Bennett was the subject of an article in this magazine three years ago. Cleveland has begun a great work of civic improvement with the creation of a civic centre, for which the land has been acquired, a Federal building and court-house erected, and a city hall begun.

Baltimore had for three years a city plan commission, advised by Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted and Carrére & Hastings. Hartford, the American city which first distinguished itself by the acquisition of a worthy park, was the first to provide

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WHEN IT HAS DEGENERATED (AS ALL GROWING TOWNS DEGENERATE UNLESS CONSCIOUS EFFORTS ARE MADE TO PREVENT IT) INTO AN UGLY AND INCONVENIENTLY ARRANGED JUMBLE OF JARRING ARCH

ITECTURAL STYLES AND OF NO STYLES AT ALL

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itself with a city plan commission. Carrére & Hastings prepared a comprehensive scheme of improvement, of which the monumental bridge shown on the opposite page is one of the first fruits.

Seattle has a commission which with Mr. Virgil G. Bogue as its expert, has provided an elaborate city plan contemplating a civic centre, the improvement of the harbor, the creation of a park system, the opening of arterial streets, and in general provision for the city's traffic and transit. By law, the commission's plan, when accepted by the people, is to become the official plan of Seattle, and every improvement is to follow it.

Kansas City, having developed an enviable park and boulevard system at a cost of 10 millions, is moving toward other improvements according to a well considered plan.

St. Louis has created a city plan com

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MR. JOHN NOLEN (RIGHT) AT WORK ON A CITY PLAN

IN HIS OFFICE AT CAMBRIDGE, MASS., IN WHICH HE HAS DESIGNED CIVIC IMPROVEMENTS FOR MORE THAN
TWENTY AMERICAN CITIES

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THE NEW BRIDGE OVER THE CONNECTICUT RIVER AT HARTFORD, BUILT TO DIGNIFY THE ENTRANCE TO A MUNICIPALITY OF ABOUT 100,000 PEOPLE

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A NOBLE EXPRESSION OF CIVIC PATRIOTISM THE NEW GROUP OF MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS AT SPRINGFIELD, MASS., WHICH THE PEOPLE BUILT LARGELY

TO GIVE BEAUTIFUL FORM AND SUBSTANCE TO THEIR LOVE FOR THEIR CITY

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A PLAN FOR AN APPROACH TO THE RAILROAD STATION AT SCRANTON, PA. TYPICAL OF THE NECESSITY TO PROVIDE A SETTING AND VISTA BY WHICH THE BEAUTY OF MONUMENTAL PUBLIC BUILDINGS MAY SHOW TO ADVANTAGE

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HOW MONTCLAIR, N. J., MIGHT UNIFY ITS CIVIC LIFE

BY AN ORDERLY AND BEAUTIFUL GROUPING OF MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS SET OFF BY OPEN SPACES AND RELIEVED BY A BACKGROUND OF TREES AND LAWNS

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AS CITY MARKETS APPEAR WHICH "JUST GROW"

RAMSHACKLE STORES IN MONTCLAIR, N. J., THAT MAKE AN UGLY CORE OF A BEAUTIFUL RESIDENTIAL SUBURB BECAUSE THEY WERE NOT PLANNED

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AS THE MARKETS OF A SMALL CITY MAY APPEAR

WHEN THE PEOPLE, AS THE PEOPLE OF GLEN RIDGE, N. J., DETERMINED TO DO, ARE RESOLVED TO CONTRO THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR CITY

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