care must be taken to train the shoot to the center of the hole. In a short while the roots will begin to force their way through the orange skin, and then the true work of training begins. These roots must be carefully shaved off with a sharp knife the moment they appear. After a while the roots will cease to grow, and as a plant cannot spread any larger above the earth than its roots can spread below, the work of dwarfing is completed. The plant will grow about five inches high and in a year may become a miniature tree. As soon as the roots stop growing the orange is coated with varnish and then planted in a pot or vase. The vases in which the plants are grown are highly prized by the Japanese. Some of them are of very costly china.

We are trying to dwarf a couple of trees ourselves -an oak and a maple-and will be pleased to exchange experiences with any of our friends who decide to experiment.

Finland.

The question concerning Finland is still unsettled, and gives promise of causing considerable trouble in Russia as well as in Finland. Many Russia and of the Russian nobles heartily sympathize with the Finns in their trouble, and think that the Czar had no right to interfere with the Constitution of Finland, which he swore to respect when he ascended the throne..

The whole matter is a mystery to many of the nobles who believe Nicholas to be sincere in his desire for universal peace. The fact however remains that the ruler who went to such pains to bring all Europe

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together to discuss the abolition of war has deliberately oppressed his own subjects in such an autocratic manner that it is bound, if kept up, to incite them to rebellion and bloodshed.

On May 19 an Imperial Edict was issued directing that the Finnish Diet or Parliament was to meet only once every four years. This would deprive the people of all chance of meeting to discuss their grievances or wrongs.

The Finnish Diet has, however, utterly rejected the Czar's Army Bill, which was the main cause of the trouble.

Under the old constitution, the purpose of the Finnish army was to defend Finland, and it could not be used outside of its own country. The term of service was three years.

The Czar's bill makes the term five years, and the Finns will be sent into Russia for service, while the guarding of Finland will be done by Russians.

The Finnish Diet opposes this, and will only allow its soldiers to serve outside of Finland when there is no use for them in their own country, or in cases of emergency, and for the defense of St. Petersburg.

The majority of the young men of Finland have little hope that the Czar will allow this bill to stand, and many fear that it will only hasten the abolition of the Diet altogether.

The preparations for emigration are therefore being actively continued. Many young men have already left the country, and many more are on the eve of departure, as the result of the Czar's autocratic action. Finland, see No. 125, page 433.

France has been passing through a stormy week. On Tuesday, May 31, three exciting events occurred which, had they happened separately, The Dreyfus Case. might each have caused considerable trouble with this easily excited people.

The first was the arrival of Major Marchand, the second was the trial of the two deputies who at the funeral of President Faure endeavored to incite the troops to rebellion, and the third was the report of M. Ballot-Beaupré, the President of the Civil Section of the Court of Cassation, which, as we told you last week, was in favor of granting a re-trial for the unfortunate ex-Captain Dreyfus.

On Monday, May 29, the full Court of Cassationthat is to say, the civil and criminal divisions, united into one grand court-met to hear the arguments of M. Ballot-Beaupré, M. Manau, the Public Prosecutor, and Maître Mornard, the counsel for Madame Dreyfus, in favor of a revision.

The government took the greatest precautions to prevent any outbreak or show of popular feeling. Army officers were forbidden to be present either at the Dreyfus argument or at the trial of the Deputies, which was to occur the same day. In addition to this the strictest police regulations were enforced. The majority of the seats in the court were allotted to certain persons, who were admitted by ticket, and very few were left for the use of the real public, that is to say, persons unknown to the court.

The proceedings had been arranged beforehand, and consisted of the reading of the report of M. Ballot-Beaupré, President of the Civil Division of the

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Court of Cassation, to be followed by a speech by Maître Mornard, the counsel employed by Madame Dreyfus to establish the justice of her husband's cause, and an address by the Public Prosecutor, M. Manau. These addresses being delivered, the Court would retire to deliberate on its verdict.

There were barely two hundred people in the court when the case was opened. The proceedings were conducted with the solemnity which befitted the occasion, for these forty judges in their scarlet, erminetrimmed robes were assembled to judge between the honor of one man and that of the entire French army.

Quietly and with the utmost deliberation M. Beaupré read the conclusions to which he had come after a careful consideration of the evidence.

(Will be concluded in next issue.)

Where the Caribbean Breaks.

THIRTEENTH TRAVEL PAPER.

THE MAIL SYSTEM-FISHERIES-THE ORANGE INDUSTRY

-THE LABOR QUESTION-DANGEROUS

HILLS-ROCK SHORES.

EVERYTHING must clear the track for the mail coach. The driver handles the mules skillfully. They are so intelligent that but little attention is required. They round the turns and climb hills with apparent ease. About every ten miles there is a relay of rested mules, and the average running time is at least eight miles per hour.

There is also a night post-van which is operated by contractors. Mails are dispatched by coach on alternate days and by post-vans on the days between. The arrangement of mails puzzles strangers very much until they become familiar with its peculiarities. The service is very satisfactory. Coaches travel southeast from St. Ann's Bay to Ewarten, and post-vans move due east to Ochos Rios and up the coast.

St. Ann's parish raises an enormous quantity of pimento, and is the headquarters of the business. It is expected that in time in these hills will be located a huge sanitarium. It needs business enterprise to transmute natural beauties into financial benefits for the people. Some years ago it was proposed to purchase land here for a public park, but the avaricious owner of an estate asked an absurdly high price, which the promoters refused to allow for his land.

Passing by Windsor and Drax Hall, which is a very fine estate, we reach Greenwich Park, where the interior road to Moneague, via Chalky Hill, begins. A short drive from this junction takes one to the famous Roaring River Fall. This waterfall is of winsome beauty. No tourist should fail to spend a few hours. on the spot and take in the attractions all about him. From here the road leads to the small settlement of Ochos Rios (eight rivers), located on a placid bay. So impressed was a governor's wife with its beauty that she tried to secure a house here for summer occupancy. There was no place available; suitable residences are very scarce.

The beach is of white, clean sand. The branches of great trees form natural canopies over the road. We