D. Appleton & Company's New Books A VOYAGE OF CONSOLATION. By Mrs. E. C. COTES (Sara Jeannette Duncan), author of “A Social Departure," "An American Girl in London," "His Honour and a Lady," etc. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Mrs. Cotes returns to the field which she developed with such success in "A Social Departure" and an "American Girl in London." Some characters which delighted thousands of readers reappear in this new book, and their entertaining experiences on the Continent are set forth with unfailing good spirits and an apt appreciation of the picturesque and humorous features of European travel. The text is admirably supplemented by vivacious illustrations. OTHER BOOKS BY MRS. COTES. HIS HONOUR, AND A LADY. Illus. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. A DAUGHTER OF TO-DAY. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. A SOCIAL DEPARTURE. 12mo, paper, 75 cents; cloth, $1.75. AN AMERICAN GIRL IN LONDON. Illus. 12mo, paper, 75 cents; cloth, $1.50. THE SIMPLE ADVENTURES OF A MEMSAHIB. Illus. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. THE BROOM OF THE WAR-GOD. A Story of the Recent War between the Greeks and Turks. By HENRY NOEL BRAILSFORD. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. This remarkable picture of the actual conditions in the Greek army during the recent war is drawn by a new author of exceptional promise who served in the Foreign Legion. There are glimpses of Lamia, Pharsala, Larissa, Volo, Velestino, and Domoko. The author was one of the disorganized and leaderless assemblage which constituted the Greek army, and his wonderfully graphic sketches of the conditions in the ranks, the incompetence of officers, and the attitude of the King and Crown Prince toward the war, shed a new light upon the disasters of the campaign. THE PSYCHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION. An attempt to show the Genesis of the Higher Faculties of the Mind. By WILLIAM T. HARRIS, A.M., LL.D., U. S. Commissioner of Education. Vol. XXXVII., International Education Series. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. A book by the distinguished editor of the "International Education Series" on so important a subject as the title of this volume indicates has, since its announcement a year ago, been awaited with great interest by educators everywhere, and its appearance is a notable event in the history of pedagogical literature. . . . Dr. Harris has shown, what no other writer has in so clear and practical a manner, the true relations of psychology to the education of youth. . . . His book is a masterpiece of psychologic and pedagogical literature. H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. An Account of his Career, including his Birth, Education, Travels, Marriage, and Home Life, and Philanthropic, Social, and Political Work. Illustrated, 8vo, cloth, $3.50. VARIOUS FRAGMENTS. By HERBERT SPENCER. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. Along with a considerable variety of other matter, these "Fragments" include a number of replies to criticisms, among which will be found some of the best specimens of Mr. Spencer's controversial writings. A PASSIONATE PILGRIM. By PERCY WHITE, author of "Mr. Bailey-Martin,” “Corruption," etc. No. 235, "Appletons' Town and Country Library." 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "The characters are drawn with that touch of cynical humor that marks Mr. White's usual attitude towards men and affairs, and they live their brief parts before us, not play them."- London Literary World. THE TRANSLATION OF A SAVAGE. By GILBERT PARKER, author of "The Seats of the Mighty," "The Trail of the Sword," "The Trespassers," etc. New uniform edition, enlarged. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. For sale by all Booksellers. Sent prepaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Avenue, New York. THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATes to Clues and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. THE BOOK AND THE CUSTOM-HOUSE. The recently compiled statistics of the United States Treasury, relating to our imports for the fiscal year which ended with last June, offer a mine of valuable material for the worker in economic science and the student of commercial or industrial problems. With the mass of this material we are not at present concerned, but the figures relating to "books and printed matter" are of such interest to the constituency of THE DIAL as to bespeak a few words of comment. The following table gives the value of both free and dutiable imports of the class now considered as passed through the custom-houses of eleven customs districts. THE STUDY OF RACES. Frederick Starr 143 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. The naval and foreign policy of the United States.A new method by Miss Repplier.- Miss Correlli as seen in elegant extracts.-Two new books on American literature.-Mr. Gosse's short history of English literature.-Celebrated law-trials in America.-Two friends of Carlyle.-The Christian literature of three centuries.--For students of Norwegian and Danish.— A notable matron of the Revolution.-Friendly letters of General Grant.-A Londoner in Cornwall.-The Age of the Renascence.-Studies of State and Federal Constitutions. 149 153 154 1 155 156 156 Total for eleven districts, $1,721,474 $1,307,675 It will be seen that nearly all of the printed matter imported is entered in the eleven districts above given, and the first noticeable fact revealed by inspection of the figures is that very few books pass through custom-houses west of the Mississippi River. Less than five per cent of the whole is specifically unaccounted for in the above table, and of this five per cent about one-fifth comes to California ports of entry. These facts do not mean, of course, that few books from abroad find their way into the transMississippi section of the country, but rather that our foreign printed matter, which naturally comes across the Atlantic, is mostly entered at Eastern ports, and afterwards distributed by importing booksellers and library agents. It must also be remembered that the claim of New York to three-fourths of the total importation by no means indicates that all of these books are intended for local consumption. Still, it is only natural to expect that New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago should be, in about this order, the four chief ports of entry for printed matter. Chicago gets more free books than Philadelphia, but the difference is more than compensated for by the larger dutiable importation of the latter city. One is at once struck by the discrepancy between the free and the dutiable importation of several of the ports included in the list. St. Louis, for example, with a ratio of twenty-four to one, New Haven with a ratio of nearly thirty to one, and Providence, with a ratio of over sixty to one, are the most noticeable instances. A moment's reflection, however, will explain this anomaly, since the three cities named are university and library centres, and without their free books for these institutions, would sink into insignificance as book importing communities. It is evident, also, that the exemption from duty of all books purchased by public libraries and educational institutions permits nearly sixty per cent of our importations to come in without paying tribute to the modern robber-barons of the custom-house. For this relief much thanks; and yet, when we scan the footings-up of the columns, it is clear that a still more important moral remains to be pointed. For what do these figures signify, after all, in their bearing upon our attitude as a nation toward scholarship and enlightenment? Simply this: that for a paltry addition of one-third of a million dollars to our revenue, we submit every scholar in the country to a petty exaction, if not to a great personal annoyance, whenever he needs for his work some book not "made in America." Not only do we levy this tax upon consignments of books, but we even ransack the personal luggage of the returning traveller, and, pettier still, tear open the wrappings of everything like a book that comes from abroad by post, for fear that some poor teacher or student or man of letters should find it too easy to pursue his calling, or that the rising generation should be lured away from material pursuits by the too manifest delights of the scholastic ideal. The notion that the paths of culture should be smoothed rather than made rugged by public initiative has not yet penetrated into the consciousness of the average legislator, and the tax upon knowledge still stands, and probably will stand for another generation, as a complete refutation of the pretence that as a nation we care seriously for the interests of culture. We have no intention of repeating upon this occasion the well-worn arguments against the tax upon imported books. They need no iteration for intelligent people, and they are quite meaningless to "statesmen" of our favorite type. But the amazing folly of such a tax is something that it may be possible, by dint of persistent hammering, to drive into the heads of the politicians who are responsible for the perpetuation of this form of barbarism. The tax is supposed to be laid in the interests of protection, although it would be a topsy-turvy logic that could show any industry to be protected by such an import, but do its supporters realize that it creates in every scholar and lover of books an implacable enemy of the policy of which it is so unwisely held to be a part, of any policy, indeed, that could possibly be turned to so perverse a purpose? A third of a million dollars is added to our revenue say one fiftieth of the amount that might be added by a barely perceptible increase of the tax upon beer, and for this an artificial barrier is built up against the intercourse of thought, an obstacle is set in the path of every seeker after culture, a proclamation is made to the civilized world that our country imposes a penalty upon learning. We are well aware that there is no prospect for years to come of the abandonment of this foolish and ignorant policy, but it can never be quite unseasonable to hold it up to scorn, for it is only by aiding in the slow growth of a more enlightened public opinion upon subjects which, like this, do not appeal to the selfish interests of the masses, that it can ever become possible for the cultured "remnant" to make an effective exercise of its beneficent influence upon the stolid democracy of which it is a part. FRENCH GENIUS IN CRITICISM. Last year there came to our shores one whom I suppose we may call the foremost literary critic of France; and if that position is justly his, then we have had the honor of entertaining the leading critic of our day. In that statement I do not ignore the literary excellence of the critiques of Mr. Andrew Lang, Dr. Georg Brandes, or Mr. Edmund Clarence Stedman. But these men are, to a certain degree, exotic in that brilliant generalization which characterizes and has always characterized the French genius in criticism. In M. Ferdinand Brunetière, however, we have the traditions of his race at work in genetic exegesis. The modern science of criticism had its birth in France; and while there have been as many shades to its critical taste as are to be found on the painter's board, yet through canons of taste logically derived, or through its wide-reaching influence, it stands supreme in modern criticism. The French mind is de natura critical; the intellectuality of that country is preeminently systematic. Criticism, to have the permanency of art, must be synthetic; there must be order, precision, lucidity; the mind must be exact and mathematical. Whenever the motley array of disorganized thought comes under the direction of such a power, there must necessarily be the orderly march of ideas. This has been the living force of the French mind in the progress of the world. It has given a continuity to its own literature such as no other modern literature possesses; and, further, it has crystallized and generalized, in the modern development, the mass of data which the reverie of the North and the metaphor of the South have placed at its door. I do not mean to say that the other modern literatures have not had critical periods in which to stop and think, and thus, with the elimination of insignificant detail, to catch the spirit of their drifting, and to prepare themselves anew for that utterance which is but the voice of their age. If we look at this closely, however, it seems to me that we must certainly see that with the Teutonic race the periods of profitable criticism are the exception. In the "Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes," which is nothing but the struggle of temperamental forces in literature and in life, we find all sense of proportion and perspective lost to England and to Germany. Lessing stands a monument to the refutation of that statement; and if a man were not known by the company he keeps, I should be inclined to include Addison. It may be thought strange that Pope is not included here; but to me it seems that in his attempt to lie on the bed that Boileau laid for him he is another example of a spirit out of his time too shallow or too expedient to serve as true critic. The critics of America, England, or the continent, who hold to-day the ear of the people, are those that have drank deep and copious draughts at the inspired fount of French criticism: Matthew Arnold, Mr. George Saintsbury, Mr. Edmund Gosse; Dr. Georg Brandes, whose "Hauptströmungen in der Litteratur des XIX. Jahrhunderts" has been epochmaking throughout Germany and Scandinavia. The claim for the superiority of French criticism does not ex necessitate speak for the intellectual superiority of the race,quite the contrary. The abandon of untold riches which characterizes the Teutonic race may be preferred to the orderly arrangement of limited wares; our sympathy may be with the Goth, but we cannot refuse our admiration to the classic poise and hauteur of the effete Latin, with his blood tingling with the despair of the Vandal and the impetuous ardor of the Celt. It is merely the question of creation.or exegesis: Jesus Christ will always stand for more than Strauss or Renan. As said above, it is the love of synthesis, of orderly review, that is characteristic of French life in letters. I know of no nation that is so fond of recapitulation and of inventory of stock in trade. As early as the middle of the sixteenth century, we stand not infrequently in the presence of such books as "Receuil de l'Origine de la Langue et Poésie Française," in which we have extracts and the glimmer of critical generalization which is so brilliant with them now. It was the same love of order and epitome that caused the epigrammatic French to conceive the first newspaper in the modern sense of the word, the "Gazette de France," which appeared at the beginning of the seventeenth century under no less a sponsor than Cardinal Richelieu, whose devotion to centralization is typical of all which that idea stands for; it is the animus of the French Academy, where the validity of censorship in literature is vested in its constructed models; it is what makes practicable the sovereignty of kings, with their motto of l'êtat, c'est moi incised on a background of fleur-de-lis; and, above all, it is the reason that, despite the intellectuality of individual French Protestants, the creative period of the nation has been under the influence of Holy Church, whose theme and purpose is centralization and synthesis. Coordination and the harmony of related parts is what the French mind has sought, and according to which it has worked. There has always been symmetry of the various faculties. Eclecticism, to the exclusion of one, has indeed, in this occurred; but, from the "Principes de littérature" sweep of years, of Charles Batteux, which were derived from the study of Aristotle, and, in connection with Winckelmann's "Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums," may have influenced Lessing's "Laokoon," to Victor Cousin's "Le Vrai, le Beau, et le Bien," there are but sporadic suggestions of it. This explains to us why those most picturesque historical summaries of the French have treated of revolutions at times of storm and stress; why the historical genius has sought medieval themes at times of Romantic unrest; why, during periods of classical reaction, it has sought its inspiration in sunny Greece. In explanation of this I am tempted to cite the revolutionary themes of Thiers, of Tocqueville, of Mignet, of Michelet, of Edgar Quinet; but I refrain, through length of titles, from doing so. Suffice it to say that the revolutions of England, America, France, Greece, and Italy have received at least fair treatment in their hands. popular throughout Europe and America, were made Victor Duruy's classical histories, which are now so possible through the quiescent Romantic fervor, which, just preceding it, had seen the advent of histories of the Crusades and of the Middle Ages. The philosophy and science of France have been no exception to this agreement. Momentary aberrations in philosophy, such as the Port Royal letters of Pascal, which were directed against the Jansenists, with proper perspective, receive proper value. And its science may yet have to declare, au fond de ses creusets, as M. Paul Adam says, the discovery of the divine principle in art, "music, painting, and poetry, as the triple reflection of one central light." GLEN L. SWIGGETT. The New Books. A COMPLETE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SPORT.* Sportsmen, of whatever class or predilection, can scarcely complain that their interests have been neglected of late years by book publishers. The literature of sport has grown apace; and we are now called upon to chronicle the appearance of what may be regarded as the outcome of the first serious effort to produce an adequate Encyclopædia of Sport. When completed, the work will stand without a rival in its peculiar field. It at once supplants its only considerable predecessor, Blaine's "Encyclopædia of Rural Sports," which first appeared in 1840, and which ran through many editions between that date and 1870. Blaine's book was a good one in its day, but its day is past. Certain favorite sports-football and cricket, for instance have been fairly revolutionized since Blaine wrote; while some others now in vogue have been introduced or popularized since his time. With the classic work of the scholarly Strutt, whose "Sports and Pastimes of the People of England" mirrors a not unimportant phase of the history of the Anglo-Saxon race, the one now before us hardly enters into competition. Strutt's book is valuable mainly as a mine of antiquarian lore, and has little pretension to encyclopædic scope or fulness. Between the present work and its two predecessors there is another important point of difference. Strutt, and in the main Blaine, worked single-handed; while the volume we are now considering is the result of expert collaboration. The editor, the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, states that, in answer to his appeal for special articles, leading authorities on every branch of sport have placed their services at his disposal. Glancing over the table of contents one finds that the articles, for instance, on Angling, Archery, Boxing, Fencing, Lacrosse, Broadsword, and Canoeing, are from the pens of Messrs. John Bickerdyke and William Senior, Col. W. Walrond, Messrs. B. J. Angle, Camille Prevost, E. T. Sachs, A. Hutton, and W. Baden-Powell, respectively. Under generic and comprehensive titles, such as Hunting, Big Game, Camping Out, are groups of specific papers, each the work of a specially qualified writer. The heading Athletics, for example, *THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SPORT. Edited by the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, Hedley Peek, and F. G. Aflalo. Volume I., A-Leo. Illustrated in photogravure, etc. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. includes articles on High Jumping (Mr. Reginald Williams), Hurdling (Mr. C. L. Lockton), Long Jumping (C. B. Fry), Pole Vaulting (Reginald Williams), Walking (Fred Cotton), Weight Putting (G. S. Robertson), and so on. The less important and unsigned articles have been submitted to expert revisal, and the glossaries under each subject should be especially helpful to the inquiring tyro. The scope of the work is wide, and intelligent sportsmen will welcome the inclusion of special articles full of practical hints and suggestions on such germane and important topics as First Aid, Taxidermy, and Veterinary Work. Natural history (mainly, of course, from the sportsman's point of view) has not been neglected, and American readers will be glad to note that Mr. Theodore Roosevelt is a leading contributor in this department. The important articles on Cycling (Mr. H. Graves and the Countess of Malmesbury) and Golf (Mr. Garden H. Smith) occupy thirty pages and eighteen pages respectively. The former article is perhaps open to the criticism from the American point of view that it is addressed too exclusively to English readers. A half-dozen or so pages on American "wheels" and "wheeling” would, we think, be a decided improvement in tion in this country. We may add in this cona work manifestly intended largely for circula nection that elsewhere in the volume a desire on of American sportsmen is apparent. American the part of the editor to meet the special needs angling and hunting are not neglected; a table of Best American Amateur Records is given under the head of Athletics; there is a wellwritten generally descriptive article on Baseball; Mr. J. Turner Turner writes on American Camping Out; and Mr. Caspar Whitney discusses American Football in his usual thorough and readable way. We hope to find in the forthcoming volume adequate papers on American Rowing and Yachting; and we venture to suggest that for the treatment of the former topic no better man could be selected than that veteran oarsman and loyal Yale coach, Mr. Robert J. Cook. Such an article by Mr. Cook might well be supplemented by a the famous Oxford and "Leander " coach and few pages from the pen of Mr. R. C. Lehmann, beau-ideal of the English "gentleman ama teur." Even the warmest adherents of the Cornelian or the Light Blue must feel a lurking sympathy with Mr. Lehmann in his present chivalrous undertaking at Cambridge. A brief résumé by Mr. Lehmann of his impressions of |