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will probably be found the most interesting portions of the volume. In making the quotations from this department, it has been the object to bring the greatest quantity of useful matter within the smallest space. Parts of letters, therefore, are usually introduced, rarely the whole of any one,-sufficient to give the full sense of the Writer on any required point, and avoiding all extraneous observations. The historical and biographical portions of the work have also been derived, in great part, from this pregnant source. cases the very language of the Author has been adopted, without invariably noting it with the usual mark of credit. In all such cases, however, the style or the sentiment will be sufficiently distinguishable to place it where it belongs. Some parts of the narrative may appear overwrought with eulogy, to some minds-not so much because the subject does not deserve it, as because it was infinitely above the attempt. It is a difficult matter to commemorate the deeds of so distinguished a benefactor of the human race, without yielding in some degree to the influence of a passion which they are so justly calculated to inspire; and the writer does not scruple to admit, that he has less endeavored to restrain his own grateful feelings, than to infuse the same into the minds of his readers.

The character of THOMAS JEFFERSON should be held up to all succeeding generations of American people, as the model on which they should habitually fix their eyes, and fashion their own characters and principles. His unparalleled achievements and sacrifices for their benefit, with the pre-eminent success, and the blissful close of his life, should be continually spread before them, as incitements to run the same virtuous and glorious career of action. His Writings should enlighten the fireside of every citizen of this Republic, and form the text-book of the American statesman. His pure fame should be religiously cherished by his countrymen, as a most precious inheritance to them, and as meriting from man universally an everlasting remembrance. If the present volume shall have been instrumental in promoting these objects, it will have fulfilled its destiny.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Nativity of Mr. Jefferson. Peculiarity in the concealment of his birth-day-

Curiosity felt to ascertain it-Motives of his conduct in this particular-Reply

to the city authorities of Washington-To Levi Lincoln, pp. 17:18. Genealo-

gy of Mr. Jefferson Peculiarity by which it was marked-Prominency of the

feature in Thomas. Anecdote related by Mr. Madison. Antiquity of his mater-

nal pedigree. Character of his father-Extent of his patrimony. His early

education-Critical position of his boy-hood-lis juvenile mind and habits

-Fondness for the classics-For what qualities distinguished in College-

Passion for certain Sciences and Fine Arts, pp. 18:20. Circumstances which

decided the particular direction of his life. His character of Dr. Small-Of

George Wythe. Commences the study of Law-Extent of his researches.

His fervid description of the speech of Patrick Henry against the Stamp-act--

Influence of that scene upon his subsequent career. Mottoes of his Seals, pp.

22:27. Enquiry into the relative birth of individual opinions on the question of

American Independence-Remark of Mr. Jefferson upon this point. Notice of

his claims to the distinction of giving direction and permanency to the moral

power of the Revolution-His sarcastic compliment to Massachusetts upon this

point-The idea pursued in a letter to General Dearborn. Enters the Practice

of the Law--Professional celebrity. Qualifications as an Advocate--As a Pop-

ular Orator. Letter to Major John Cartwright of England, displaying the depth

and precision of his legal preparation-Interest excited on the publication of

this letter--Answer to E. Everett upon the subject, pp. 27: 33.

Mr. Jefferson comes of age. Elected to the Legislature. His first effort in

that body for the Emancipation of Slaves-Overwhelming defeat of the measure

-Remarks on the singular merits of the proposition. Extract from his Notes

on Virginia, on Slavery. Progress of the Revolution. System of Non-inter-

course adopted by the Colonies--Agency of Mr. Jefferson in bringing Virginia

into the measure-Its utility as an engine of coercion. Retaliatory resolutions

of the British Parliament. Counter resolutions brought forward by Mr. Jeffer-

son. Gerin of the American Union. Sudden dissolution of the Legislature.

Jefferson and others rally a private meeting of the members at the Raleigh

tavern-Its spirited doings. Influence of the revolutionary proceedings in Vir-

ginia, pp. 34: 40. Apathy of the Colonists-How viewed by Mr. Jefferson-

He devises measures for arousing them to a sense of their situation. Meeting

of the bolder spirits, to set the machinery in motion-Influence of this conclave

upon the course of the Revolution. Committees of Correspondence established.

-Agency of this measure in begetting a General Congress-Strong presenti

ment of Mr. Jefferson of the result of their deliberations. Interesting debut of

Mr. Carr in the Legislature--Mr. Jefferson's character of him. Legislature again

dissolved, pp. 41:45. Parallel Committees of Correspondence appointed by

the other Colonies--Moral agency of this institution in the Revolution. News

of the Beston Port Bill. Ppular effervescence. Measures set in motion by Mr.

Jefferson. Holds another council with his former confederates Appointment of

a general Fast in Virginia-Mr. Jefferson's account of his draft of the proclama-

tion-Effect of this measure throughout the Colonies. Legislature again dis-

solved. Spirited Association entered into by the members. Recommendation

of a General Congress, pp. 46: 53.

The other Colonies unite in the measure of a General Congress. First demo-
cratic Convention in Virginia, Mr. Jefferson elected a member. Instructions
proposed by him for the Congressional Delegates--Published by the Convention
under the title of Summary View of the Rights of British America'-Effect of
this work in England---Re published by the Whigs in Parliament---Bill of At-
tainder commenced against the author--Political doctrines of this work form
the text of the Revolution; inserted at length remarks on the Political merits
of the work. The Convention virtually assumes the government of the colony,

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Commerce--Report of the committee, pp. 229 : 232. He submits a proposition
for appointing a Committee of the States,' to serve during the recesses of Con-
gress--Subsequent failure of the scheme; humorous anecdote of Doctor Frank-
lin. General Washington consults him on the Cincinnati institution--Its origin
-His opinions--Advice to Washington, who takes measures to abolish the order.

Appointed Minister Plenipotentiary, with Franklin and Adams, for negotiating

treaties of commerce. To whom treaties were to be proposed, pp. 232: 239.

Accepts the appointment of Minister to Europe-Sails--Arrival in France.

Curiosity excited in the Diplomatic corps at Paris, by the instructions given to

our negotiators. Authorship of these instructions--His letter on the subject.

Mr. Adams joins his colleagues at Paris. General form of treaty. Result of

the conference with the French Minister. Final result of their propositions to

the several Powers of Europe. Dignified conduct of the American negotiators,

pp. 240:243. Appointed Resident Minister at the Court of Versailles-Recep-

tion at that court. Visit to London--Reception at the Court of St. James.

General view of his official duties at Paris. His tribute to La Fayette, and the

Count de Vergennes. His project to engage the principal European Powers in

a perpetual alliance with the U. States against the Piratical States --Letter to

Mr. Adams--His proposals---Their reception, and failure, pp. 243:250. His

measures for securing the foreign credit of the United States--Visit to Holland.

Extracts, giving his opinions on the state of society, &c. in Europe. Insurrec-

tions in America-- How viewed by him. Extracts from his letters to America.

Movements in the U. S. for forming a Constitution--Agency of Mr. Jefferson.

The National Convention meets--Diversity of opinion. His v ews consulted--

Advice to the members---Result of their labors Reception by the States ---His

opinions on the new Constitution---Letter to Mr. Madison---Advice on the man-

ner of accepting it--Further extracts. His influence in producing the amend-

ments, pp. 250272. Proposed abandonment of the navigation of the Mississippi

---Effect upon Mr. Jefferson, and letter to Mr. Madison. He introduces into the

Southern states upland cotton and the olive tree. Tour through France and

Italy-Extracts. Communicates to America a variety of new inventions, and

articles of culture. His scientific and literary efforts in France. Endeavors to

improve the architecture of the U. States. Letter to Washington on the Cin-

cinnati--Letters to the young men of America, pp. 272: 287. Opening scenes of

the French Revolution. Causes of this struggle. as stated by Mr. Jefferson---

His Letter, accompanied with a Charter of Rights---Consultation at his house,

and its effects--- Apology-- Character of the Queen. Departure, and Farewell

tribute to France. Arrival in Virginia. Receives the appointment of Secretary

of State. His answers, and final acceptance. Arrival at the Seat of Govern-

ment, pp 287: 296.

Political elements of Washington's cabinet. Character of Hamilton, Adams,
and remarks on Knox, by Jefferson. His critical position, and observations.
Hamilton's Funding System and Assumption scheme---Contentions excited by
these measures. Panic of Hamilton. Conciliatory intervention of Mr. Jefferson
and final passage of the Assumption---Influence of these measures. National
Bank, and grounds of opposition. The President requires the written opinions
of his Cabinet. Opinion of Jefferson. Subsequent influence of the Bank, and
extensive monied control of Hamilton. Opposition to the administration and
its causes, as stated by Jefferson, pp. 296: 310. Extensive duties of the State
Department. His Report on Coins, &c.---Its outlines. Report on the Cod and
Whale Fisheries; its general features Report on Commerce and Navigation;
its political effects, pp. 310:322. His duties as to foreign affairs. Extracts
from his instructions to our Minister in Spain, on the Navigation of the Wissis-
sippi, &c. His controversy with Mr. Hammond. Instructions to our Minister
at London on Impressment. Critical situation of the U. States, as to their foreign
relations. Popular feeling in favor of France. Intemperate character of the
French Minister. Mr. Jefferson's controversy with him, and the merits of the
performance--Character of Genet's communications; his violent measures--Re-
quest for his recall decided upon; how performed by the Secretary. Extracts,
pp. 322:333. Mr. Jefferson's retirement from the Cabinet, and its causes -Efforts

Political character of Adams' cabinet. Jefferson's arrival as Vice President,

and precaution to elude ceremony. Determination regarding executive consul-

tations. Separation between him and the President. His portraiture of the

administration. Catalogue of its most obnoxious measures. Opposition of the

Republican party; its dependence on Jefferson. Extracts from his works,

pp. 368: 384. Desperate situation of affairs in '98...99. His advice on the best

course of measures. Republican members of Congress retire into the State

legislatures. Jefferson draughts the Kentucky Resolutions. Their general char-

acter. Extract. Madison's Virginia Resolutions. View of Jefferson's official

conduct...Prepares his Manual of Parliamentary Practice. Parties bring out

their candidates for the Presidency. Character of the contest. Licentiousness

of the Pulpit and the Press against Jefferson. Notice of some of the principal

libels on his character; his singular passiveness. Extracts from his works,

pp. 384:591.
Result of the election by the people. Constitutional difficulty;

the federalists taking advantage of it resolve to elect Buir. Election scenes

in the House, and conduct of the minority. Fidelity of the republicans to, and

final election of Jefferson. Attempts of the federalists to extort capitulary terms

from him; his answers. Causes of their final abandonment of the contest, as

stated by him. Feelings of the nation, pending the election in the House, and

subsequently. Last scenes and appointments of the defeated dynasty. Extracts

from his correspondence at this memorable epoch, pp. 391: 403.

which had conferred such distinguished excellence upon their country. He replied, in a style of Roman heroism, "The only birthday which I recognize, is that of my country's liberties." In August, 1803, he received a similar communication from Levi Lincoln, in behalf of a certain association in Boston, to which he replied: "Disapproving myself of transferring the honors and veneration for the great birth-day of our Republic, to any individual, or of dividing them with individuals, I have declined letting my own birthday be known, and have engaged my family not to communicate it. This has been the uniform answer to every application of the kind."

On the paternal side, Mr. Jefferson could number no titles to high or ancient lineage. His ancestors, however, as far back as they can be traced, were of solid respectability, and among the first settlers of Virginia. They emigrated to this country from Wales, and from near the mountain of Snowden, the highest in GreatBritain. His grand-father was the first of whom we have any particular information. He lived in Chesterfield county, at the place called Ozborne's, and owned the lands, afterwards the glebe of the parish. He had three sons; Thomas, who died young; Field, who resided on the waters of the Roanoke, and left numerous descendants; and Peter, the father of the subject of these Memoirs, who settled in Albemarle county, on the lands called Shadwell. He was the third or fourth settler in that region of the country. They were all gentlemen of property and influence in the Colony.

But the chief glory of Mr. Jefferson genealogy was the sturdy contempt of hereditary honors and distinctions, with which the whole race was imbued. At a period when birth was the principal circumstance which decided rank, such a raciness and unsophisticated tone of character, in an influential family, whose wealth alone was sufficient to identify them with the aristocracy, could not but be regarded as a novel and decisive peculiarity. It was a strong genealogical feature, pervading all the branches of the primitive stock, and forming a remarkable head and concentration in the individual who was destined to confer immortality upon the name. With him, indeed, if there was any one sentiment which predominated in early life, and which lost none of its rightful ascendency through a long career of enlightened and philanthropic effort, it was that of the natural equality of all men, in their rights and wants; and of the nothingness of those pretensions which 'are gained without merit and

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