correct; it will be seen that Steele's list is far from complete, while, on the other hand, it has not been found possible to identify any of the papers by William Carey. Most of the names can be dealt with sufficiently in notes to the several papers; but Hughes, Budgell, and Tickell, who were among Addison's most intimate friends, deserve some special notice.

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John Hughes, born in 1677 at Marlborough, was educated at a dissenting academy in Little Britain, where Isaac Watts was a fellow-scholar. He obtained a place in the Ordnance Office, and published several historical works and a translation of Fontenelle's 'Dialogues of the Dead.' In 1712 his English opera of Calypso and Telemachus' was produced at the Haymarket, and in 1715 he published an edition of Spenser. Lord Chancellor Cowper gave him a post in the Court of Chancery in 1717; and in 1720 he brought out, with great success, his tragedy of The Siege of Damascus.' On the night of its production Hughes died of consumption, after a long illness. Steele published a eulogy upon him in the fifteenth number of the Theatre. Pope, who agreed with Swift that Hughes was a mediocrity, said that what he wanted in genius he made up as an honest man.' His His papers in the Spectator, especially the letters attributed to him, largely relate to women; but he wrote also upon the stage, and contributed papers on critical, moral, and religious subjects.

Eustace Budgell, born in 1686, was the son of Gilbert Budgell, D.D., of Exeter, by his first wife

Mary, daughter of Bishop Gulston, whose sister was Addison's mother. He was called to the bar; but when his cousin Addison became secretary to Wharton, the Lord-Lieutenant, Budgell was appointed a clerk in his office. He lived much with Addison, and wrote many papers for the Spectator in imitation of his patron's style; in fact, some said that Addison revised his articles. In 1714 Budgell published a translation of Theophrastus,' and next year was made, by Addison's influence, UnderSecretary at Dublin, and Chief Secretary to the Lords Justices. In 1717 he became Accountant-General, after losing his other post through a quarrel with the secretary to Lord Sunderland, the new LordLieutenant. Budgell lost much money at the time of the South-Sea Bubble, and further sums in litigation, with the result that his mind became affected. Of his later writings mention need be made only of the Memoirs of the Life and Character of the late Earl of Orrery and the Family of the Boyles,' 1732, and a weekly periodical called the Bee (1733-35). In the end he drowned himself in the Thames, leaving a paper on his desk:

What Cato did and Addison approved
Cannot be wrong.'

Thomas Tickell, son of a Cumberland clergyman, was born in 1686, and entered Queen's College, Oxford, in 1701. He made Addison's acquaintance by a copy of verses in praise of the opera of Rosamond,' and he afterwards contributed to the Spectator; little of his work, however, can be iden

tified. In No. 523 Addison praised his poem on 'The Prospect of Peace,' though it was opposed to his own political views. In later numbers (Nos. 523, 620) two poems by Tickell were printed, one To the supposed Author of the Spectator,' the other, 'The Royal Progress,' in honour of George I. When Addison was appointed Secretary in Ireland he took Tickell with him; and on Addison becoming Secretary of State in 1717, Tickell became Under-Secretary. His best poem was written in memory of his patron, whose works he edited in 1721. Tickell became Secretary to the Lords Justices in 1725, and soon afterwards married. He died at Bath in 1740. The story of the quarrel of Pope and Addison, arising out of the publication, in 1715, of the first book of a rival translation of the 'Iliad' by Tickell, is well known. It was Pope who described Addison 'giving his little senate laws; in that senate at Button's Coffee-House Tickell was a conspicuous member.

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

JOHN LORD SOMERS,

BARON OF EVESHAM.1

MY LORD,

SHOULD not act the part of an impartial Spectator, if I dedicated the following papers to one who is not of the most consummate and most acknowledged merit.

None but a person of a finished character can be the proper patron of a work which endeavours to cultivate and polish human life, by promoting virtue and knowledge, and by recommending what

1 John Somers, born in 1652 at Worcester, where his father was an attorney, was junior counsel for the Seven Bishops who were tried in 1688. He took an active part in the expulsion of the Stuarts, and drew up the Declaration of Right at the Revolution. William III. made him Solicitor-General, and in 1692 he was knighted and became Attorney-General. Next year he was appointed Lord Keeper, and in 1697 was raised to the peerage and made Lord Chancellor. Political opponents in the House of Commons succeeded in depriving him of his office in 1700, but VOL. I.

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