This preparation is attracting a great deal of favorable comment among the members of the medical profession. It is easily assimilated, acceptable to the most delicate stomach, possesses all the advantages and none of the disadvantages of cod liver oil. SAMPLES AND LITERATURE ON APPLICATION. For Physician's Prescriptions only. PREPARED BY THE TILDEN COMPANY, NEW LEBANON, N. Y. ST. LOUIS, MO. WHEELER'S GLYCERITE OF TISSUE PHOSPHATES. WHEELER'S COMPOUND ELIXIR OF PHOSPATES AND CALISAYA.-A Nerve Food and Nutritive Tonic, for the Treatment of Consumption, Bronchitis, Scrofula and all forms of Nervous Debility. This elegant preparation combines in an agreeable Aromatic Cordial, in the form of a glycerite acceptable to the most Irritable Conditions of the Stomach, Bone-Calcium Phosphate Ca32 PO4, Sodium and Phosphate Na2 HPO4, Ferrous Phosphate, Fe3 2 PO4, Trihydrogen Phosphate H3 PO4, and the Active Principles of Calisaya and Wild Cherry." The special indication of this combination of phosphates in spinal affections, caries, necrosis, ununited fractures, marasmus, poorly developed children, retarded detention, alcohol, opium, tobacco habits, gestation and lactation to promote development, etc., and as a physiological restorative in sexual debility, and all used-up conditions of the nervous system and should receive the careful attention of good therapeutists. Notable Properties.-As reliable in dyspepsia as quinine in ague. Secures the largest percentage of benefits in consumption and other wasting diseases by determining perfect digestion and assimilation of food. When using cod-liver oil may be taken without repugnance. It renders success possible in treating chronic diseases of women and children, who take it with pleasure for prolonged periods, a factor essential to maintain the good will of the patient. Being a tissue constructive, it is the best general utility preparation for tonic restorative purposes we have, no mischievous effects resulting when exhibited in any possible morbid conditions of the system. When strychnia is desirable, use the following: R. Wheeler's Tissue Phosphates, one bottle; Liquor Strychnia, half fluid-drachm. M. In dyspepsia with constipation, all forms of nerve prostration; and a good pick-me up for daily use in constitutions of low vitality. DOSE.-For an adult, one tablespoonful three times a day; after eating; from seven to twelve years of age, one dessertspoonful; from two to seven, one teaspoonful. For infants, from five to twenty drops, according to age." Prepared at the chemical laboratory of T. B. WHEELER, M.D., MONTREAL, B. C. To prevent substitution, it is put up in pound bottles only and sold by all druggists at $1. LOOK at the outside of the Mailing Wrapper of your Journal, and if your time of subscription has ex pired please forward renewal; or if you do not want the journal to continue its visits a Postal Card or other notification will be sincerely appreciated by Nashville, Tenn. Yours very truly, DEERING J. ROBERTS, M.D., CONSUMPTION.-As a cough-mixture Dr. J. H. Jergeson, of Horicon, Wis., recommends in the Medical Brief: This is an excellent combination for nasal cleansing and disinfection. It is soothing, agreeable, and effective. For shortness, I call it Ryerson's solution.-Extract from a medical article written by G. Sterling Ryerson, M.D., L.R.C.P. & S., etc., Toronto. Phillips' Phospho-Muriate of Quinine, Comp. (The Soluble Phosphates, with Muriate of Quinine, Iron and Strychnia.) Permanent-Will not disappoint. PHILLIPS' Only, is Genuine. THE CHAS. H. PHILLIPS' CHEMICAL CO., NEW YORK, THE SOUTHERN PRACTITIONER, AN INDEPENDENT MONTHLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED TO MEDICINE AND SURGERY. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. DEERING J. ROBERTS, M.D., Vol XXIV. Editor and Proprietor. NASHVILLE, MARCH. 1902. No. 3. Original Communications. ETIOLOGY OF MALARIAL FEVER.* BY D. B. BLAKE, M.D., OF NASHVILLE, TENN. Periodic fever, under many aliases, has existed through the ages. Lancisi gave it the name of "Malaria" from the Italian, Mala, bad and Aria, air, thus tersely epitomizing its etiology as then and for generations before and since understood and accepted. Without going into detailed account of the air and waterborne theory of the transmission of the disease to human beings, a subject with which, we presume, all here present are fully conversant, we will simply say: Prior to 1880 the accepted theory *Read at Regular Meeting ef Nashville Academy of Medicine, Jan. 28, 1902. of the cause of malarial fever was a miasm generated in wet or marshy lands, and conveyed to man through the agency of the air, water, certain fruits or succulent vegetables. To generate this miasm it was recognized that four things were essential, viz: earth, air, heat and moisture. Observant practitioners have from time to time suggested the existence of a specific germ, and various efforts were put forth to discover such an agent. In 1879 Klebs and Tomassi-Crudelli claimed the discovery of this germ isolated from miasmatic air. The next year, Laveran, a surgeon in the French army, announced the discovery of a plasmodium in the blood from a patient suffering from malarial fever. Little impression, however, was made upon the medical world by his announcement until several years later when Celli and Marchiafava confirmed the discovery of Laveran. Since that time numerous earnest investigators have been at work developing this field and much has been accomplished in bringing to light facts of value, and in reducing some to a practical basis for service. It has been conclusively shown that this germ is the specific cause of the disease under consideration. But, Mr. President, the thing in which we are just now most concerned is: How does the beast gain entrance to the blood current? Nott, our fellow-countryman, in 1849, had advanced the idea that both malarial and yellow fevers were communicated by the bites of mosquitoes. Dr. Carlos Finley, of Havana, Cuba, about 1881 or 1882 reached the conclusion that yellow fever was certainly produced by the bites of a particular species of mosquito, the' stegomyia. And, as bearing upon this same line, we recall that quite as far back as then an old German veterinarian in DeWitt County, Texas, persistently claimed that "Texas fever" in cattle was caused from the bites of ticks. He pressed his idea upon the authorities at Washington and we know not if this gave the clue to Smith and Kilborne, but certain it is that by their investigations it has been demonstrated that the claim of the old German was correct. Manson, an English parasitologist, found that mosquitoes which had sucked blood containing filaria and subsequently died, contaminated the water on which they died and decomposed so as to produce filariasis in those who drank the water. Reasoning by analogy he conceived the idea that malarial fever was propagated in a similar way. This conclusion was, however, in part erroneous, and it remained for Ross, an English surgeon in the India service, and certain Italian scientists to develop the part played by the mosquito in the cyclic life of this parasitic germ. The arena has not yet been made clear as noonday, but it may be profitable as well as interesting to note some facts which are now well established but which, till recently, were unknown, some unsuspected. 1. Not all species of mosquitoes infect man. For instance; the culicidae, while infecting birds, are harmeless, though annoying to man; the higher honor of acting as carrier of the infecting organism to the genus homo being reserved to the anopheles, of which there are some four or more varieties. Parenthetically: It may be interesting, just here, to note some of the observable differences which obtain between the anopheles and the more common culex. The anopheles prefer clear, almost still and deep water in which to deposit the eggs, such water as is favorable to the growth of so-called palustral vegetation, thus securing for the larvæ the best pabulum vitæ. The larvae and nymphæ in rising to the surface of the water to breathe, lie in a horizontal position while those of the culex are heads down tails up. The palpi are as long as the proboscis, while in the female culex, (which is the blood-sucker) the palpi are much shorter. It flies only late in the evening, in the night or early morning, makes no musical, cozening song; alights to bite noislessly and is often unperceived either by the sense of hearing or feeling; on a wall it rests at a right angle rather than parallel thereto and does not crawl or shift its position. Yet other differences exist but this must suffice for this paper. 2. This germ has a double or two-fold life cycle: in the mosquito, the definitive host, in which is fulfilled the complete or full sexual cycle; in man, the temporary host, is accomplished the asexual cycle. (You will readily call to mind that a like condition obtains in other parasites, the tenia echinococcus for example). Nevertheless the organism may and does reproduce itself in man by process of "multiplication by fission with formation of gymnospores or amoebula." Celli. 3. It seems, furthermore, that these hamisporidia may be stored up, so to speak, in some of the organs of the body and often, after longer or shorter periods, from some exciting cause, |