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Threatened with the vengeance of the sultan, they resolved to obviate it by the massacre of all the leading Servians, which they executed in part in February, 1804. George and many others escaped and found refuge in the mountains, where they were soon joined by hosts of outlaws, ready to revenge the blood of the Christians. A general insurrection was prepared. George was urged by his companions to become its leader, but, conscious of his ignorance, for he could neither write nor read, he refused, declaring himself incapable of government. "We'll assist you with our advice," was their reply. "But I am of a violent spirit," said he; "instead of judging, I shall order men to death." Well, in our circumstances we want rigor." George yielded, and did his best. He laid siege to Belgrade; his lieutenants took several strongholds of the janizaries. Sultan Selim, who was pleased with these victories over the seditious janizaries, ordered Bekir Pasha of Bosnia to aid the Servians. The janizaries were unable to resist the double attack; their chiefs took to flight, but were overtaken and beheaded. But instead of returning to their peaceful occupations, the Servians, emboldened by their success, continued in arms, sent a deputation to Alexander, the emperor of Russia, and, on his promise to support their claims, another deputation to Constantinople, asking that all the strongholds of the country should be surrendered to them, and a compensation paid for the losses they had suffered. George in the meanwhile attacked and took the last strongholds of the janizaries in the southern part of the country. These proceedings irritated the sultan; he ordered Hafiz, the pasha of Nissa, to march to Servia and disarm the insurgents; but being resisted by George, at the head of 10,000 men, the pasha speedily retired. In the spring of 1806 Servia was invaded by Bekir Pasha from the west, and by Ibrahim, pasha of Scutari, from the south. Thus pressed, George first strengthened his precarious position by the massacre of suspected national leaders, marched against the Bosnians, routed them, and then turned against Ibrahim, who had been checked in his course by one of his lieutenants, and was now ready for a cessation of hostilities. This was approved of by the sultan, who terminated the negotiations of peace by granting the Servians the national independence of their country under the suzerainty of the Porte, with the obligation to pay an annual tribute. But the execution of the stipulations still had to be enforced; Belgrade, Szabacz, and other places, were to be taken by assault, and these conquests were stained by wanton massacres of Mohammedans. In the summer of 1807 the Servians became masters of the whole of their country. George was elected its chief, and as such acknowledged by the Porte; but he had to struggle against the independent spirit of the military chiefs, and the opposition of the senate, many members of which leaned toward Russia, while he disliked

that power. He overcame the difficulties by energy and rigor, which had the merit of being impartial. His only brother, having committed an outrage on a girl, was hanged, and his mother forbidden to mourn for him. This illustrates the character of this barbarous hero, of whom a tradition relates that in his youth, when he first determined to leave the country of his oppressors, he shot down his father, who refused to follow him. Generally he was gloomy and taciturn, but wine made him talk and even dance. He was simple in his habits; his dress was like that of other peasants; he himself performed the hardest labors of a husbandman, and his daughter, like other peasant girls, brought water from the well. But cruelty and avarice stained both his life and administration. In 1809 the war of Alexander against Turkey seemed to George a favorable opportunity for extending the limits of his country and reconquering its ancient possessions and power. Crossing the south-western mountains to unite with the Montenegrins, he laid siege to Novibazar, and then made an attempt to conquer the Herzegovina, when he was surprised by the rout of his lieutenants by an invading Turkish army. The intervention of a Russian corps alone saved Servia, but in the following year George was again successful, and repeated victories also secured for him an almost absolute power, which easily crushed every opposition. The divan now offered him propositions of peace, which he rejected, generously refusing to treat without his Russian allies; but Russia, threatened in its existence by Napoleon, hastened to conclude the treaty of Bucharest (1812), whose stipulations in behalf of Servia proved illusory. Thus suddenly deserted, George lost his wonted energy, sought for peace instead of preparing for a vigorous resistance, and made humiliating proposals. Even these were rejected, and the Turkish army entered Servia in June, 1813. Veliko, the Achilles of Servia, who tried to check their march, was killed by a cannon ball, and on Oct. 2 George allowed the Turks to cross the Morava before his eyes. Eager to save his life and treasures, he fled the next day beyond the Danube, and sought refuge in Semlin, and subsequently in Chocim in Bessarabia. The deserted Servian troops disbanded, and the Turks were again masters of Servia, which but slowly recovered a partial independence under the lead of Milosh Obrenovitch. In 1817, when the Greek Hetairia was secretly preparing a general insurrection in the northern provinces of the Ottoman empire, George was tempted to leave his retreat, and to return in secret to Servia. Having succeeded in reentering it undetected, he repaired to the house of Vuitza, one of his ancient lieutenants, whence he besought Milosh to raise the banner of insurrection. But the new national ruler, cautious and afraid of a rival, informed the pasha of Belgrade of his presence, and that official demanded his head. The demand was complied with, Vuitza surrendered him, and the head of the man

who had so often made the Mussulmans tremble was sent to Constantinople, where it was exposed at the gate of the seraglio. But the memory of the deliverer remained dear to his nation, and after the revolution of 1842, which overthrew the house of Obrenovitch, his son Alexander, called Karageorgevitch, was elected prince of Servia. This prince, however, was deposed, after a reign of 16 years, by the Servian national convention in Dec. 1858, and Milosh Obrenovitch invited once more to undertake the government.

CZERNY, KARL, a German composer, born in Vienna, Feb. 21, 1791, died there, July 15, 1857. He received his musical instruction from his father, a teacher of the piano, appeared at the age of 9 in a concert, and became acquainted with Beethoven and afterward with Clementi. He pursued the profession of his father from 1805 to 1835, and visited London in 1836. Among his pupils are Liszt, Döhler, and other distinguished artists. He wrote an immense number of compositions, and several theoretical works, of which the "Practical School of Composition" (3 parts, London and Bonn, 1849), and the "Sketch of the History of Music " (Mentz, 1851), are the most remarkable.

CZUCZOR, GERGELY, a Hungarian author, born Dec. 17, 1800, at Andód, in the county of Neutra. From 1825 to 1835 he was professor at the colleges of Raab and Comorn, an appointment conferred upon him by the Benedictine monks, of whose order he was a member; but

D,

the 4th letter in the Phoenician system of writing, and in most of those derived from it, is the representative of the last of the 4 classes into which the sounds of human speech may be divided-A representing the 1st or faucal (vocal) class, B the 2d or labial, and O the 3d or guttural. The letters of this 4th, denti-lingual or lingui-dental class, viz., d, t, 8, 2, 1, r, being visible signs of the articulated sounds produced by various movements of the tongue touching the teeth and gums, are, therefore, convertible into each other. And whereas, in consequence of the misunderstanding of the real character of human phonetism, and of its graphic representation, letters have been misapplied to sounds, the combination th, and even 9, j, ch, have been and are used instead of the letters of the 4th class. D is the sonorous counterpart of T, and is produced by applying the tip of the tongue to the superior incisive teeth and to their gum, while the tongue, obliquely rising, obstructs the passage of the breath; then by suddenly withdrawing this obstruction, while the larynx resounds (oscillates) during the passage of the air through the glottis, the sound in question is exploded. When the larynx does not thus resound, we utter the

after he had removed to Pesth, where in 1835 he was elected assistant librarian and keeper of the archives of the Hungarian academy, the monks found fault with the worldly character of some of his poetical writings, and he was compelled to relinquish his office and his public literary pursuits, and to become again an inmate of the monastery. In 1844 he became the editor of the academical dictionary, in which he had advanced to the letter I when the work was interrupted by the revolution of 1848. Czuczor embraced the popular movement with enthusiastic zeal, and became one of its martyrs, being sentenced in 1849 by the Austrians to 6 years' imprisonment, for his Riadó, a Hungarian Marseillaise. The president of the academy, Count Joseph Teleky, caused the irons with which he had been manacled to be taken off, and enabled him to resume his labors on the dictionary. After the capture of Buda, he was released from prison by the Hungarian army; but on the defeat of the revolution he preferred prison to exile, and gave himself up to the victors. He was transferred to the state prison of Kufstein, where he remained incarcerated until 1850, when he was pardoned. While at Kufstein, he devoted himself to his lexicographical labors and to a translation of Tacitus into Hungarian. His epical poems, the "Battle of Augsburg," the "Assembly of Arad," and "Hunyady," are among his most renowned productions. He has also published a translation of Sparks's "Life of Washington."

harder T. The l, r, are strictly lingui-dental, and d, t, 8, 2, denti-lingual. The Hebrew name daleth (whence the Greek delta), signifying door, gate, has nothing to do either with the nature of the sound or with the figure of the letter, being merely used on account of its beginning with this sound. The figure of the letter is more or less triangular, and more or less rounded, while in many so-called alphabets it is a mere angle or crook. In Slavonic it occupies (erroneously) the 5th place, in Ethiopic the 19th, or counting the Amharic additions, the 24th. Its hieroglyphs are the segment of a circle, an open hand, a beetle, which designate both T and D. Moreau de Dammartin derives the figure from the northern triangle, and from the little triangle in the head of the ram in the zodiac. In Arabic there are 4 modifications of it, to wit: dal (4, as a numeral sign), the 8th letter; dzal (700), the 9th; dhad (800), the 15th; and dha (900), the 17th; but in Cufic writing only the first is used. The Devanagari has two series of letters, each consisting of 5 (t, th, d, dh, n), one of which is named cerebral or lingual, and the other dental; most of the modes of writing employed in the middle and south of Asia follow this arrangement. In Mongolic and Man

TIT

Ꮎ

D Th

D

This scheme is illustrated in some of the following examples:

Gr. Ouyamp, Goth. dauhtar, old Ger. Tochtar, Eng. daughter. Gr. odovs, Goth. tunthus, old Ger. Zant, Eng. tooth, &c. Latin: quodannis and quotannis; tendo, tensum; prehendo, prehensum. Euphonic: prodes, ardpes, French gendre, &c., instead of pro-es, av-pes, gen-re, &c. Wallachian, zece, Lat. decem; si, dies; ors, hordeum. Ital. Trapani, Lat. Drepana. D is ejected from the following: Ital. aombrare, Lat. adumbrare; Po, Lat. Padus, &c.: Span. oir, caer, creer, Lat. audire, cadere, credere; so in the French ouir, Juif, sueur, Lat. audire, Judæus, sudor. L substituted for D: cicala, Lat. cicada; Span. cola, Lat. cauda; Portug. julgar, Lat. judicare; Ulysses, Odvoσeus; lacryma, Saxpu, &c. R substituted for D: meridies for medidies; armesariu for admissarius (stallion). D is lost in the following: Ital. d, pie, Lat. ad, pede, &c.; Span. fe, Lat. fides; cru, Lat. crudus. Ger. Theil, deal; gut, good; Gott, God; Blut, blood, &c. Ital. danzare, French danser, Ger. tanzen, Lat. tendere. Aldobrando, Ger. Alt-brandt; Tancredo, Dankrath, &c. Eng. ten, tooth, token; Lat. decem, dens, documentum; Ger. zehn, zahn, zeichen, &c. Ger. dick, thick; dünn, thin; Daum, thumb; der, die, das, the. Lat. participle passive, -atum, -itum; Eng. -ed; Span. -ado, -ido, &c. -D began to be used as a numeral sign for 500 about A. D. 1500, when the Dutch printers employed the I in the ancient CIƆ (M), 1,000, combining those signs in the figure of D. D was used by the Romans in the following abbreviations: D. for Decius, Dominus, Divus, Deus, Dictator, Dacia, Digestum, &c.; D. D. for Decemvirorum decreto; D. D. D. for Decemvirorum decreto datum, also for Dat, donat, dedicat; d. for die, dabam (I wrote), &c.; D. M., Diis manibus; D. O. M., Deo optimo maximo. With the Catholics D is the dominical letter when the 1st Sunday in January falls on the 4th.-On the reverse of European coins D indicates Lyons in France, Aurich and Düsseldorf in Prussia, Grätz in Austria.-D in music denotes the 2d interval of the present German and English diatonic scale, or the 3d string of the chromatic scale; this was the re of Guido Aretino, and is the la of the French.

DA CAPO, in music (abbreviated by the let ters D. C.), an Italian phrase signifying from the beginning, which is placed at the end of a piece to direct the performer to return to the beginning, and repeat the first strain.

DAA, LUDWIG KRISTENSEN, a Norwegian politician, born Aug. 19, 1809, filled an important position in the Norwegian parliament, became one of the leaders of the democratic party, founded in 1848 the Christiania Posten, and has published a Swedish-Norwegian dictionary, and various other works. He is an enthusiastic admirer of American institutions.

DACCA, a district of the presidency of Ben

gal, in British India, between lat. 23° 12' and 24° 17' N., and long. 90° 11' and 90° 58′ E.; area, 1,960 sq. m.; pop. 600,000. It is an almost entirely level country, traversed by numerous rivers, which abound with fish. Of wild animals, the district possesses the elephant, buffalo, tiger, bear, and leopard; of wild birds, the fishing eagle, vulture, kite, adjutant bird, and crane. The porpoise is seen in the large rivers, where the sharp-beaked crocodile and the bluntbeaked crocodile are also found. Snakes are numerous. The domestic animals are kine and buffaloes. The grain crops are not sufficient for the local consumption. Sugar, betel-nut, hemp, indigo, and other dyestuffs, are produced to some extent. The cotton product has considerably declined since the closing of the fine muslin manufactories at Dacca, and the attempts to introduce American cotton have not been successful, owing to the myriads of insects which destroy the bolls. The British authority was established consequent upon the grant of the dewanny, in 1765, but a small allowance continues to be made to the female connections and dependants of the last of the nawaubs of Dacca. In the N. part of Dacca are 2 distinct tribes, the Kunch and Rajbansi, more vigorous and daring than the rest of the population, which is about equally divided between Brahmins and Mussulmans; the latter, however, being considered more numerous. The projected line of the eastern Bengal railway intersects this district.DACCA, the capital of the above described district, is situated on the Burha Gunga, an arm of the Brahmapootra, 150 m. N. E. from Calcutta, and 116 m. E. S. E. from Moorshedabad; pop. estimated at less than 70,000, of whom more than half are Mussulmans. It was once a considerable and wealthy city, being the centre of the manufacture of the famous fine muslins exported hence to all parts of the world. The operation of spinning the almost impalpable threads for these goods was carried on entirely by hand, and could only be done in the morning before the dew was off the ground, or over running water. Young women spun with their fingers and a fine steel spindle. The muslins, named from their fineness abrawan, or "flowing water," and shabnam, or evening dew," were never imitated elsewhere, and were sold alone to princes and the very wealthy. With the decay of the Indian courts, the chief customers, the demand has ceased, and the manufacture has entirely stopped. Dacca exhibits at the present day little more than a vast expanse of ruins, extending for several miles along the river bank, and in many places overgrown with dense jungle, infested with snakes and wild beasts. The streets of the inhabited part are narrow and winding; the houses of the wealthier classes are built of brick, but the bazaars and the cottages of the poor are only thatched. The extensive citadel, situated on the western side of the town, and the magnificent palace built by Aurungzebe's grandson, Azim Ushaun, toward the close of the 17th century, are both in ruins.

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The city and suburbs are stated to possess 10 bridges, 13 landing places (ghats), 7 ferry stations, 12 bazaars, 3 public wells, a variety of buildings for fiscal and judicial purposes, a gaol and gaol hospital, a lunatic asylum, an Indian hospital, an elephant depot generally containing 200 to 300 elephants, 180 Mussulman mosques, 119 Brahminical temples, Anglican, Greek, Armenian, Catholic, and Baptist churches. The latter denomination maintains a missionary establishment and a number of schools. There is a college managed by a local committee, but under the control of the government. About $60,000 was paid over to the city in 1850, as a bequest of Mr. Robert Mitford, for the benefit of the poor native inhabitants. The climate here is not so hot as in other parts of India, owing to its being situated in a low, moist, and verdurous region of country. The unhealthy season is from Aug. 20 to Oct. 10. During the rest of the year the city and vicinity are salubrious. The military, however, stationed in the vicinity of the city, were removed in 1852, owing to the unhealthiness of the locality; but in 1857 there were 2 companies of the 73d regiment Bengal native infantry here, whom the authorities, on hearing of the rising at Chittagong, Nov. 18, resolved to disarm. This was not effected with out bloodshed. The Sepoys held some pieces of artillery, and a sharp contest took place at the barracks, from which they were finally driven out with loss by a few volunteers and 100 English sailors. The mutineers, after plundering several villages, hastened to Jelpigoree, the head-quarters of their regiment, where they were routed by their own comrades, and driven off to perish miserably in Bhotan.

DACCA JELALPOOR. See FUREEDPOOR. DACE, a name applied to several native and foreign cyprinoid fishes, belonging principally to the genus leuciscus (Klein), which, as far as the North American species are concerned, has been subdivided into the genera argyreus (Heckel), leucosomus (Heckel), plargyrus (Rafinesque), Richardsonius (Girard), luxilus (Raf.), semotilus (Raf.), mylocheilus (Agass.), algansea (Gir.), hybognathus (Agass.), ptychocheilus (Agass.), Hudsonius (Gir.), hybopsis (Agass.), clinostomus (Gir.), ceratichthys (Baird), and chondrostoma (Agass.). From this long array of new genera, it is evident that it will be impossible in this article to give any thing like a satisfactory account of the numerous species popularly called dace. For full particulars, the reader is referred to the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia," vol. viii. p. 165, Sept. 1856. The true leucisci are far more numerous in the old world than in the new. As a species of this genus may be mentioned the orange dace (L. croceus, Storer), about 3 inches long, of a greenish color, with the throat flesh-colored, an indistinct brown band on the side running longitudinally with a small black blotch at the end, and the fins orange; from Alabama. These genera belong to the malacopterygian or soft-rayed fishes; the mouth

is slightly cleft, the jaws weak and without teeth, and the pharyngeal bones toothed; the body scaly, one dorsal fin, and no adipose dorsal; sometimes with barbels on the head. The name of shiner is also given to many of the species called dace. The roach dace, or silvery dace (leucosomus pulchellus, Storer), is among the largest species, being sometimes 14 inches in length; the color is dark brown above, the upper portion of sides brassy green, lower portion and abdomen flesh color, with golden reflections; the head is black above, with the gill covers coppery, the upper jaw slightly the longer. It delights in eddies and pools, and is found from New York to Nova Scotia. It is synony mous with cheilonemus (Bd.), and has 5 described species; there is a small barbel upon the maxillary, near the angle of the mouth. The blacknosed dace (argyreus atronasus, Mitch.) rarely exceeds 8 inches in length, is found in the rivers of Massachusetts and New York, and is often called brook minnow. It is reddish brown above, abdomen silvery white, with minute brown blotches, a dark band passing from the nose to the tail. The natural characters of the genus are a snout more or less protruding beyond the lower jaw, with a small barbel at the angle of the mouth; it is synonymous with rhinichthys (Agass.). The long-nosed dace (4. nasutus, Ayres) is about 4 inches long, inhabiting rapid northern streams; it is dark brown above, white below, with the dorsal and caudal fins brownish. The smaller specimens of the last 2 species make excellent bait for large trout. Seven other species are described. The red dace (plargyrus cornutus, Mitch.), one of the prettiest of the American cyprinoids, is about 5 inches long, blackish brown above, with metallic reflections, sides brilliant and cupreous, all the fins and opercles margined with crimson; the jaws are equal, and there are no barbels on the head; the scales are very large and imbricated. This is a very active fish, is common in streams frequented by brook trout, and is frequently taken by fly-fishers for the latter species; it is often eaten in the British provinces, and is in the best condition in May. This genus is synonymous with hypsolepis (Bd.), and contains 6 other described species. The golden and flat dace belong to the genus luxilus (Raf.), and species L. Americanus (Lacép.), and L. compressus (Raf.); 5 other species are described; no barbels on the head.. The lake dace is semotilus atromaculatus (Mitch.), about 10 inches long; 4 other species are described. The north-west dace is mylocheilus caurinus (Rich.), about a foot long, discovered in the Columbia river; it has a maxillary barbel; there are 2 other species. The Columbia river dace is ptychocheilus Oregonensis (Rich.); it is more than a foot long, brownish above, silvery white below; there are 4 other species. The shining dace of Lake Champlain is hybognathus nitidus (De Kay), only 2 inches long; there are 4 other species. Storer's dace, a western species, about 8 inches long, is hybopsis Storerianus (Kirtland); there is also a southern

species (H. Winchelli, Gir.). The common dace of Europe is the leuciscus vulgaris (Cuv.), inhabiting the deep and still water of the streams of Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy; it rarely exceeds 10 inches in length; the prevailing color is dusky blue above, becoming paler on the sides, and white on the abdomen; cheeks silvery; dorsal and caudal fins pale brown; the other fins nearly white, tinged with pale red. They are gregarious, swimming in shoals, and spawning in June; they feed on worms and insects, but, like the trout, will rise at an artificial fly. The flesh is not much esteemed as food, and it is principally used as a bait for pike-trolling, on account of its silvery brightness. The shining scales of the roach and other dace are employed in the manufacture of artificial pearls, being attached to the inner surface of the transparent shell.

DACIA, a province of the Roman empire, bounded N. by the Carpathian mountains, which separated it from Sarmatia, S. by the Danube (Ister, Danubius), which separated it from Moesia, E. by the Pruth (Hierasus) and the Euxine, and W. by the Theiss (Tibiscus, Tysia). It thus comprised a part of Hungary, with the banat of Temesvár, Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia. According to some it included N. E. the Bukovina, and E. Bessarabia. Before the Roman conquest, which was the last aggrandizement of the empire in Europe, this country was the habitation of the Daci, a brave people, probably of Thracian race, called by historians the most warlike of men, and, according to some, identical with the Getæ, who at the time of Darius's Scythian expedition lived between the Balkan and the Danube. Strabo speaks of the Geta as living in the E., and of the Daci as living in the W. part of the country. In the reign of Augustus they crossed the Danube, plundered the allies of the Romans, and spread terror even among the latter, but were finally driven back into their own country. Under their king Decebalus they compelled Domitian, after a protracted struggle, to purchase an ignominious peace by an annual tribute. The emperor, however, decorated himself with the title of Dacicus. Trajan refused to pay the tribute, and renewed the war. Decebalus proved himself a rival not unworthy of this emperor, and ended the struggle with his life (A. D. 106), only after having exhausted every resource both of valor and policy. The new province was colonized by inhabitants from all parts of the empire, with whom the Romanic language of the modern Wallachians, both in Transylvania and the Danubian principalities, originated. Notwithstanding the resolution of the successors of Trajan to contract the limits of the empire, Dacia still remained one of its provinces. In the 3d century it was invaded by the Goths, and resigned to them by the emperor Aurelian, who removed the Roman inhabitants to Mosia, giving the name of Dacia to that part of the latter province in which they settled.

DAČIER, ANNE (LEFÈVRE), a learned French

woman, born in Saumur in March, 1654, died Aug. 17, 1720. She was the daughter of the distinguished scholar Tanneguy Lefèvre, and acquired her first instruction from overhearing the lessons given by her father to his son. Lefèvre, amazed at the extent of the information she had thus acquired, devoted every care to her education, and at his death, in 1672, she was one of the most accomplished scholars in Europe. In that year she went to reside in Paris, where in 1674 she published an edition of Callimachus. The reputation acquired by this work procured her an invitation to assist in editing the celebrated classical series Ad usum Delphini, ordered by Louis XIV. for the use of the dauphin. In the discharge of this duty she prepared editions of Florus, Eutropius, Aurelius Victor, Dictys Cretensis, and Dares Phrygius. In 1683 she was married to André Dacier, a man of learning not inferior to her own, and a favorite scholar of her father, under whose instruction they had for many years been fellow pupils. This union was called "the marriage of Greek and Latin." Two years afterward they both abjured Protestantism, and received from the king a pension of 2,000 livres. Madame Dacier thenceforth devoted herself no less assiduously to literary pursuits, and during the remainder of her life produced translations of several plays of Plautus, the whole of Terence, the Iliad and Odyssey of Homer, the "Plutus" and "Clouds" of Aristophanes, and the whole of Anacreon and Sappho. The translations from Homer involved her in a literary war with M. de la Motte and others, concerning the comparative merits of ancient and modern literature, which she conducted with ability and enthusiasm, if occasionally with warmth. She also assisted her husband in the translation of Marcus Antoninus and Plutarch's "Lives." She was distinguished for modesty and amiability, and amid her engrossing literary avocations neglected no domestic or maternal duties.-M. DACIER, born at Castres in 1651, was equally industrious as an editor and translator of classical authors. Among the works translated by him, in addition to those mentioned, were Aristotle's "Poetics," the "Edipus" and "Electra" of Sophocles, the works of Hippocrates and Horace, and some of Plato's dialogues. He was one of the scholars engaged in preparing the Delphin editions of the classics, and his only contribution to it was an edition of Pomponius Festus and Valerius Flaccus. He was keeper of the library of the Louvre, and a member of the French academy. He died 2 years after his wife, whose death left him almost inconsolable.

DACOTAH, or DAKOTA, a territory of the United States, lying between lat. 42° 30′ and 49° N., long. 96° 30' and 103° W., bounded N. by British America, E. by the states of Minnesota and Iowa, S. and W. by Nebraska; length from N. to S. about 450 m., average breadth about 200 m.; area, 70,000 sq. m.; pop. in 1858 estimated at 10,000, exclusive of Indians, but including about 4,000 half-breed settlers, who live chiefly by the