That the fum of 1978967. be granted for the rebuilding and repairs of Thips in 1750; and, after several debates on ways and means, it was refolved, and next day agreed, that three shillings in the pound be laid upon all lands, tenements, hereditaments, &c. for the year 1750. December 7. The Commons agreed to the report of the refolutions of yefterday, in the Committee on the fupply, that, for defraying the charge of the office of ordnance for land fervice in 1750, be granted the fum of 109259 1. 16 s. 6 d. and for defraying the extra expences of the faid office, not provided for by Parliament, the fum of 35448 7. 19 s. 10 d. December 8. Ordered that the Committee on the Land-tax bill be impowered to receive a claufe of credit, and another claufe to make good the deficiency of the Land-tax for the year 1748, out of the year 1750. December 13. The Commons paffed the bills for the Land-tax, and the reduction of the 4 per Cent. and three naturalization bills for Henry Joly, Charles Lindegren, and Germain Lavie. December 19. The Commons agreed to the amendments made by the Lords in the bill for naturalizing Thomas Abraham Ogier and Peter Henry Gauvain, and paffed the fame. December zo. His Majefty came this day to the Houfe of Peers, and gave his royal affent to the forementioned bills. After which the Houfe adjourn ed to the 9th of January next. January 12. Paffed a bill for naturalizing Engelbert Hake; and then it was refolved by the Committee on the fupply, and agreed to by the Commons on the 15th, That the following fums be granted to his Majefty, to make good his engagements with the Elector of Bava. ria, 22372 1. 3 s. 1 d. half-penny. For ditto with the Duke of Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle, 29993 l. 3 s. 7 d. For ditto with the Elector of Mentz, 80620 1. For widows of reduced Officers, married before the year 1716, 3374 For the reduced Officers, and private Gentlemen of the Horfe and Horseguards, and the fuperannuated Gentlemen of the four troops of Horse-guards, 51177. 11 s. 8 d. For out penfioners of Chelsea Hofpital for 1750, 49848 L. 7 s. 6 d. And alfo the fum of 15,000 /. out of the favings arifing from the contingencies of the army in the hands of the Paymafter-general. To replace to the finking fund the like fum paid out of the fame, to anfwer one year's interest due at Michaelmas, 1749, at 3 and a half per Cent. on one million lent on the falt duties towards the fupply of 1745, 35,000. To replace to ditto the like fum paid out of the fame, to make good the deficiency of the additional stamp duties at Christmas, 1748, 5183 l. 175, 8 d. To replace ditto the like fum paid out of the fame, to make good the deficiency of the duty on licences for retailing fpirituous liquors at Ladyday, 1749, 57241. 35. 9 d. To replace to ditto the like fum paid out of the fame, to make good the deficiency of the additional duties of wines at Midfummer, 1749, 7196 l. 4 s. 5 d. half-penny. To replace to ditto the like fum paid out of the fame, to make good the deficiency of the duty on fweets, &c. at Michaelmas, 1749, 133617. 105. I d. To replace to ditto the like fum paid out of the fame, to make good the deficiency of the duties on glass and fpirituous liquors at Midfummer, 1749, 215641. 2 s. 10 d. half-penny. For making good the deficiency at Chriftmas, 1749, of the duties on ditto, 39631 l. 6 s. 10 d. half-penny. Jan. 16. A bill paffed to enable Røger Mortlock, D. D. to take the name and bear the arms of Pettiward. [To be continued.] A gard A A good Method of making Cyder, communicated by a Gentleman in Gloucestershire. See the Cyder-Mill, P. 178. Vol. I. FTER grinding I fqueeze my apples very hard with a strong fcrew-prefs, wrought with a capftern, in hair-cloths, reeved or drawn into the form of a circular bag, by means of ftrings or loops, four or five bufhels at a time, in as many bags, with a round board, two inches thick, put between each bag: Thefe boards are made of inch plank nailed together crofs-grained. When the apples are one time squeezed, I order the cakes or cheeses to be rubbed to pieces, and ground and preffed over again; and, if this were to be repeated even a third time, it would answer the pains, for it would procure liquor enough to pay the wages of two men for a day; that is, to defray the charges of the labour of your Cyder-making, Twelve bu The Character of a COURTIER in Disgrace: Suited to the E was born with an afpiring the crown; fo that nothing was want H mind, by much too exalted for ing to render his felicity as lafting his quality and his eftate. He is determined, at all adventures, to gain the name of a Great Man, tho' he fhould be obliged to pursue the ways and means, to attain that end, which Mr. Fielding has accurately prescribed in his life of Jonathan Wild. And his dexterity in doing ill made him thought capable of performing admirably well, if ever he came to be employed and entrusted. He was preferred, for ability, to high degrees of honour and office; admitted into the Cabinet-councils; made acquainted with all the fecret wheels, and the coggs of each, upon which the engine of state was turned, and kept in motion; and, by the favour of an indolent Prince, he was permitted to acquire fufficient riches, on the fpoil of the fubject, to fupport the fplendor of a new-raised family; and even to raise himself to fuch a pinnacle of glory, that there feemed to be but very few perfons between him and as nature intended his life, but a heart that knew how to be grateful to a moft magnificent Benefactor; for this mush room of nobility thought all the favours and honours he enjoyed were lefs than the reward of his merit. That thought puffed him up with pride, and with fuch a pride, as is commonly attended with an irrevocable fall, which was his fortune; and at his fall (like that of his predeceffor) might very well have been proclaimed: Woe to you, the inhabitants of the earth, for the Devil is come down among you.' Thinking it too hazardous to attempt an open revenge against his Sovereign, he prefently refolves upon fecret. He expofes all the weaknesses and infirmities of the court, from which few courts are free; and, where he can fix no real faults, he feigns imaginary ones, and paffes them off for current. By this new and falfe optic, he represents every mole-hill of mistake, in the 3 the public administration, for a mountain, as tall as Ararat, and as dangerous as the top of mount Etna or Kefuvius. He even multiplies and magnifies the very mifcarriages which were the effect of his own evil counfel. He amufes the freeft nation in the univerfe with wild rumours, and extravagant apprehenfions of flavery, un der the government of a Prince, who, in acts of justice and mercy, has exceeded all his predeceflors. He fills the heads of the people with whimtical fears of phantaftic Devils (chimera's raised in his own hellish brains) on purpofe to frighten them out of their loyalty and wits, and, to prepare and ripen them for Bedlam and Rebellion. He makes the pretences of liberty the firrup to get up, and religion the fteed he rides, in purfuit of his monstrous defigns.-With thefe pretences he cheats the innocent; and, promifing to open their eyes, ferves them as the apoftate Angel did our parents in Paradife only blows into them the dust of difobedience, and T - robs them of those jewels, liberty and religion, he pretends to beftow; and are both much talked of, but little underftood. He becomes all things to all men, in the very wort of fenfes ; perverting the defign of St. Paul, that he may at leaft delude fome to be as bad as himself-And, having loft his honour with his Prince, and reputation with the best of the fubjects, he cringes and creeps, and fneaks to the loweft and bafeft of the people, to procure himself, amongst them, an empty, vain-glorious, and undeferved name, of, The patriot of his country. And, finally, centering all his hopes in being made the Little Head of the Great Rabble, he perfuades them to believe, that they are all betrayed; encourages them to ftrike home against the enemies of King and Kingdom (pointing at the faithfullest and most affectionate fervants to both) well knowing, that the mighty fabric can never be thaken, till its main pillars and fupporters be, by cunning and fly ftratagem, either deftroyed or undermined. lid bodies are continually afcending thither; and that we find by experiment, that there are feveral inflammable bodies, which, being mixed together in due proportion, will kindle into flame by fermentation alone, without the help of any fiery particles. The Causes of Thunder and Lightning, by the Rev. Mr. Rowning. HIS Rev. Divine and skilful Mathematician explodes the notion of thofe Philofophers, who maintain, that vapours are buoyed up into the air by particles of fire adhering to them; and fuppofe that from the particles of fulphur, nitre, and other combuftible matter, which are exhaled from the earth, and carried into the higher regions of the atmosphere, together with the afcending vapours, is formed an inflammable fubftance; which, when a fufficient quantity of fiery particles is féparated from the vapours by the collifion of two clouds, or otherwife takes fire, and fhoots out into a train of light, greater or lefs, according to the ftrength and quantity of the materials. And then adds, That we have no occafion to fly to fuch an hypothefis; for, as vapours exhaled from the furface of the water are carried up into the atmosphere; in like manner the effluvia of the fo [Thus M. Lemery, having covered up in earth about fifty pounds of a mixture, compofed of equal parts of fulphur, and filings of iron tempered with water; after eight or nine hours time, the earth, within which it laid, vomitted up flames.] Thus alfo mix a small quantity of gun-powder with oil of cloves; pour gently upon this mixture two or three times as much fpirit of nitre, and you will obferve a bright inflammation fuddenly arifing from it. A mixture of the two fluids alone will take fire; the powder is added only to augment the inflammation. He gives us fome other mixtures of a like fort, and proceeds: When there fore fore there happens to be a proper mixture of the effluvia of fuch bodies floating in the air, they ferment, kindle, and flathing like gun-powder, occafion thofe explosions, and ftreams of fire, which we call Thunder and Lightening. But, As to the particular fpecies of the effluvia, which compofe this mixture, it cannot be exactly determined; they however are thought to be chiefly fulphureous and nitrous. Sulphureous, becaufe of the fulphureous fmell, which Lightening generally leaves behind it, and of that fultry heat in the air, which is commonly the fore-runner of it; nitrous, because we don't know of any body fo liable to a sudden explosion as nitre is. The effects of Thunder and Lighten ing, (which is the thing that most concerns us) are owning to the fudden and violent agitation the air is put into thereby, together with the force of the explosion; and not to that vulgar notion of Thunderbolts falling from the clouds; and confequently the danger, which may happen from it, must be eftimated in proportion to its diftance from us; and the distance of the Thunder is to be judged of by the interval of time between our feeing the Lightening and hearing the Thunder. For as the motion of light is fo very quick, that the time it takes up in coming to us from the clouds, is not perceptible; and as the motion of found is about a thousand feet in a fecond, allowing a thousand feet for every fecond, that paffes between our seeing of one, and hearing of the other; we have the distance of the cloud, pretty nearly, from whence the Thunder comes. As to the flashes of Lightening, when the sky is clear and free from clouds ;they proceed from clouds that lie immediately below our horizon. And as Lightening is faid to have diffolved filver, without burning the purse it was in; and to have melted the sword, without touching the scabbard, and the like; our author fays, the occafion of this may poffibly be, that the matter of the exhalation may be fo fubtle and penetrating, that as we fee it happens with aqua fortis, or volatile falts, it paffes through foft bodies without altering their texture, while it spends its whole force on hard ones, in which it finds the greater res fiftance. See p. 156. Vol. V. where you have the caufe and effects of Lightening, and the generation of Hail by another hand. A FORM of a Certificate to be figned by a Majority of the Commiffioners of the ExCISE to exempt any of their Officers from ferving Parish, Ward, Corporation, or other civil Offices whatsoever, and from ferving on Juries, &c. T HESE are to certify whom it may concern, That there is a clause in the patent to us from his Majefty, in the words following, viz. And to the intent, that you the faid William Strong George Townsend, Philip Ryley, John Whetham, Edward Noell, Chriftopher Montague, Whitlock Bulstrode, William Carr, and John Prife, may be the better enabled to attend the execution of this our commiffion, and the truft in you repofed, and may not be withdrawn from the fame. WE do hereby declare our Will and Pleafure to be, That whilst this our Commiffion remains in force, you our faid Commiffioners hereby conftituted, or any of your Sub-colle&iors, Deputies, Officers, or Agents, fhall not be compelled to ferve as Mayors, or Sheriffs, or on any Jury, or to appear, or ferve at any Affize, or Seffions, or to bear any other publick Office or Employment And these are to certify, that A B. is employed by us (an affiftant Officer in the Brewery, or in any other branch to be mentioned exprefsly. Excife Office, London, July 12, 1750. E W. S. G. T. And An Account of HAMPSHIRE, or the County of SoUTHAMPTON. With a new and accurate MAP, Amphire, alias the county of Southampton, is bounded on the fouth by the British channel; on the eaft by Surry and Suffex; on the weft by Wiltshire and Dorfetfhire; and on the north by Berkshire. The hiftory of this county informs us, that the Aborigines were driven out of this, and fome other places on the coast, by the Belga, a people of Germany; who, having paffed over the Rhine, and poffefied them felves of a part of Gaul, failed over into Britain, to plunder and ravage the inhabitants; but, finding their land fruitful and pleafant, expelled the Britons, and fettled themfelves there; and that these new adventurers continued as colonies to the King of the Suefiones, whole fovereign Divitiacus is fuppofed to have favoured their expedition on the British fhore, before Cæfar made his attempt: and, as these Belge were a warlike people, it coft the Romans much fatigue, expence, and blood, before they could reduce this tract of land. Dio informs us, that Plautius and Vefpafian were fent by the Emperor Claudius against the Britons: and Suetonius adds, that Vefpafian, in that expedition, engaged the enemy thirty times; and was in one of them fo closely befieged by the Britons, that, had, not his fon Titus refcued him from imminent danger, he had been loft: but at length he brought under the ifle of Wight, and two other valiant people, of which thefe Belge are most likely to be one, because their country lies neareft, and juft oppofite to it. Upon the decline of the Roman power, we find that the Britons defended themselves, and repulfed the Saxons, for fixty years after their firft invation, under Hengift: but they were at laft obliged to fubmit to the fuperior force of Cherdick, the founder of the Weft-Saxon monarchy, who, in the beginning of the 6th century, landed in this county, at Chardford, which, the drawn from the best Authorities. antiquarians fay, is a contraction or corruption of Cerdicksford, and defeated ✰ Natanleod, the potent King of the Bri- ' tons, who governed in this part of the ifle, and reduced all the fouthern fhore, as far as the Dunmonij, to his dominion. And fo this county continued under the government of his facceffors, till Sigebert, King of the Weft-Saxons, being a cruel and vicious Prince, was depofed by his Nobles, and confined to the county of Southampton, with permiffion to act the part of a King in that part only: but, he ftill continuing in his former crimes, they deprived him of this fhadow of power alfo; and obliged him to betake himfelf to Andread's Would, in Sufex, for fafety where, being difcovered by a fhepherd, whofe mafter he had killed, for reproving him kindly for his faults, the faid fhepherd flew him, in revenge of his master's blood. The Saxons being in peaceable poffeffion of the country of the Belga, they divided it into three parts, Somersetfhire, Wiltshire, and Hamptonshire: but, in the reign of King Ethelbert, about the year 860, the bloody Danes again entered the land, and destroyed the whole country; in their way they facked, plundered, and burnt Wine chefter: but, Ofric, Earl of Hampton, affifted with the Berkshire men, attacked them in their retreat, routed them, recovered the fpoil of their country, and flew great numbers of thofe barbarous pirates. This county is in the diocefe of Winchester, and measures 170 miles. in circumference, containing about 1,312,500 acres of land, and 26,850 houfes, divided into 37 hundreds, 253. parishes, one city, eight boroughs, which fend each two Reprefentatives to Parliament, befides the two Knights for the fhire; eleven othermarket-towns, and 1062 villages, whofe inhabitants carry on an advantageous trade, in corn, cloth, cattle, wcol, hops, honey! bacon, &c. It lies in the western cir |