while a minister, drew on her the war of the empire. To JAMES MADISON. FORD ED., vi, 419. (1793.)

3432. GENET (E. C.), Washington and. -His inveteracy against the President leads him to meditate the embroiling him with Congress. To JAMES MADISON. iv, 75. FORD ED., vi, 439. (Nov. 1793.)

3433. -. Genet, by more and more denials of powers to the President and ascribing them to Congress, is evidently endeavoring to sow tares between them, and at any event to curry favor with the latter, to whom he means to turn his appeal, finding it was not likely to be well received by the people.-To JAMES MADISON. iv, 83. FORD ED., vi, 450. (G., Nov. 1793.) 3434. Genet has thrown down the gauntlet to the President by the publication of his letter and my answer, and is himself forcing that appeal to the people, and risking that disgust which I had so much wished should have been avoided. The indications from different parts of the continent are already sufficient to show that the mass of the republican interest has no hesitation to disapprove of this intermeddling by a foreigner, and the more readily as his object was evidently, contrary to his professions, to force us into the war. am not certain whether some of the more furious republicans may not schismatize with him. To JAMES MADISON. iv, 52. FORD ED., vi, 397. (Pa., Aug. 1793.)

I

3435. GENIUS, Encouraging.-For promoting the public happiness, those persons whom nature has endowed with genius and virtue, should be rendered by liberal education worthy to receive, and able to guard the sacred deposit of the rights and liberties of their fellow citizens; and they should be called to that charge without regard to wealth, birth, or other accidental condition or circumstance.-DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE BILL. FORD ED., ii, 221. (1779.)

3436. GENIUS, Higher.-Though * * * I am duly impressed with a sense of the arduousness of government, and the obligation those are under who are able to conduct it, yet I am also satisfied there is an order of geniuses above that obligation, and, therefore, exempted from it. Nobody can conceive that nature ever intended to throw away a Newton upon the occupations of a crown.

* Cooperating with nature in her ordinary economy, we should dispose of and employ the geniuses of men according to their several orders and degrees.-To DAVID RITTEN HOUSE. FORD ED., ii, 163. (M., 1778.) 3437. GEOGRAPHICAL LINES, Divisions on. A geographical division * is a most fatal of all divisions, as no authority will submit to be governed by a majority acting merely on a geographical principle.— To SAMUEL H. SMITH. FORD ED., x, 191. (M., 1821.) See MISSOURI.

* *

3438. GEORGE III., Appeal to.-No longer persevere in sacrificing the rights of one part of the empire to the inordinate desires of the other; but deal out to all equal and impartial right. Let no act be passed by any one legislature, which may infringe on the rights

and liberties of another. This is the important post in which fortune has placed you, holding the balance of a great, if a well-poised empire. This, Sire, is the advice of your great American council, on the observance of which may perhaps depend your felicity and future fame, and the preservation of that harmony which alone can continue, both to Great Britain and America, the reciprocal advantages of their connection. It is neither our wish nor our interest to separate from her. We are willing, on our part, to sacrifice everything which reason can ask to the restoration of that tranquillity for which all most wish. On their part, let them be ready to establish union on a generous plan. Let them name their terms, but let them be just. ***The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time: the hand of force may destroy but cannot disjoin them. This, Sire. is our last, our determined resolution. And that you will be pleased to interpose with that efficacy which your earnest endeavors may insure to procure redress of these our great grievances, to quiet the minds of your subjects in British America against any apprehensions of future encroachment, to establish fraternal love and harmony through the whole empire, and that that may continue to the latest ages of time, is the fervent prayer of all British America.-RIGHTS OF BRITISH AMERICA. i, 141. FORD ED., i, 446. (1774.)

cess.

3439. GEORGE III., Bitterness of.-His obstinacy of character we know; his hostility we have known, and it is embittered by ill sucIf ever this nation, during his life, enter into arrangements with us, it must be in consequence of events of which they do not at present see a possibility.-To RICHARD HENRY LEE. i, 541. FORD ED., iv, 207. (L., 1786.)

3440. GEORGE III., Control of.-His [George III.] minister is able, and that satisfies me that ignorance or wickedness, somewhere, controls him [the King]. *-To JOHN RANDOLPH. i, 203. FORD ED., i, 493. (Pa., 1775.) 3441. GEORGE III., Deposed.-Be it enacted by the authority of the people that George

Guelf be, and he hereby is, deposed from the kingly office within this government [of Virginia], and absolutely divested of all its rights, powers, and prerogatives: and that he and his descendants and all persons acting by or through him, and all other persons whatsoever shall be, and forever remain, incapable of the same and that the said office shall henceforth cease and never more, either in name or substance, be reestablished within this Colony.-PROPOSED VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION. FORD ED., ii, 12. (June 1776.)

3442. George Guelf has forfeited the kingly office, and has rendered it necessary for the preservation of the people that he should be immediately deposed from the same, and divested of all its privileges, powers and prerogatives.-PROPOSED VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION. FORD ED., ii, 12. (June 1776.)

3443. GEORGE III., Early reign of.

The following is an epitome of the first sixteen

years of his reign: The Colonies were taxed internally and externally; their essential interests sacrificed to individuals in Great Britain; their legislatures suspended; charters annulled;

Parton in his Life of Jefferson, p. 180, says: "This remark is interesting, as showing that Jefferson, at a time when the fact was not generally known, felt that a man of the calibre of Lord North was out of place in the cabinet of George III., and did not in his heart approve the King's policy."-EDITOR.

trials by jury taken away; their persons subjected to transportation across the Atlantic, and to trial before foreign judicatories; their supplications for redress thought beneath answer; themselves published as cowards in the councils of their mother country and courts of Europe; armed troops sent among them to enforce submission to these violences; and actual hostilities commenced against them. No alternative was presented but resistance, or unconditional submission. Between these could be no hesitation. They closed in the appeal to arms. They declared themselves independent States. They confederated together into one great republic; thus securing to every State the benefit of an union of their whole force.NOTES ON VIRGINIA. viii, 358. FORD ED., iii, 221. (1782.)

3444. GEORGE III., History and.— Open your breast, Sire, to liberal and expanded thought. Let not the name of George the Third be a blot on the page of history.RIGHTS OF BRITISH AMERICA. i, 141. FORD ED., i, 446. (1774.)

3445. GEORGE III., Injuries and usurpations.-The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of [unremitting]* injuries and usurpations [among which appears no solitary fact to contradict the uniform tenor of the rest, but all have] in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world [for the truth of which we pledge a faith yet unsullied by falsehood]. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS DRAWN BY JEFFERSON.

3446. GEORGE III., Lunacy.-The lunacy of the King of England is a decided fact, notwithstanding all the stuff the English papers publish about his fevers, delirium, &c. The truth is that the lunacy declared itself almost at once, and with as few concomitant complaints as usually attend the first development of that disorder To GENERAL WASHINGTON. ii, 534. (P., Dec. 1788.)

3447. GEORGE III., Ministers of.-You are surrounded by British counsellors, but remember that they are parties. You have no ministers for American affairs, because you have none taken from among us, nor amenable to the laws on which they are to give you advice. It behooves you, therefore, to think and to act for yourself and your people.-RIGHTS OF BRITISH AMERICA. i, 141. FORD ED., i, 446. (1774.)

3448. GEORGE III., Our bitterest enemy. It is an immense misfortune to the whole empire, to have a King of such a disposition at such a time. We are told, and everything proves it true, that he is the bitterest enemy we have. His minister is able, and that satisfies me that ignorance or wickedness, somewhere, controls him. In an earlier part of this contest, our petitions told him, that from our King there was but one appeal. The admonition was despised, and that appeal forced on

us.

To undo his empire, he has but one truth more to learn; that, after the Colonies have drawn the sword, there is but one step more they can take. That step is now pressed upon us. by the measures adopted, as if they were afraid we would not take it.-To JOHN RANDOLPH. i, 203. FORD ED., i, 492. (Pa., November 1775.)

* Congress struck out the words in brackets and substituted "repeated" for "unremitting", and "having" for "have".-EDITOR.

3449. GEORGE III., Perversity of.Our friend George is rather remarkable for doing exactly what he ought not to do.-To DR. RAMSAY. ii, 217. (P., 1787.)

3450. Has there been a better rule of prognosticating what he would do than to examine what he ought not to do?-To JOHN JAY. ii, 291. (P., 1787.)

3451. GEORGE III., Policy of.-I am pleased to see the answer of the King. It bears the marks of suddenness and surprise, and as he seems not to have had time for reflection, we may suppose he was obliged to find his answer in the real sentiments of his heart, if that heart has any sentiment. I have no doubt, however, that it contains the real creed of an Englishman, and that the word which he has let escape, is the true word of the enigma. "The moment I see such sentiments as yours prevail, and a disposition to give this country the preference, I will, &c." All this I stead ly believe. the condition is impossible. Our interest calls for a perfect equality in our conduct towards these two nations; but no preference anywhere. If, however, circumstances should ever oblige us to show a preference, a respect for our character, if we had no better motive, would decide to which it should be given.-To JOHN ADAMS. i, 436. (P., September 1785.)

But

3452. GEORGE III., Ruinous rule of.It is a subject of deep regret to see a great nation reduced from an unexampled height of prosperity to an abyss of ruin, by the long-continued rule of a single chief.-To MR. RODMAN. vi, 54. (M., April 1812.)

3453. GEORGE III., Rumored death of. We have a rumor that the King of England is dead. As this would ensure a general peace, I do not know that it would be any misfortune to humanity.-To HARRY INNES. iv, 315. FORD ED., vii, 412. (Pa., Jan. 1800.)

to

3454. GEORGE III., Services to America.—We have a blind story here [Paris] of King. No man upon earth has my prayers for somebody attempting assassinate your* his continuance in life more sincerely than he. He is truly the American Messias, the most precious life that ever God gave. And may God continue it. Twenty long years has he been laboring to drive us to our good, and he labors and will labor still for it, if he can be spared. We shall have need of him for twenty more. The Prince of Wales on the throne, Lansdowne and Fox in the ministry and we are undone ! We become chained by our habits to the tails of those who hate and despise us. I repeat it, then, that my anxieties are all alive for the health and long life of the King. He has not a friend on earth who would lament his loss as much and so long as I should.-To MRS. JOHN ADAMS. FORD ED., iv, 261. (P., 1786.)

*

*

3455. GEORGE III., Tyranny of.-He [George III.] has endeavored to pervert the exercise of the Kingly office in Virginia into a detestable and insupportable tyranny by abandoning the helm of government and declaring us out of his allegiance and protection.-PROPOSED VIRGINIA CONSTITUTION. FORD ED., ii, 12. (June 1776.)

3456. GEORGE III., Unfit to rule.A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a people who mean to be * Mrs. Adams was then living in London.-EDITOR

served, and distant, at least, if not backward? And whether, if they had yielded to those informal conferences which Talleyrand seems to have courted, the liberal accommodation you suppose might not have been effected, even with their agency? Your fellow citizens think they have a right to full information in a case of such great concernment to them. It is their sweat which is to earn all the expenses of the war, and their blood which is to flow in expiation of the causes of it. It may be in your power to save them from these miseries by full communications and unrestrained details, postponing motives of delicacy to those of duty. It rests with you to come forward independently; to make your stand on the high ground of your own character; to disregard calumny, and to be borne above it on the shoulders of your grateful fellow citizens; or to sink into the humule oblivion, to which the federalists (self-called) have secretly condemned you; and even to be happy if they will indulge your oblivion, while they have beamed on your colleagues meridian splendor.-TO ELBRIDGE GERRY. iv, 272. FORD ED., vii, 333. (Pa., Jan. 1799.)

3466. GERRY (Elbridge), Vice-Presidency. The resolution of the republicans of

*

* *

Connecticut to propose you as Vice-President, is a stamp of double proof. It is an indication to the factionaries that their nay is the yea of truth and its best test.-To ELBRIDGE GERRY. vi, 64. FORD ED., ix, 361. (M., 1812.) 3467. GILES (William B.), Hamilton resolutions.-Mr. Giles and one or two others were sanguine enough to believe that the palpableness of these resolutions rendered it impossible the House could reject them. Those who knew the composition of the House, 1, of bank directors; 2, holders of bank stock; 3. stock jobbers; 4, blind devotees; 5, ignorant persons who did not comprehend them; 6, lazy and good-humored persons, who comprehended and acknowledged them, yet were too lazy to examine, or unwilling to pronounce censure. The persons who knew these characters, foresaw that the three first descriptions making one-third of the House, the three latter would make one-half of the residue; and, of course, that they would be rejected by a majority of two to one. But they thought that even this rejection would do good, by showing the public the desperate and abandoned dispositions with which their affairs were conducted. The resolutions were proposed, and nothing spared to present them in the fulness of demonstration. There were not more than three or four who voted otherwise than had been expected.*-THE ANAS. ix, 139. 1793.)

FORD ED., i, 222. (March

3468. GLORY, Undying.-The road to that glory which never dies is to use power for the support of the laws and liberties of our country, not for their destruction.-To EARL OF BUCHAN. iv, 494. (W., 1803.)

3469. GOD, Gifts of.-The God who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time.RIGHTS OF BRITISH AMERICA. i, 142. FORD ED., i, 447. (1774.) See DEITY and PROVI

DENCE.

- GOLD.-See DOLLAR and MONEY.

* The resolutions, moved in the House of Representatives on February 28th, against Hamilton. They were negatived by a majority ranging between 40 to 33, to a minority varying from 15 to 7.-NOTE IN FORD EDITION.

3470. GOODRICH (Elizur), Removal of. -There is one [case] in your State [Connecticut] which calls for decision, and on which Judge Lincoln will ask yourself and some others to consult and advise us. It is the case of Mr. Goodrich, whose being a recent appointment, made a few days only before Mr. Adams went out of office, is liable to the general nullification I affix to them. Yet, there might be reason for continuing him; or if that would do more harm than good, we should enquire who is the person in the State who, superseding Mr. Goodrich, would from his character and standing in society, most effectually silence clamor, and justify the Executive in a comparison of the two characters. For though I consider Mr. Goodrich's appointment as a nullity in effect, yet others may view it as a possession and removal, and ask if that removal has been made to put in a better man? I pray you to take a broad view of this subject, consider it in all its bearings, local and general, and communicate to me your opinion.-To GIDEON GRANGER. FORD ED., viii, 44. (W., March 1801.) See BISHOP.

3471. GOVERNMENT, Abdication.He has abdicated government here, withdrawing his governors, and declaring us out of his allegiance and protection.*-DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS DRAWN BY JEFFER

SON.

3472. GOVERNMENT, Abolition of destructive.-We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with inherent and inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.-DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS DRAWN BY JEFFERSON.

*

*

3473. GOVERNMENT, Altering.-The proposition [of Lord North] is altogether unsatisfactory * * because it does not propose to repeal the * * acts of Parliament altering the form of government of the Eastern Colonies.-REPLY TO LORD NORTH'S PROPOSITION. FORD ED., i, 480. (July 1775.) 3474. He has combined, with others, * * * the forms of our governments.-DECLARATION for altering, fundamentally, OF INDEPENDENCE AS DRAWN BY JEFFERSON.

- GOVERNMENT, Ancient.-See ARIS