eschew error, which bewilders us in one false consequence after another, in endless succession.-To JOHN ADAMS. vii, 149. FORD ED., X, 153. (M., 1819.)

8608. TRUTH, Primary object.-Truth is the first object.-To DR. MAESE. v, 413. (W., 1809.)

8609. TRUTH, Propagation of.-Nor was it less uninteresting to the world, that an experiment should be fairly and fully made, whether freedom of discussion, unaided by power, is not sufficient for the propagation and protection of truth.-SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS. viii, 43. FORD ED., viii, 346. (1805.)

There is not a truth existing which I fear, or would wish unknown to the whole world.-To HENRY LEE. vii, 448. FORD ED., X, 389. (M., May 15, 1826.)

8620. TRUXTUN (Thomas), Medal for.

8610. TRUTH, Reason and.-No experi--I have considered the letter of the director

ment can be more interesting than that we are now trying, and which we trust will end in establishing the fact, that man may be governed by reason and truth. Our first object should therefore be, to leave open to him all the avenues to truth. The most effectual hitherto found, is the freedom of the press. l is, therefore, the first shut up by those who fear the investigation of their actions.-To JUDGE TYLER. iv, 548. (W., 1804.)

8611. TRUTH, Refreshing.-We, who are retired from the business of the world, are glad to catch a glimpse of truth, here and there as we can, to guide our path through the boundless field of fable in which we are bewildered by public prints, and even by those calling themselves histories. A word of truth to us is like the drop of water supplicated from the tip of Lazarus's finger. It is as an observation of latitude and longitude to the mariner long enveloped in clouds, for correcting the ship's way.-To JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. vii, 87. (M., 1817.)

8612. TRUTH, Self-evident.-We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with inherent* and inalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.-DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AS DRAWN BY JEFFERSON.

8613. TRUTH, Self-reliant.-It is error alone which needs the support of government. Truth can stand by itself.-NOTES ON VIRGINIA. viii, 401. FORD ED., iii, 264. (1782.) 8614. TRUTH, Strength of.-Truth will do well enough if left to shift for herself. She seldom has received much aid from the power of great men to whom she is rarely known and seldom welcome. She has no need of force to procure entrance into the minds of men.-NOTES ON RELIGION. FORD ED., ii, 102.

(1776?)

8615. TRUTH, Suppression of.-Truths necessary for our own character, must not be suppressed out of tenderness to its calumniators. To PRESIDENT MADISON. vi, 452. FORD ED., ix, 512. (M., 1815.)

8616. TRUTH, Unfeared.-There is not a truth on earth which I fear or would dis* Congress struck out "inherent and" and inserted certain ".-EDITOR.

of the mint stating the ease with which the errors of Commodore Truxtun's medal may be corrected on the medal tself and the unpracticability of doing it on the die. *** A second law would be required to make a second die or medal. *** It certainly may be as well or better done by the graver, and with more delicate traits. I remember it was the opinion of Doctor Franklin that where only one or a few medals were to be made it was better to have them engraved. The medal being corrected, the die becomes immaterial, that has never been delivered to the party, the medal itself being the only thing voted to him. I say this on certain grounds, because I think this and Preble's are the only medals given by the United States which have not been made under my immediate direction. The dies of all those given by the old Congress, and made at Paris, remain to this day deposited with our bankers at Paris. That of General Lee, made in Philadelphia, was retained in the mint.-To JACOB CROWNINSHIELD. v, 300. (1808.)

8621. TUDE (M. A. de la), Imprisonment.-De la Tude comes sometimes to take family soup with me, and entertains me with anecdotes of his five and thirty years' imprisoninent. How fertile is the mind of man, which can make The Bastile and dungeon of Vincennes yield interesting anecdotes! You know this [imprisonment] was for making four verses on Madame du Pompadour. *-To MRS. COSWAY. ii, 42. FORD ED., iv, 322. (P., 1786.)

8622. TURKEY, Decline of army.-The Turks have lost their warlike spirit, and their troops cannot be induced to adopt the European arms. To JAMES MONROE. i, 358. FORD ED., iv. 65. (P., 1785.)

8623. TURKEY, Greeks and.-It has been thought that the two imperial courts [Austria and Russia] have a plan of expelling the Turks from Europe. It is really a pity so charming a country should remain in the hands of a people, whose religion forbids the admis

We

sion of science and the arts among them. should wish success to the object of the two empires, if they meant to leave the country in possession of the Greek inhabitants. We might then expect, once more, to see the language of Homer and Demosthenes a living language. For I am persuaded the modern Greek would eas ly get back to its classical models. But this is not intended. They only propose to put the Greeks under other masters: to substitute one set of barbarians for another.-To DR. STILES. i, 365. (P., 1785.)

8627. TYLER (John), Judge.-Judge John Tyler is an able and well read lawyer, about 59 years of age. He was popular as a-I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal judge, and is remarkably so as a governor, for his incorruptible integrity, which no circumstances have ever been able to turn from its course. It will be difficult to find a character of firmness enough to preserve his independence on the same bench with Marshall. Tyler, I am certain, would do it, * and be a counterpoint to the rancorous hatred which Marshall bears to the government of his country, and * * * the cunning and sophistry within which he is able to enshroud himself.-To PRESIDENT MADISON. FORD ED., ix, 275. (1810.)

8640. TYRANNY, Rebellion against.-uniform, catholic and orthodox, what a world Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God.MOTTO ON JEFFERSON'S SEAL, Domestic Life of Jefferson, title page. See LANGUAGES, PURISM.

dissolution of the Union, and for setting in be an incurable evil, because near friends fallhostile array one portion of our citizensing out, never reunite cordially; whereas, all against another, would require to be viewed of us going together, we shall be sure to cure under a more serious aspect. It would prove the evils of our new Constitution before they indeed that it is high time for every friend do great harm.-To A. DONALD. ii, 356. (P., to his country, in a firm and decided manner, 1788.) to express his sentiments of the measures which government has adopted to avert the impending evils, unhesitatingly to pledge himself for the support of the laws, liberties and independence of his country; and with the * * * republicans of Connecticut, to resolve that, for the preservation of the Union, the support and enforcement of the laws, and for the resistance and repulsion of every enemy, they will hold themselves in readi-Our lot has been cast by the favor of ness and put at stake, if necessary, their lives and fortunes, on the pledge of their sacred honor.-R. TO A. CONNECTICUT REPUBLICANS. viii, 169. (1809.)

8653. The times do certainly render it incumbent on all good citizens, attached to the rights and honor of their country, to bury in oblivion all internal differences, and rally around the standard of their country in opposition to the outrages of foreign nations. All attempts to enfeeble and destroy the exertions of the General Government, in vindication of our national rights, or to loosen the bands of union by alienating the affections of the people, or opposing the authority of the laws at so eventful a period, merit the discountenance of all.-To GOVERNOR TOMPKINS. viii, 153. (1809.)

8655. UNION (The Federal), Bond of.The sacred bond which unites these States together.-R. TO A. PHILADELPHIA CITIZENS. viii, 144. (1809.)

8656. UNION (The Federal), Cement of the. The cement of this Union is in the heart-blood of every American. I do not believe there is on earth a government established on so immovable a basis.-TO MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, vi, 425. FORD ED., ix, 509. (M., 1815.)

8657. UNION (The Federal), Cherish.[Our] Union cannot be too much cherished.— REPLY TO ADDRESS. viii, 114. (1802.)

8658. Cherish every measure which may foster our brotherly Union and perpetuate a constitution of government, destined to be the primitive and precious model of what is to change the condition of man over the globe.-To EDWARD LIVINGSTON. vii, 344. FORD ED., X, 301. (M., 1824.)

8659. UNION (The Federal), Constitution and. We must take care that * * * no objection to the new form [Constitution] produces a schism in our Union. This would

8660. UNION (The Federal), Constitutional encroachments and.-When obvious encroachments are made on the plain meaning of the Constitution, the bond of Union ceases to be the equal measure of justice to all its parts. To ARCHIBALD STUART. FORD ED., V, 454. (Pa., 1792.)

8661. UNION (The Federal), Cultivate.

heaven in a country and under circumstances highly auspicious to our peace and prosperity, and where no pretence can arise for the degrading and oppressive establishments of Eutinctions flow only from public approbation; rope. It is our happiness that honorable disand that finds no object in titled dignitaries fully to guard this happy state of things, by and pageants. Let us, then, endeavor careof wealth and ambition to the republican prinkeeping a watchful eye over the disaffection ciples of our Constitution, and by sacrificing all our local and personal interests to the cultivation of the Union, and maintenance of the authority of the laws.-R. TO A. PENNA. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS. viii, 163. (1809.)

8662. UNION (The Federal), Dissolution of. I can scarcely contemplate a more incalculable evil than the breaking of the Union into two or more parts.-To PRESIDENT WASHINGTON. iii, 363. FORD ED., vi, 4. (1792.)

8663.

I have been among the most sanguine in believing that our Union would be of long duration. I now doubt it much, and see the event at no great distance, and the direct consequence of this question; [Missouri] not by the line which has been so confidently counted on, the laws of nature control this, but by the Potomac, Ohio and Missouri, or, more probably, the Mississippi upwards to our northern boundary. My only comfort and confidence is, that I shall not live to see this; and I envy not the present generation the glory of throwing away the fruits of their fathers' sacrifices of life and fortune, and of rendering de perate the experiment which was to decide ultimately whether man is capable of self-government. This treason against human hope will signalize their epoch in future history as the counterpart of the medal of their predecessors. To WILLIAM SHORT. vii, 158. (M., 1820.)

spired of proof that a government of reason is better than one of force.-To RICHARD RUSH. vii, 183. (M., 1820.)

8665. UNION (The Federal), Europe and.—Let us cling in mass to our country and to one another, and bid defiance, as we can if united, to the plundering combinations of the old world.-TO DR. GEORGE LOGAN. vii, 20. (M., 1816.)

8666. UNION (The Federal), Expansion and. Our present federal limits are not too large for good government, nor will the increase of votes in Congress produce any ill effect. On the contrary, it will drown the little divisions at present existing there. Our confederacy must be viewed as the nest, from which all America, North and South, is to be peopled. We should take care, too, not to think it for the interest of that great Continent to press too soon on the Spaniards. Those countries cannot be in better hands. My fear is, that they are too feeble to hold them til our population can be sufficiently advanced to gain it from them, piece by piece. The navigation of the Mississippi we must have. This is all we are as yet ready to receive.-TO ARCHIBALD STUART. i, 578. FORD ED., iv, 188. (P., Jan. 1786.)

8667. UNION (The Federal), Family of States. I sincerely wish that the whole Union may accommodate their interests to each other, and play into their hands mutually as members of the same family, that the wealth and strength of any one part should be viewed as the wealth and strength of the whole. To HUGH WILLIAMSON. FORD ED., vii, 201. (Pa., Feb. 1798.)

ence of that time, between certain foreign agents and citizens of the United States. In the first or second year of the administration of President Adams, Andrew Ellicott, then employed in designating, in conjunction with the Spanish authorities the boundaries be

tween the territories of the United States and Spain, under the treaty with that nation, communicated to the Executive of the United States papers and information respecting the subjects of the present inquiry, which were deposited in the office of State. Copies of these are now transmitted to the House of Representatives, except of a single letter and a reference from the said Andrew Ellicott, which being expressly desired to be kept secret, is, therefore, not communicated, but its contents can be obtained from him in a more legal form, and directions have been given to summon him to appear as a witness before the court of inquiry. [Wilkinson court of inquiry.] A paper "on the commerce of Louisiana", bearing date of the 18th of April, 1798, is found in the office of State, supposed to have been communicated by Mr. Daniel Clark, of New Orleans. then a subject of Spain, and now of the House of Representatives of the United States, stating certain commercial transactions of General Wilkinson, in New Orleans; an extract from this is now communicated, because it contains facts which may have some bearing on the questions relating to him. The destruction of the War Office, by fire, in the close of 1800, involved all information it contained at that date. The papers already described, therefore, constitute the whole information on the subjects, deposited in the public offices, during the preceding administrations, as far as has 8668. UNION (The Federal), Foreign yet been found; but it cannot be affirmed that plots against.-The request of a communi- there may be no others, because the papers of cation of any information, which may have the office being filed, for the most part, albeen received at any time since the establish- phabetically, unless aided by the suggestion ment of the present [Federal] Government, of any particular name which may have given touching combinations with foreign nations such information, nothing short of a careful for dismembering the Union, or the corrupt examination of the papers in the offices genreceipt of money by any officer of the United erally, could authorize such affirmation. States, from the agents of foreign govern- About a twelvemonth after I came to the adments, can be complied with but in a partial ministration of the government, Mr. Clark degree. It is well understood that, in the first gave some verbal information to myself, as or second year of the presidency of General well as to the Secretary of State, relating to Washington, information was given to him the same combination for the dismemberment relating to certain combinations with the of the Union. He was listened to freely, and agents of a foreign government for the dis- he then delivered the letter of Governor Gamemberment of the Union; which combina-goso, addressed to himself, of which a copy tions had taken place before the establishment is now communicated. After his return to of the present Federal Government. This New Orleans, he forwarded to the Secretary information, however, is believed never have been deposited in any public office, or left in that of the President's secretary, these having been duly examined, but to have been considered as personally confidential, and therefore, retained among his private papers. A communication from the Governor of Vir-office. A letter, therefore, has been addressed ginia to General Washington, is found in the to the former chief clerk, who may, perhaps. office of the President's secretary, which, give information respecting them. As far as though not strictly within the terms of the our memories enable us to say, they related request of the House of Representatives, is only to the combinations before spoken of, communicated, inasmuch as it may throw and not at all to the corrupt receipt of money some light on the subjects of the correspond-by any officer of the United States; conse

to

of State other papers, with a request, that, after perusal, they should be burned. This. however, was not done, and he was so informed by the Secretary of State, and that they would be held subject to his order. These papers have not yet been found in the