cheerful steps over her checkered pathway, bearing her light with her a light which still shines though she be gone; shines in the influences of a life bright in patience, faith, and Christ-born earnestness.

THE REV. MR. COOKE'S WORK.

I acknowledge the receipt of the following contributions to Mr. Cooke's work during February: Mem ber of St. Luke's, Norfolk, Va. $5; Mrs. Emma Chase, Petersburg, Va.. $1; The Rev. J. C. Laverty, Fort Elliott, Texas, $25; S. G. Starr, Fort Supply, Indian Ter., $20; Spencer Gay. Nottoway C.B., Va.,$15. Total. $66. Also, one package. Miss Cammann, Trinity church, Geneva, N. Y.. 1 barrel, St. Paul's, Malden, Mass WM. L. ZIMMER, Treasurer. Petersburg, Va., March 1, 1885.

DOMESTIC & FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY,
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SYSTEMATIC OFFERING PLAN.

communications, should be addressed to the Rev.
All inquiries, requests for interviews and other
F. B. CHETWOOD, Agent, 26 Bible House, New York.

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The Churchman.

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THE COLORED PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH
AND THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

lies with us and not with them.

But it is said that their prominent men have not asked for such help as I suggested in my resolutions in General Convention and in the Texas council. But why have they not? Simply because they have been told by the bishops and prominent presbyters all over the South that to ask it would be worse than useless-would delay any help to them. They have asked meekly what they were told that they might possibly get. Let them feel that there is a chance for more; let them but know how many there are all over the South who are ready to do them good in their own way, and the tenor of their asking will be of quite another sort.

To the Editor of THE CHURCHMAN:
After more than a quarter of a century's
residence in the South, I may, perhaps, be
pardoned for both having and expressing some
pretty strong convictions as to the duties (and
methods) of the Church in connection with
our colored population. For twenty years I
have had but one opinion in the matter, and
although I have found many persons agreeing
with me in private conversation, I have but
just now seen the first newspaper article doing
We shall never make Church people of the
So. I refer to the letter of Dr. Morrell of negroes of the South until we give them col-
Knoxville, in the Standard of the Cross of ored Church schools, colored deacons, colored
January 1st, in which he says: "The ulti-presbyters, and colored bishops. In fact until
matum is an educated colored ministry in all we help them to do the work themselves and
its orders-bishops, presbyters, and deacons—
as soon as it can be established, and the sooner
the leaders in the councils of the Church real-tions.
ize this, the sooner they will fall into line in

'the march of Providence."

It was with a view to action looking in that direction that I introduced, early in the session of the last General Convention, a resolution touching the question of the action of the Church in this matter; and, although it was not afterwards called up, the failure to do so was not from any doubt as to its merits, but, first, because the convention was crowded with its important work upon the Prayer Book, and, second, because ill-health compelled me to leave the convention before its close.

And at this time there is pending in the Diocese of Texas, as unfinished business, laid over for further discussion and action at the next council, a resolution instructing the deputies from this diocese to move for such action in the next General Convention as shall eventually secure such a result.

And now a word in regard to this matter. With the exception of the friendly words of Bishop Gregg, during the debate in our last Diocesan Council, I have never heard a word uttered or seen a word printed from the lips or pen of an American bishop favorable to giving the colored people, as far as possible, the control of their own Church interests, with the ministry and episcopate from their own people. And why not? The answer of our bishops has been that they are sent to all alike; that these people are their charge, etc. My answer is: Well, then, you have never succeeded in going where you are sent, nor in taking care of those given you in charge. In the face of a terrible failure, it is sheer nonsense to set up any such claim. In a very few localities the little that had been done by the influence of slave control, under the old system, has not died out, and there we are still holding a little influence over their children. But, as a whole, the history of our Church in America has been one of failure towards the colored race. And anybody who knows them knows also that, without radical change in her methods, it will forever continue to be so.

And why? Have our bishops all been direlict in duty towards them? Have our ministers had no anxieties on their account? Have our laymen done no Church work in their behalf? To say so would be as untruthful as it would be monstrous if true. What then? Why simply we have tried to do an impossible work. We have tried to do a work for them in our way and not in theirs. We have treated them as though we had the right to decide not only what they should have but how they should receive it. And as a body they have so far, and always will refuse us and our Church upon such terms. There never was a time when we could do much good to them upon any such plan of work. And whatever little chance there was once is long since past. No Church can do them any good. No Church can even gain a hearing that degrades them below the manhood that the State has now so long recognized them as possessing.

No Episcopal prerogative, no ministerial pride or ambition, no race superiority has any shadow of right to stand in the way of good,

in their own way.

This appeals to the common sense of all secBut it appeals most potently to this section, where the people and their peculiari

ties are known.

what purely pertains to territorial regulations of discipline, etc. What was the great question which brought these councils together? Attacks on the Incarnation. The Council of

Chalcedon met to assert the orthodox faith of the union of the divine with human nature of Christ, and to condemn the Monophysites in the person and opinions of Eutyches. Surely it was not to establish as unchangeable ecclesiastical affairs, such as liturgies, rules of discipline, etc. These were mere secondaries, and territorially limited-lighter matters," says an able canonist, "which human reason and expediency only considered."

or societies

con

or

I am sure our great Anglican Reformed Church would have a lively time of it, indeed, were the whole body of canon laws of "the first four undisputed general councils " cerning such things upheaved on her bosom ! What does her noble son, Hooker, say of laws mutable and immutable? The positive laws of God are unchangeable. The Creed is forever. But, On the other side," he writes, "laws that were made for men churches, in regard of their being such, as they do not always continue, but may perhaps be clean otherwise a while after, and so may require to be otherwise ordered than before; the laws of God Himself, which are of this nature no man endued with common sense will ever deny to be a different constitution from the former, in respect of the one's constancy and the mutability of the other." Based Article, which we all ought read over. upon this might be placed the Thirty-fourth

J. BRYAN PURCELL. Mount Washington, February 20th, 1885.

WHO FIRST TRANSLATED THE WHOLE
BIBLE INTO ENGLISH ?

To the Editor of THE CHURCHMAN:

Lechler's great work, "John Wiclif and his
If my friend, Mr. De Mille, will read Prof.
English Precursors," or the preface to Forshall
and Madden's "
Bible," the two best authorities on the subject,
Wycliffite Versions of the
he will no longer be in doubt as to whom to
ascribe the credit of the first English transla-
tion of the Bible. The work of Forshall and
Madden was the fruit of twenty-two years'
research and examination of manuscripts, and
their judgment that Wiclif first gave the
Bible to the English people, is conclusive with
all reasonable men, and is, in fact, at present
Trevisa's translation is a myth. Fuller did
universally accepted by scholars. John de
not have all the evidence before him, and was
mistaken, as were some other scholars of two
or three centuries ago.

It is worth while noticing the curious results of the full application of the argument of Dr. Hopkins upon the above subject. The Oecumenical Council of Chalcedon enacted not only its own thirty canons, but it also affirmed and enjoined the catena of the Councils of Ancyra, Neocaesarea, Gangra, Antioch, and Laodicea, giving them the same authority as the general council. The first canon of Chalcedon runs, "We have thought it right that the canons which have been issued by the holy fathers in each synod up to the present time, should continue in force." These canons, as is well-known, had been previously codified and generally accepted as common law. The Oecumenical Council endorses and enjoins them. Now, inasmuch, as among these canons are found those enjoining the deposition of a presbyter from his office, if he marry, (Neocaes. Can. I.) penance upon any layman "Before marrying a second wife, (Canon III.) the Wiclif's time there was no English translation Lechler, in summing up, says: people at large forbidden to have any voice in of the Bible in existence. élections to the sacerdotal order, (Canons first to conceive the great idea, then entirely Wiclif was the Laodic. XIII.) it is quite evident, Dr. Wilson new, of a translation of the whole Bible, and to the contrary, notwithstanding, that the of the Bible for the use of the whole people." Anglican and American Churches have ventured to supersede and entirely set aside these enactments. Furthermore, however, "lively a time" the convention may have that repeals any express law of the General Councils, such a time should have followed that one To the Editor of THE CHURCHMAN: of 1801, when the Articles of Religion as by the American Church established, declared, (Article XXXIV.) "Every particular or national Church hath authority to ordain, change or abolish, ceremonies or rites of the Church ordained only by man's authority;" emphasizing this declaration by Article XXXII., which absolutely denies the first canon of Neocaesarea, and affirms the full freedom of will and choice in marriage to the priesthood, as for any Christian men, to better godliness. R. WHITTINGHAM.

To the Editor of THE CHURCHMAN :

I have no desire to entertain controversy, but to add my individual opinion as to the free assumption of your learned correspondent in THE CHURCHMAN of February 21st, whose gifts I appreciate. He gratuitously informs us that his discovery "settles the whole matter," because he advances oecumenical authority to

ALBERT WOOD. Rochester, N. Y., February 26th, 1885.

Your correspondent, the Rev. J. H. Hobart De Mille, asks the question, "Who first translated the whole Bible into English?" Doubtless John Wiclif. Abundant proof of this has been furnished from time to time in the columns of THE CHURCHMAN; it may be found at considerable length in the Prolegomena of Forshall and Madden's "Wiclif," and in more concise form, in my "Handbook of the English Versions," and the Prolegomena of "William Tyndale's Five Books of Moses, called the Pentateuch," reviewed in the last two numbers of THE CHURCHMAN.

Bishop Wilson's account of the labors of John de Trevisa is correct; Fuller's, based on a rash assertion made by Sir Thomas More, is notoriously inaccurate; that " master-piece" he never saw, nor any one else, for the excellent reason, that it never was made.

J. I. MOMBERT. Paterson, N. J., February 27th, 1885.

NEW

BOOKS.

THE ANTE-NICENE FATHERS. Translations of the

not the writer, and that he must preserve a pride," but Chatterton lived in another era, judicial mind. Even in commenting upon the when there was no recognition of genius, and Poe wrote for periodiWritings of the Fathers, down to A.D. 825. The epistles of Ignatius, no trace will be found of no public to reward it. and Rev. Alexander Roberts, D.D., and James Donald- professional or denominational bias. We com-cals which he made to prosper greatly, son, LL.D., Editors. American Reprint of the mend the volume and the undertaking in the lived and died in poverty. His story is not Edinburgh Edition. Revised and Chronologically Arranged, With Brief Prefaces and Occasional very highest terms. No such edition of these an exceptional one; it is that of every one of Notes. By A. Cleveland Cox9, D.D. Volume I. works was ever before published, and no the authors whom America holds highest. Not The Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus. Buffalo: The Christian Literature Publishing clergyman, student, or layman can afford to one of them has made a living by the pen Company. 1885.] pp. 603. do without them; they speak for the faith of alone, while the proprietor of a popular weekly We have here a substantial volume in double the Church in its purest age. Monsignor can vie with the kings of the money market columns, on good paper, with large, clear type Capel has been recently republishing Bering- in the purchase of the fleetest horses known to and strongly bound, with full indexes to sub-ton's garblings of the ancient Fathers, hoping the turf. It shows that there is really no apto hood-wink the American mind, and by way preciating public for which a man can do his of answer, though it was not so originally best. Business men, as publishers and editors, designed, we can point to this edition of the can, of course, regard only that which suits Ante-Nicene Fathers, who are allowed to speak their market, but an American public which their own words and to give their own testi- demands the best, and will have it, is not as yet to be found on any large scale. This was mony to the truth of God. the case in England a century ago, just ere the marvellous awakening of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. We doubt not that a better day will come. We see the signs of its coming already; but we see, also, that the men who opened the way for an American literature were the men who sacrificed their best powers, and often their dearest hopes, in

EDGAR ALLAN POE. (American Men of Letters.")
By George E. Woodberry. [Boston: Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.] pp. 354. Price $1.25.

the effort.

THE MONEY-MAKERS. A Social Parable.
York: D. Appleton & Co.] pp. 337.

[New

jects and to texts, and it is perhaps unique in the fact that for the first time the three great primary witnesses for the truth as it was held in the first century, the Apostolic Fathers, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus, are found within the same covers. The volume is the first of a series, eight in number, which is to contain the writings of all the Ante-Nicene Fathers down to the year of the first General Council at Nice, A.D. 325. The text is that of the There have been several lives of Poe, and Edinburgh edition of T. & T. Clark, published this one is an attempt, evidently made with nearly twenty years ago, and edited by Drs. great care, to give the true facts of a history Roberts and Donaldson, who availed themselves not a little complicated and obscure. It was of all modern helps and gave us a good, but by made more so by Poe's reckless disregard of no means a perfect text. As Scotch Presby- truth in his personal statements, and by the terians they could not be in entire sympathy great variation in the impression he made at with their authors, and it is not to be won- different times and upon different people. His dered at if they sometimes made strange mis- was emphatically a double life-fascinating to Query, Why on monument? J. M." So akes which call for correction, while at the those who loved him, repellent to those with wrote Miss Julia Mills in "David Copperfield.' ame time there is this advantage that their whom he came in collision. Mr. Woodberry So we are moved to annotate on our copy of text will not be suspected of any undue "pre- has done his work very honestly and impar-"The Money-Makers," "Why parable ?" latical" bias. There is another defect in the tially, and rests his statements very much on There is nothing of the parable about it. Its Edinburgh edition, and which would seem to documentary evidence. The truth cannot be whole merit lies in being a thinly veiled indicate a want of proper judgment on the part denied that while Poe was a genius, he was description of real life. The principal names of the editors: They have reprinted the also a charlatan. He pretended to a learning in it, including those of the newspapers, are Fathers without the least regard to chrono- which he did not possess. He was bitterly perfectly transparent. It is a bitter arraignlogical or topical classification, authors are severe upon plagiarism, and borrowed without ment of American society, business, journaltorn apart and distributed at random as con- stint. He used his own writings over and ism, and politics. The whole force of this venience dictated, and, as a necessary conseover again in a way that makes us wonder at depends upon the truth of the statements. If quence, confusion has taken the place of clear- the long suffering of editors and publishers. leading newspapers are bought and sold, if ness in the testimony, and rendered it more He let his personal resentments carry him independent journalists are crushed, if the liable to be misunderstood. Then, too, the away in his criticisms. He often greatly over- post-office department lends itself to the Edinburgh edition was too expensive to allow estimated his own powers. Yet, for all this, malice of wealthy men, as described in these it to come into general use. - It was in twenty- he was, in the main, a sound critic, with a pages, then the book is open to a defence. four volumes, and its cost was seventy-two very fervent admiration for that which was But if no such incidents ever happened, and dollars, which to many of the clergy, not to good. His services to American literature are only the writer's dream of what might speak of the laity, was like the price for which were very great, and were, even by the inade- happen if millionaires were but irresponsible St. Paul obtained his freedom: a great sum. quate American standard, very poorly paid. enough to will it, and conscienceless enough Under these circumstances a new and a more He wrote much that can only be described as to wish it, then this book becomes a libel. accessible edition of the Ante Nicene Fathers hideous, and also much which is unrivalled in There is no value in the picture of a social seemed necessary, and the Christian Litera-power. To use the old fairy legend, there state which is non-existent. It is allowable ture Publishing Company undertook it. Print- came to his christening the uninvited fairy to portray ideal excellence, but not ideal ing all the matter of the Edinburgh edition god-mother, who mingled with all his rare gifts depravity; especially when, as here, every with much that is new, they reduce the num- the spell of failure. There was something realistic feature is given. We take this book ber and the cost of them by just one-third, and preternatural in the vividness of his analytical as a record of actual experience, and it reads for twenty four dollars the whole of the Ante- power, and yet it did not save him from pal- very much as if it were personal experience. Nicene Fathers can be added to the library of pable blunders. For instance, in the two of It looks in every line as if the writer had student and divine. his works which stand among the foremost, wrongs of his own to avenge. There is but As the editor of these volumes, the publish- "The Raven" and "The Murders in the Rue one honest and upright man in the whole book, ers have had the good fortune to secure the Morgue," there are slips which an ordinary and hardly a decent woman. It reads as if "which he the writer were 66 services of Bishop Coxe. He is admirably fit- critic can hardly miss. Eureka," 'running amuck" at society ted by his early and his later studies to discharge highly estimated-extravagantly, in fact-is a in general. We repeat that this is justifiable the duty, and every page of this present vol- tissue of incorrect statements of fact, of the only on the absolute truth of all the incidents; ume shows that he is not performing it in any most nebulous reasoning. His idea of the and we are bound to think, therefore, that the perfunctory way-it exhibits the fruits of humorous was one which moves both won-author is describing society as he, at least, watchfulness and toil. He has scrupulously der and pity as we read his forlorn at- believes he has known it. We say frankly used the text of the Scotch editors, but has tempts, and yet his criticisms abound in that we do not believe it to be as bad as he put in brackets such changes or additions as felicitous phrases. He was savage to the describes. There is enough of corruption and ought to be made. In brief notes and refer- verge of cruelty toward those who offended worldliness in it, but not as much as is here ences he has corrected their mistakes or called him, and yet kindly and tolerant to many a described. And while a very great license is attention to matters overlooked by them. He literary mediocrity. He bore with drudgery, allowed to the novelist, because, as a rule, explains the more difficult passages, and in a doing his work faithfully and well, and then novels are like parables, a genuine truth in a more elaborate and satisfactory way he has flung up chance after chance of literary suc- shell of fiction. We question seriously the elucidated the potior principalitas of Rome, in cess, just when it was ready to become perma- right of an author to introduce prominent Book III., Cap. III., Sec. 2, of Irenaeus. He nent, upon the merest caprice. But we give and well-known public characters under a has arranged these writings chronologically the more extended notice to this book not so pseudonym so slight as this book uses, and to and topically, bringing together the disjecta much for its own sake, or the sake of its sub-hold them up to such bitter reprobation as this membra of the Scotch edition, and so presented ject, as for the end of calling attention to the of "The Money-Makers." We do not conthese works, as they should be, totus, teres picture it gives of the fate of literary work. sider the story as at all a fair presentment of atque rotundus. To them all he has applied Poe worked, and was forced to work, for a the relations of capital and labor, though the results of the latest scholarship, he has pittance miserably below the merits of what these are strained at present. We regard it written introductions to the several books, he he wrought. It is true, he belonged to the as a fierce appeal to the passions of the has allowed the authors to speak for them- same order as Chatterton, "the marvellous employed; but we should not blame it for selves, remembering that he was the editor, boy, the sleepless soul that perished in his that, if it did not point out almost by name

journalist, who accepts freely the hospitality THE ELEMENTS OF MORAL SCIENCE,

of the rich men of the story, while looking
down upon them with contempt. He is ap-
parently callous to some of the worst features
of American journalism, while excessively
high-minded about other points, and he is
pictured as the petted favorite of New York
society simply because he is a journalist.
have reviewed this book at length because it
is likely to be widely read, and we wish to put
on record our deliberate opinion against it.
DAILY THOUGHTS, Selected from the Writings of
Charles Kingsley. By his Wife. [London: Mac-
millan & Co.] pp. 296. Price $2.

We

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL.

By NOAH PORTER, D.D., LL.D., President of Yale
College. Author of "The Elements of Intel-
lectual Philosophy," "Books and Reading,"
etc. 1 vol., 8vo, $3.

"It is copious and clear, with ample scholarship and re-
markable insight, and I am sure that all teachers of moral 1. Prince Edward and Prince George of Wales going
President Julius H. Seeley.

science will find it a valuable aid in their instructions."-

"Scholars will find it interesting and instructive, and

teachers, unless we are much mistaken, will pronounce it the
best book yet written for the purposes of the class-room."-
Andover Review.

One feature of this book is that blank spaces
are left against each day's selection, in which CONTEMPORARY SOCIALISM.
the owner can inscribe his or her additional
bits from the same author. The extracts are
from the sermons, poems, and novels of Canon
Kingsley, and also from MSS. notebooks, and
private letters. They are chosen with great
taste and discrimination, and we can recom-
mend it to the admirers of Kingsley as a very
agreeable memorial of him, especially as the
volume is very tastefully printed and bound.
It is a book to lie on one's table and to be

By JOHN RAE, M.A. Crown, 8vo, $2.
"This is a first-rate book on a subject greatly needing such
a book. It should be read by every man who wishes to un-
derstand thoroughly the history of our own times. In its out-
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history in the best sense of the word, as distinguished from a
mere resume of facts."-The Independent.

ready to be taken up when one desires a
strengthening, or suggestive, or consoling
thought.

There are so many ephemeral books appear-

No. 18.

3.

down a Coal Mine in Australia. Frontispiece.
H. M. S. Bacchante at the Antipodes, Prince
Edward and Prince George of Wales. Illustrated.
Primroses and Cowslips.

With Illustrations.

2.

4. The Art of Casting in Bronze,
With Illustrations.

5. A Ship of '49 (to be continued).
6. Pilgrimages.

Grant Allen.

George Simonds.

Bret Harte.

W. Minto.
Hugh Conway.
Initials and Ornamental Headpieces.

7. A Family Affair.

then to find one which can be taken as a friend Bishop of Jerusalem. His life and work. A bio--Old Hospitals and Religious Houses of Canterbury
into the leisure moments of life.

DAILY COMFORT. Being Meditations on the Words of
the Bible for Every Day in the Year. Two Vol-
umes. "Morning," compiled by K. R. Crowther.
"Evening," compiled by Alice Crowther. [New
York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Co.] pp. each vol.
370. In case.

graphical sketch drawn chiefly from his own
journals. With portraits and illustrations. 400
pages, 12mo, cloth, $2.

"This volume has one great merit to begin with. It is
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There is really nothing to add to the above INSPIRATION.

title. These little volumes are beautifully got
out, and they ought to be just what their name
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ENERGY AND MOTION. A Text-Book of Elementary
Mechanics. By William Peirce, M.A., Assistant-
Master, University College School, London, Mem-
ber of the London Mathematical Society. [New
York: Cassell & Co., Limited.] pp. 111.

This is a clear and concise text-book in
which the definitions are given with no waste
of words, and these are followed by examples
and problems. It appears to us to be admira-
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LITERATURE,

THE article on "The Barye Monument,'
under the head of Art in our last issue, was
written by J. R. W. Hitchcock of this city.

A symposium on "In what sense and within what
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It cannot fail to please by the naivete and freshness of its

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***For sale by all booksellers, or will be sent by By the Rev. W. H. RIDLEY. Containing an ex-mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price by planation of what is required of them who come to it, and meditations during the administration. New edition, reduced, 25 cents.

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