OLDENBURG.

The Duchy of Oldenburg became incorporated in the North German Union 1867.

1847.

DECLARATION OF ACCESSION TO THE TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION WITH HANOVER.

Concluded March 10, 1847; ratifications exchanged at Oldenburg March 10, 1847.

Whereas a treaty of navigation and commerce between the United States of America and His Majesty the King of Hanover was concluded at Hanover on the 10th day of June last, by the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, and was subsequently duly ratified on the part of both Governments;

And whereas by the terms of the twelfth article of the same," the United States agree to extend all the advantages and privileges contained in the stipulations of the present treaty to one or more of the other States of the Germanic Confederation, which may wish to accede to them, by means of an official exchange of declarations; provided that such State or States shall confer similar favors upon the said United States to those conferred by the Kingdom of Hanover, and observe and be subject to the same conditions, stipulations, and obligations; "

And whereas the Government of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg has signified its desire to accede to the said treaty, and to all the stipulations and provisions therein contained, so far as the same are or may be applicable to the two countries, and to become a party thereto; that is to say, to all the said stipulations and provisions, excepting only those relating to the Stade and the Weser tolls, in which the Government of Oldenburg has no interest, and over which it has no control:

Now, therefore, the undersigned, Baron W. E. de Beaulieu Marconnay, of the Privy Council of His Royal Highness, and at the head of the Department of Foreign Affairs, on the part of Oldenburg, and A. D. Mann, Special Agent on the part of the United States, invested with full powers to this effect, found in good and due form, have this day signed in duplicate, and have exchanged this declaration of the accession (hereby agreed to on the part of the United States) of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, for the Duchy of Oldenburg, to the treaty aforesaid, the effect of which accession and agreement is hereby declared to be to establish the said treaty between the high parties to this declaration as fully and perfectly, to all

intents and purposes, as if all the provisions therein contained, excepting as above excepted, had been recited word for word in a separate treaty, concluded and ratified between them in the ordinary form. In witness whereof the above-named Plenipotentiaries have hereto affixed their names and seals. Done at Oldenburg this tenth day of

March, 1847.
[SEAL.]
[SEAL.]

A. DUDLEY MANN.

W. E. VON BEAULIEU MARCONNAY.

1853.

DECLARATION OF ACCESSION TO THE CONVENTION FOR THE EXTRADITION OF CRIMINALS, FUGITIVE FROM JUSTICE, OF JUNE 16, 1852, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND PRUSSIA AND OTHER STATES OF THE GERMANIC CONFEDERATION, AND TO ADDITIONAL ARTICLE THERETO OF NOVEMBER 16, 1852.

Signed December 30, 1853; proclaimed March 21, 1853.

Whereas a treaty for the reciprocal extradition of fugitive criminals, in special cases, was concluded between Prussia and other States of the Germanic Confederation, on the one hand, and the United States of North America on the other, under date of June 16th, 1852, at Washington, by the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, and has been ratified by the contracting Governments; and whereas, in the second article of the same, the United States of North America have declared that they agree that the stipulations of the aforesaid treaty shall be applicable to every other State of the Germanic Confederation which shall have subsequently declared its accession to the treaty: Now, therefore, in accordance therewith, the Government of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg hereby declares its accession to the aforesaid treaty of June 16th, 1852, which is, word for word, as follows:

[The original declaration here includes a copy in German of the treaty of June 16, 1852, and of the additional article thereto of November 16, 1852.]

and hereby expressly gives assurance that each and every article. and stipulation of this treaty shall be faithfully observed and enforced within the territory of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.

In testimony whereof, the Grand Ducal Minister of State of Oldenburg, in the name of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Oldenburg, has executed the present declaration of accession, and caused the Ministerial seal to be affixed thereto.

Done at Oldenburg, December thirtieth, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. [SEAL.] VON ROSSING,

Grand Ducal Minister of State of Oldenburg.

ORANGE FREE STATE.

1871.

CONVENTION OF FRIENDSHIP AND COMMERCE AND EXTRADITION.

Concluded December 22, 1871; ratification advised by the Senate April 24, 1872; ratified by the President April 27, 1872; ratifications exchanged August 18, 1873; proclaimed August 23, 1873.

I. Equality of treatment.

II. Military service.

III. Personal and property rights.
IV. Disputes respecting property.
V. Consuls.

VI. Discrimination in duties.
VII. Most favored nation.

ARTICLES.

VIII. Extradition.
IX. Crimes.

X. Surrender.
XI. Expenses.

XII. Political offenses.
XIII. Duration.
XIV. Ratification.

The United States of America and the Orange Free State, equally animated by the desire to draw, more closely the bonds of friendship, which so happily exist between the two republics, as well as to augment, by all the means at their disposal the commercial intercourse of their respective citizens, have mutually resolved to conclude a general convention of friendship, commerce and extradition.

For this purpose they have appointed as their plenipotentiaries, to wit: The President of the United States Willard W. Edgcomb, special agent of the United States and their consul at the Cape of Good Hope, and the President of the Orange Free State Friedrich Kaufman Höhne gov. secty., who, after communication of their respective full powers, have agreed to the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

The citizens of the United States of America and the citizens of the Orange Free State, shall be admitted and treated upon a footing of reciprocal equality in the two countries, where such admission and treatment shall not conflict with the constitutional or legal provisions of the contracting parties. No pecuniary or other more burdensome condition shall be imposed upon them, than upon the citizens of the country where they reside, nor any condition whatever to which the latter shall not be subject.

The foregoing privileges, however, shall not extend to the enjoyment of political rights.

a By notification from the Government of Orange Free State this convention was denounced January 4, 1895. (The Orange Free State has been incorporated into the British Empire.)

ARTICLE II.

The citizens of one of the two countries residing or established in the other, shall be free from personal military service; but they shall be liable to the pecuniary or other contributions which may be required, by way of compensation, from citizens of the country where they reside, who are exempt from the said service.

No higher impost, under whatever name shall be exacted from the citizens of one of the two countries residing or established in the other, than shall be levied upon citizens of the country, in which they reside, nor any contribution whatever, to which the latter shall not be liable.

In case of war, or of the seizure or occupation of property, for public purposes, the citizens of one of the two countries, residing or established in the other, shall be placed upon an equal footing with the citizens of the country in which they reside, with respect to indemnities for damages they may have sustained.

ARTICLE III.

The citizens of each one of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal property within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, testament, donation or in any other manner, and their heirs, whether by testament or ab intestato, or their successors, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to the said property or inherit it, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or by others acting for them, they may dispose of the same as they may think proper, paying no other charges than those to which the inhabitants of the country wherein the said property is situated, shall be liable to pay in a similar case. In the absence of such heir, heirs or other successors, the same care shall be taken by the authorities for the preservation of the property that would be taken for the preservation of the property of a native of the same country, until the lawful proprietor shall have had time to take measures for possessing himself of the same.

But in case real estate situated within the territories of one of the contracting parties should fall to a citizen of the other party, who, on account of his being an alien, could not be permitted to hold such property, there shall be accorded to the said heir or other successor, such term as the laws will permit to sell such property, he shall be at liberty at all times to withdraw and export the proceeds thereof without difficulty, and without paying to the government any other charges than those which, in a similar case, would be paid by an inhabitant of the country in which the real estate may be situated.

ARTICLE IV.

Any controversy which may arise among the claimants to the property of a decedent, shall be decided according to the laws and by the judges of the country, in which the property may be situated.

ARTICLE V.

The contracting parties give to each other the privilege of having, each in their respective States, consuls and vice-consuls of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges as those of the most favored nation.

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But before any consul or vice-consul shall act as such, he shall in the ordinary form, be approved by the government of the country in which his functions are to be discharged.

In their private and business transactions consuls and vice-consuls, shall be submitted to the same laws and usages as private individuals, citizens of the place in which they reside.

It is hereby understood that in case of offence against the laws by a consul or vice-consul, the government from which [he receives] his exequatur may withdraw the same, send him away from the country, or have him punished in conformity with the laws, assigning to the other government, its reason for so doing.

The archives and papers belonging to the consulates, shall be inviolate, and under no pretext whatever, shall any magistrate or other functionary inspect, seize, or in any way interfere with them.

ARTICLE VI.

Neither of the contracting parties shall impose any higher or other duties upon the importation, exportation or transit of the natural or industrial products of the other, than are or shall be payable upon the like articles being the produce of any other country.

ARTICLE VII.

Each of the contracting parties hereby engages not to grant any favor in commerce to any nation, which shall not immediately be enjoyed by the other party.

ARTICLE VIII.

The United States of America and the Orange Free State, on requisitions made in their name through the medium of their respective diplomatic or consular agents, shall deliver up to justice persons who, being charged with the crimes enumerated in the following article, committed within the jurisdiction of the requiring party, · shall seek asylum or shall be found within the territories of the other. Provided, That this shall be done only, when the fact of the commission of the crime shall be so established as to justify their apprehension and commitment for trial, if the crime had been committed in the country where the person so accused, shall be found.

ARTICLE IX.

Persons shall be delivered up according to the provisions of this convention, who shall be charged with any of the following crimes, to wit; Murder, (including assassination, parricide, infanticide, and poisoning;) attempt to commit murder, rape, forgery or the emission of forged papers, arson, robbery with violence, intim[id]ation or forcible entry of an inhabited house, piracy; embezzlement by public officers, or by persons hired or salaried to the detriment of their employers, when these crimes are subject to infamous punishment.

ARTICLE X.

The surrender shall be made by executives of the contracting parties respectively.