12. IOWA

(1) Des Moines Register, November 4, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) There are "compelling reasons, social and economic, why the Nation must at the earliest possible date reduce the crushing burdens" of a huge standing military force for 10 years or more (adopted wording of Commission here).

(2) The program seems the least expensive and most realistic way to face our need for preparedness in this period of world crisis.

(b) Reservations in support:

(1) UMT goes against the grain of our traditions and ideals.

(2) Waterloo Courier, October 30, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) UMT is undoubtedly the best way for a nation to maintain a high level of military preparedness with minimum impact on the peacetime economy.

(2) The youth will take training at an age least likely to interfere with education or normal preparation for a career.

(3) The entire able-bodied male population of the country would have basic military skills which could be utilized in an emergency.

(b) Reservations in support:

(1) Limited UMT does not appear to be a feasible solution. You would have to excuse 60,000 men after 6 months service while retaining the others for 24 months.

13. KENTUCKY

(1) Ashland Independent, November 4, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) UMT is the logical answer to our long-term service needs. (b) Reservations in support:

(1) Next summer the draft, industry and education will be competing for young men. UMT would become a fourth competitor.

(2) UMT would add to an already bulging defense budget. (3) Immediate contribution of UMT would be little or nothing.

(2) Frankfort State Journal, November 4, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) UMT is the logical answer to our long-term service needs. (b) Reservations in support:

(1) Next summer the draft, industry and education will be competing for the available numbers of young men. UMT would become a fourth competitor.

(2) UMT would add to the military budget, and there is a question as to how accurately the addition can be estimated. (3) The immediate contribution of UMT to the strength of the Armed Forces would be little or nothing. There might even be a drain, as the services would need extra people to teach and provide for the trainees.

(3) Harlan Enterprise, November 2, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) The entire American defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) As far as manpower is concerned, the requirement is for a tremendous pool of professionally trained military reservists—men basically fit to jump into advanced military schooling at the first signal of war. All top military men are convinced of this necessity.

(3) The complexity of modern warfare has doomed the largely untrained civilian army on which we have depended in the past. (4) The Commission's plan commends itself to Congress because of the care with which it was worked out.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(4) Owensboro Messenger, November 3, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The entire American defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) As far as manpower is concerned, the requirement is for a tremendous pool of professionally trained military reservists-men basically fit to jump into advanced military schooling at the first signal of war. All top military men are convinced of this necessity.

(3) The complexity of modern warfare has doomed the largely untrained civilian army on which we have depended in the past. (4) The Commission's plan commends itself to Congress because of the care with which it was worked out.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

14. LOUISIANA

(1) Baton Rouge State Times, November 2, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) "The clear prospect is that the present generation must live in danger for many years." [Commission's words.]

(2) UMT is insurance. If we had had it, Korea might not have happened.

(3) UMT won't instill blood lust into American youth. It isn't going to harden our youth. It isn't going to build wholly mechanical and unquestioning obedience in 18- and 19-year-olds. (b) Reservations in support: None.

(2) Lafayette Advertiser, November 4, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) The entire American defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) As far as manpower is concerned, the requirement is for a tremendous pool of professionally trained military reservists-men basically fit to jump into advanced military schooling at the first signal of war. All top military men are convinced of this necessity.

(3) The complexity of modern warfare has doomed the largely untrained civilian army on which we have depended in the past. (4) The Commission's plan commends itself to Congress because of the care with which it was worked out.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(3) Lake Charles American Press, November 2, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The entire American defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) As far as manpower is concerned, the requirement is for a tremendous pool of professionally trained military reservists— men basically fit to jump into advanced military schooling at the first signal of war. All top military men are convinced of this necessity.

(3) The complexity of modern warfare has doomed the largely untrained civilian army on which we have depended in the past. (4) The Commission's plan commends itself to Congress because of the care with which it was worked out.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(4) Monroe News-Star, November 5, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) The entire American defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) As far as manpower is concerned, the requirement is for a tremendous pool or professionally trained military reservistsmen basically fit to jump into advanced military schooling at the first signal of war. All top military men are convinced of this necessity.

(3) The complexity of modern warfare has doomed the largely untrained civilian army on which we have depended in the past. (4) The Commission's plan commends itself to Congress because of the care with which it was worked out.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(5) New Orleans Item, November 5, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) This country must, in the words of General Marshall, accustom itself to an unwavering posture of defense.

(2) It is assurance that the American economy won't be gravely strained by the burden of decade-long heavy military expenditures. (b) Reservations in support: None.

(6) New Orleans States, October 30, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) World conditions demand that physically and mentally able young men of 18 be trained for 6 months in the art of survival and self-defense.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(7) New Orleans Times-Picayune, October 30, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) By building our country's defenses to the strongest level possible including the military training of all able-bodied youths as they finish high school and reach 18 years-we believe this Nation is taking action that will best preserve the peace.

(2) Those youths who have the advantage of 6 months or so of military training will themselves be best able to survive in case of need and to aid in the survival of our own republic.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

15. MARYLAND

(1) Cumberland Times, November 1, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) Our whole defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) The maintenance of a vast standing army would impose burdens that might spell economic ruin.

(3) The potentials of lightning attack by air and land make necessary the trained pool of Reserves. All top military men are convinced of this need for a tremendous pool of professionally trained military reservists.

(4) The Commission's plan commends itself as one carefully framed.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(2) Baltimore News-Post, November 5, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) Regardless of the outcome of truce negotiations in Korea, the program should be adopted this year.

(2) The advocates of procrastination are the real opponents of UMT.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(3) Baltimore Sun (a. m.), October 29, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) The matter of vital importance is general recognition of the necessity for universal training. (b) Reservations in support: None.

(4) Baltimore Sun (p. m.), October 29, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) If events of the last decade have taught nothing else, they should have taught us that an on-again-off-again draft program is the costliest-possible way to meet danger quickly. We need, at the very least, a large pool of partly trained men.

(2) We were able to get by without such a pool in World War II because others held the line until we were ready. We were able to get by in Korea because that threat came so soon after the last war that we had thousands of reservist veterans available to throw into the battle. To hope that such luck will hold through the coming years would be the stupidest sort of folly. (3) Large numbers of trained men will deter aggression.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

16. MASSACHUSETTS

(1) Boston American, November 6, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) UMT is a vital security measure and must be passed immediately regardless of outcome in Korean truce talks.

(2) Those who want to procrastinate now are the real enemies of UMT and hope to avoid the program by delaying it. (b) Reservations in support: Absolutely none.

(2) Boston Christian Science Monitor, October 30, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) "Democracy must be durable if it is to survive."

(2) Our only alternative for action is to roll up our sleeves for the task of building a position of strength-moral, economic, and military-which we can maintain over a possibly very long period of hot-and-cold struggle.

(3) American foreign policy, the Armed Forces, and, for that matter, the American people have been bedeviled by stop-gap military manpower measures. We must adopt a consistent plan and policy. UMT is part of that plan.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(3) Boston Herald, October 29, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) There is a need for continuing military preparedness.

(2) The editor accepts completely the "overriding arguments about the need for UMT” as presented by the Commission. (b) Reservations in support:

(1) We will need to be vigilant against development of a military bureaucracy.

(4) Boston Record, November 3, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The Commission has formulated the concept of a genuine citizens' army such as has supported the freedom and benefited the whole people-of Switzerland since the Napoleonic wars.

(2) The kind of defense organization which we are now projecting would become an insupportable burden on our economy, and might fail even then to provide the military security that we desire and believe we deserve.

(3) Supporting statements by William Randolph Hearst in 1917 and 1940 were given.

(4) Supporting statement by Gen. Douglas MacArthur in 1935 was given (while he was Chief of Staff, Army). (b) Reservations in support: None.

(5) Lawrence Eagle, November 3, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The entire American defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength.

(2) As far as manpower is concerned, the requirement is for a tremendous pool of professionally trained military reservistsmen basically fit to jump into advanced military schooling at the first signal of war. All top military men are convinced of this necessity.

(3) The complexity of modern warfare has doomed the largely untrained civilian army on which we have depended in the past. (4) The Commission's plan commends itself to Congress because of the care with which it was worked out. (b) Reservations in support: None.

(6) Lowell Sun, October 29, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) If we don't have UMT there are two alternatives-either we must continue to maintain a huge standing army, an alerted navy and a massive air force, ready to meet an enemy on a second's notice; or we can gamble with the future by letting down our guard.

(2) UMT provides the most economical and most efficient way of maintaining a steady defense against all aggression in the future. (3) It is better to have our young men trained now than to throw them into combat with much less training at a later date. (b) Reservations in support: None.

17. MICHIGAN

(1) Bay City Times, November 2, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) Our entire defense set-up is founded on the concept of reserve strength. We need enough military substance to allow us to hold off the adversary until our full might can be organized and brought to bear against him.

(2) A vast standing army might spell economic ruin because of financial burdens it would impose.

(3) The Commission's plan was carefully worked out and commends itself to Congress on that basis.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(2) Detroit Free Press, October 30, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) By giving every youth 6 months of military instruction and placing him in a National Guard or Reserve component for 71⁄2 years thereafter, the program would equip America with a huge force in semireadiness.

(2) This is better than to go on indefinitely calling back to active duty men who already have served and sacrificed. (b) Reservations in support:

(1) In concept, if not in detail, the UMT plan devised is a desirable measure.

(2) Now might not be the time for activation of UMT. (3) Flint Journal, November 4, 1951:

(a) Reasons for support:

(1) It would shorten the time in which an effective fighting force could be mobilized for war. It would give greater military strength at a lesser cost than by relying on a large standing military force.

(2) It would give our young men a better chance for survival in combat if they ever have to fight.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(4) Grand Rapids Herald, November 3, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The Soviet G. Ivan is well trained, and there are some four million of them.

(2) Sending green, relatively untrained troops against such soldiers can be likened to sending a schoolboy football squad against a professional team.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(5) Jackson Citizen-Patriot, October 31, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The Nation is spending money almost frantically trying to train men for Korea because it does not have available a supply of trained manrower such as will be provided by UMT.

(2) The drafting of untrained men to be sent into combat after a few weeks of dilling is a strong argument for UMT, which will assure 6 months of training for every man.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

(6) Lansing State Journal, November 1, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) The program is designed to assure the Nation "enduring strength" through a constant citizens' reserve of young men who are at least partly trai ed for military service.

(b) Reservations in support: None.

18. MINNESOTA

(1) Mankato Free Press, November 5, 1951: (a) Reasons for support:

(1) UMT is the logical answer to our long-term service needs. (b) Reservations in support:

(1) Next summer the draft, industry, and education will be competing for the available numbers of young men. UMT would become a fourth competitor.