A The Company is the smallest constant fundamental unit and is divided into Squads, two or three Squads forming a Section and two Sections forming a Platoon.

B The term Company is used in speaking of the Infantry, Coast Artillery, and Engineers. In the Field Artillery this unit is called a Battery and in the Cavalry, a Troop.1

с The Battalion (called Squadron in the Cavalry), which is the tactical unit of instruction and is the proper command for a major, consists of four companies.

A Lieutenant Colonel may be appropriately assigned to the command of any part of a regiment larger than a battalion, or to the command of a battalion in the absence of its major. (A. R. 247, '10).

Ꭰ

The Regiment, which is the administrative unit in the Cavalry and Infantry and is the proper command for a colonel, consists of three battalions.

E The Colonel is assisted in the discharge of his duties by the Regimental Staff, which consists of three captains detailed for four years and known as the Adjutant, the Quartermaster, and Commissary.

F Each Major is assisted in the discharge of his duties by a Battalion Adjutant (a first lieutenant) and a Battalion Quartermaster and Commissary (a second lieutenant), who are termed the Battalion Staff, and who, with the Major, constitute the Battalion Field and Staff.

G

Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, and Majors, are called Field

Officers.3

H

The Field and Staff of a regiment consists of the colonel and the regimental staff, the lieutenant colonel, and the three majors.

The chaplain and such medical officers as may be on duty with the regiment are carried on the regimental return under the heading of "THE FIELD AND STAFF," and in a broad sense may be considered as forming a part thereof. See Supplement, Chap. III, Par. 47, "Regimental Organization—Staff."

I

The chaplain and the medical officer or officers on duty with

The designation "COMPANY" as used in the Army Regulations applies to troops of cavalry, batteries of field artillery, and companies of infantry and coast artillery, and bands of all arms.

2 The designation "BATTALION" as used in the Army Regulations applies to squadrons of cavalry. 3 All officers from MAJOR to COLONEL, inclusive, whether of the line of staff corps, are regarded as FIELD OFFICERS. See G. O. 198, '08.

a regiment, are in practice considered staff officers of the Colonel, but the term Regimental Staff as used in the Army Regulations means the Adjutant, Quartermaster, and Commissary.

Although the Battalion Adjutants and the Battalion Quartermasters and Commissaries are accounted for on the returns of the Regimental Field and Staff, they form no part of it.

A

An Aide-de-Camp is an officer detailed as confidential attendant upon a general officer, and who, on occasions, may represent the general officially and socially. The Aides-de-Camp of a general officer constitute his Personal Staff.

B The senior medical officer on duty at a post is designated The Surgeon.

C Physicians employed from civil life under contract with the Surgeon General, to perform the duties required of commissioned medical officers, are termed "Contract Surgeons.":

1

D The Veterinarians are charged with the care and treatment of all sick or injured horses and mules. They also instruct the company farriers in the proper care of horses and in the principles of horseshoeing. They have the pay and allowances of second lieutenants. Supplement, Chap. III, Pars. 48 and 51.

E

A Brigade consists of two or three regiments of the same or different arms, organized under one command, and is the proper command for a brigadier general.

F A Division consists of two or more brigades, usually including several arms of the service, and is the proper command for a major general.

G There are no duties that specially pertain to the grade of Brigadier General and Major General-their duties are incidental to the command they may have.

The eligibility of a contract surgeon for duty is the same as that of a first lieutenant of the Medical Corps, except in so far as it is limited by the fact that he is not a commissioned officer. A contract surgeon is accordingly not eligible for detail on courts-martial, but may prefer charges against enlisted men and may be detailed on councils of administration, and as post treasurer, etc.; he may also witness payments to enlisted men. (A. R.)

2 Veterinarians rank next after second lieutenants. They are entitled to receive the customary salute from enlisted men (Circular 18, H. Q. A., 1902). Veterinarians are not eligible for detail on courts-martial, or any other duty which is expressly required by law to be performed by commissioned officers, but they may be detailed as members of councils of administration, and (when no commissioned officer is available) they may serve as exchange officers or post treasurers, and may witness payments to enlisted men (Cir. 30, H. Q. A., 1901).

A An Army Corps consists of two or more divisions organized under one command, and is the proper command for a lieutenant general.

The grade of lieutenant general does not exist in our Army at present (1911), major general being the highest grade.

B The territory occupied by the Army of the United States is divided into geographical divisions called Divisions and Departments, that are commanded by general officers who are assigned thereto by direction of the President.

The commander of a division or of a department commands all the military forces of the Government within its limits, whethe. of the line or staff, which are not specially excepted from his control by the War Department.

с

The geographical division of territory for military purposes includes Divisions, Departments, Districts, and Sub-Districts. Divisions are generally commanded by major generals, departments by major generals or brigadier generals, districts by brigadier generals, and sub-districts by colonels or lieutenant colonels.

An Artillery District, as a tactical unit, is a subdivision of the coast line, including the personnel assigned to duty in connection with the fixed defenses thereof.

D The Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry, consisting of two battalions of four companies each, forms a part of the Regular Army. The field officers, consisting of one lieutenant colonel and two majors, are detailed for four years from regular officers not below the rank of captain. Vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant may be filled by the appointment of citizens of Porto Rico.

The officers have the same rank, pay, rights, and allowances as officers of the same grade in the Regular Army, except with regard to promotion, which is made according to seniority within the regiment.

E

See Supplement, Chap. III, Par. 51a.

The Philippine Scouts form a part of the Army of the United States, but not of the Regular Army.

The authorized organization of companies, troops, battalions, and squadrons must be the same as in the Regular Army.

The officers are detailed for periods of four years, the majors being appointed from the captains of the line of the Regular Army and the captains from the first lieutenants of the Scouts.

The lieutenants are selected from enlisted men of the Regular Army, from officers or enlisted men of Volunteers who served subsequent to April 21, 1898, and also from natives of the Philippines who by their services and character show fitness for command. Sup., Chap. III, Par. 52.

CHAPTER IV

THE MILITIA OF THE UNITED STATES

(See corresponding chapter in SUPPLEMENT for additional matter and changes, if any.)

The Militia of the United States consists of every able-bodied male citizen between 18 and 45 years of age, and is divided into

I The Organized Militia, comprising the regularly enlisted, organized, and uniformed Militia of the various States, Territories and the District of Columbia, known as The National Guard, or otherwise. 2 The Reserve Militia, comprising all able-bodied male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45 who do not belong to the Organized Militia.

The Vice President of the United States, judicial and executive officers of the Government, Congressmen, postmasters, mail clerks, custom house officers and clerks and certain other clases are exempt from service in the Militia, nor can any member of any well-recognized religious sect or organization at present organized whose creed forbids participation in war and whose religious convictions are against war, be compelled to serve in the Militia or Volunteers of the United States.

Since January 21, 1910, the organization, armament, and discipline of the Organized Militia must be the same as that of the Regular Army. However, any organization that has been in continuous existence since May 8, 1792, having any special customs or usages, will be allowed to retain them, but will be subject to all other duties required of the other Militia.

In case of invasion, threatened invasion, rebellion or inability to enforce the laws of the Union with the regular forces at his command, the President may call forth such of the Militia as he may deem necessary. Only in these cases can the President call out the Militia. The President, however, is the sole judge of the existence of an exigency justifying the calling out of the Militia. The President's orders for calling forth the Militia would be issued through the governors of the States or Territories concerned, and in the case of the Militia of the District of Columbia, through the commanding general thereof.

The President may specify in his call the period for which service is required, either within or without the territory of the United States, provided no officer or enlisted man be held in service beyond the term of his existing commission or enlistment.

Whenever it becomes necessary to raise troops in addition to