around made any effort to save the man until he was apparently drowned. He was then dragged out and stretched on the bow of the boat, and soon sufficient means were used for his recovery. The brutal captain ordered him to be taken off his boat-declaring, with an oath, that he would throw him into the river again, if he was not immediately removed. I withdrew, sick and horrified with this appalling exhibition of wickedness.

Upon inquiry, I learned that the colored man lived some fifty miles up the Mississippi; that he had been charged with stealing some article from the wharf; was fired upon with a pistol, and pursued by the mob.

In reflecting upon this unmingled cruelty-this insensibility to suf fering and disregard of life-I exclaimed, Is there no flesh in man's obdurate heart? One poor man, chased like a wolf by a hundred blood hounds, yelling, howling, and gnashing their teeth upon him -plunges into the cold river to seek protection! A crowd of spectators witness the scene, with all the composure with which a Roman populace would look upon a gladiatorial show. Not a voice heard in the sufferer's behalf. At length the powers of nature give way; the blood flows back to the heart-the teeth chatter-the voice trembles and dies, while the victim drops down into his grave.

What an atrocious system is that which leaves two millions of souls, friendless and powerless-hunted and chased-affiicted and tortured and driven to death, without the means of redress. Yet such is the system of slavery!

JOSEPH JOHN GURNEY.

Comforts of the negroes. Nothing can be farther from my wish, than to heap abuse on the slave-holders of the southern states. Those with whom I have become acquainted, are amiable and benevolent men, and I give them full credit for kindness and consideration in the treatment of their slaves.

I am very much mistaken, if, under the circumstances, happiness is not the exception-discomfort the general rule. Ignorance of his own nature and destiny, is the only condition, as I believe, in which a slave can be permanently comfortable. But the infractions of comfort, to which the slaves of North America are liable, are too noto. rious to be disputed. The treatment of them, as it regards food and raiment, must and will depend, not merely on the dispositions, but on the means of their masters. The want of ready money, in the slave-holder, often bears more severely on the slave than the want of kindness. Again, we well know that masters are sometimes driven for many months from their properties, by the insalubrity of the location, and that the slaves are left under the care of overseers-persons of sufficiently low grade, to be induced to risk their lives, for a pecuniary compensation. This must be a fruitful source of suf fering.

In order to form a correct view, however, on the present subject, it is enough for me to recur to scenes which I have myself witnessed. Although, in travelling through some of your slave states, I have

often observed the negroes well clad, and in good bodily condition, their general aspect has not appeared to me to be that of happiness. Seldom have I seen anything among them, like the cheerful smile of the peasant of Jamaica; and sometimes, they have been half-naked, and wretched in their demeanor. When I saw large companies of black people following either the masters who owned them, or the merchants who had bought them, to some distant state, the lame ones compelled to keep up with their associates, and yet limping be. hind from very weakness-when, in one of the sea islands of South Carolina, I look on a gang of them, ginning cotton, working as if they were on the tread wheel, their sweat falling from them like rain, and the overseer sitting by, with his cow-hide alongside of him-when, in the negro jail at Charleston, I was surrounded by a large number of negroes, who had been sent thither, without any intervention of law or magistracy, but at the sole will of their holders, to be punished on the tread wheel, or with whipping (not exceeding fifteen lashes,) according to directions on an accompanying ticket-when, lastly, in the iron-grated depot at Baltimore, I visited the poor creatures who had been sold away from their families and friends, and were about to be transmitted, on speculation, like so many bales of cotton or worsted, to the far-distant South-when these scenes passed, one af. ter another, in review before me, it was impossible for me to think highly of the comforts of your enslaved negroes.

DAVID WALKER.

The Pagan, Jews and Mahometans try to make proselytes to their religions and whatever human beings adopt their religions they extend to them their protection. But christian Americans, not only hinder their fellow creatures, the Africans, but thousands of them will absolutely beat a colored person nearly to death, if they catch him on his knees, supplicating the throne of grace. This barbarous cruelty was by all the heathen nations of antiquity, and is by the Pagans, Jews and Mahometans of the present day, left entirely to christian Americans to inflict on the Africans and their descendants, that their cup which is nearly full may be completed. I have known tyrants or usurpers of human liberty in different parts of this country to take their fellow creatures, the colored people, and beat them until they would scarcely leave life in them; what for? Why they sayThe black devils had the audacity to be found making prayers and supplications to the God who made them!!!" Yes, I have known small collections of colored people to have convened together, for no other purpose than to worship God Almighty, in spirit and in truth, to the best of their knowledge; when tyrants, calling themselves patrols, would also convene and wait almost in breathless silence for the poor colored people to commence singing and praying to the Lord our God; as soon as they had commenced, the wretches would burst in upon them and drag them out and commence beating them as they would rattle-snakes-many of whom, they would beat so unmercifully, that they would hardly be able to crawl for weeks and sometimes for months.-Appeal.

"AMALGAMATION !"

What is slavery? It is a system of general licentiousness! wholesale amalgamation! The Western Luminary, a Kentucky paper, says, "universal licentiousness prevails among the slaves. Chastity is no virtue among them; its violation neither injures female character in their own estimation, or that of their master or mistress: no instruction is ever given, no censure pronounced. I speak not of the world: I speak of Christian families generally." James A. Thome of Kentucky, says, "It is a well known fact that the slave lodgings, (in villages) are exposed to the entrance of strangers every hour of the night, and that the sleeping apartment of both sexes are common." The Synod of South Carolina and Georgia in their Report, Dec. 1833, stated as follows: " Chastity in either sex, is a rare virtue. Such is the universality and greatness of the vice of lewdness, that to those who are acquainted with slave countries, not a word need be said; all the consequences of this vice are to be seen, not excepting infanticide itself." The Rev. J. D. Paxton, of Virginia, (now missionary in Palestine,) says, "The condition of the females is such (under irresponsible absolute power of their owners) that promises, and threatenings, and management can hardly fail to conquer them. They are entirely dependent on their master." Hear, hear, ye northern mothers, who have slave-holding sons! "And that licentiousness prevails to a most shameful extent, is proved from the rapid increase of mulattoes!" The law is all on the side of the master or white, for any slave, male or female, or any negro, bond of free, to resist or strike a white person in Georgia. he or she shall have their ears cropt." (Stroud's Law, page 97.) In Kentucky they shall have 30 lashes on their bare back. In Georgia, for the first of fence any punishment not extending to life or limb, and death for the second offence. (Prince's Digest, 450.)

Public opinion at the south favors licentiousness and amalgamation. Mr. Madison avowed that "the licentiousness of Virginia plantations, stopped just short of destruction; and that it was understood that the female slaves were to become mothers at fifteen." Thomas Jefferson Randolph declared in the Virginia House of Delegates, that Virginia was one grand menagerie, where men are to be reared for market, like oxen for the shambles;" "and that some of the best blood of Virginia runs in the veins of their slaves."

Miss Martineau, in her "Views of Society in America" says, a southern clergyman declared "that the very general connexion of white gentlemen with their female slaves, introduced a mulatto race whose numbers would become dangerous, if the affections of their white parents were permitted to render them free; and many were waiting until the amalgamation of the races should involve a sufficient number to put an end to slavery"!!-Furthermore, "the wife of a planter in the bitterness of her heart declared, that a planter's wife was only "the chief slave of the harem," Hear, hear! ye mothers, who think it would be a pretty thing for your daughters to marry slave-holders, and have slaves to wait upon them: " Every young man in New-Orleans, early selects a beautiful quadroon girl

How

for his mistress, and establishes her in one of those pretty peculiar houses, whole rows of which may be seen in the ramparts!" is it with northern young men who go to the south, and " buy them. selves female domestics, as is of every day's occurrence." This is one of the peculiarities of the southern institutions. It is a very convenient, fashionable, and profitable way of increasing their stock of human chattles! Hear Mr. Gholson of Virginia, in the Legislature of that State, Jan. 18, 1831, reported in the Richmond Whig. "It has always been considered by steady, old fashioned people, that the owners of land had a reasonable right to its annual profits; the owner of orchards to their annual fruits; the owner of brood mares to their product; and the owner of females slaves to their increase! and I do not hesitate to say that in their increase consists much of our wealth!" Henry Clay, before the Colonization Society, in 1829, says, "It is believed that nowhere in the farming portion of the United States, would slave labor be generally employed, if the proprietor were not tempted to RAISE SLAVES BY THE HIGH PRICE OF THE SOUTHERN MARKET, WHICH KEEPS IT UP IN HIS OWN."

In 1836, 40,000 slaves were sold out of Virginia at an average price of $600. Rev. J. W. Douglass, of Fayetteville, N. C. says, upwards of 60,000 passed through a little western town for southern market, in 1835. What a speculation for slave breeders! and temp. tation for Yankees who go to the south to get money, and buy female domestics!! S, A. Forral, Esq. says 66 negresses when young and likely, are often a matter of speculation, 800 or 1000 dollars being obtained for thein. It is an occurrence of no uncommon nature to see a Christian (?) father sell his own daughter and the brother his own sister by the same father!" A northern merchant, while on a business tour at the south, lately wrote a letter to his partners saying "he had seen a young woman sold at public auction for seven thousand and five hundred dollars!" The purchaser, a young man, declared he would give ten thousand dollars rather than lose her! Whether the sale was made on northern account" we are not informed.

Perhaps wives, mothers and daughters at the north may try to believe that their husbands, sons and lovers, are proof against the enticements and destructive influences of the "peculiar institutions of the south?" How is it? do we not hear them pleading for them; telling what a good institution slavery is; sanctioned by the Bible: a good old, oriental patriarchal system of concubinage? And if decency would permit, facts might be adduced to show how northern men are implicated in the slave-holding licentiousness of the south, that would make the cars of northern mothers and wives tingle. Thomas Jefferson says, "that man must be a prodigy, who, surrounded by such circumstances, can retain his manners and morals undepraved." Would not northern churches, wives, mothers and daughters, do well to be jealous of those who go from the north into the "den of sorrows," the slave-holding states? Can a man go upon hot coals and his feet be not burned ?-Charter Oak.