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"Previously stood" is a second B. and modified by "where," an Adv. El. of the S. W-f. denoting PLACE WHERE.

"Did differently from what he did before."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "did" is the B and modified by the remainder, an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY. "Differently" is the B. and modified by "from what he did before," an Adv. El. of the Rel. C-. (adjunc.) denoting COMPARISON OF DISTINCTION.

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"He" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. and the remainder is the Pred. of the Cx. W-f.; of which "did" is the B. and modified by what," an Obj. El. of the S. W-f. denoting Sur'G OBJ.

"Did what" is a second B. and modified by "before," an Adv. El. of the S. W- denoting TIME ANTECEDENT.

"Looked as if he were insane."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "looked" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adv. El. of the Conj. C-f. denoting COMPARISON OF RESEMBLANCE and CONDITION CONTRARY TO FACT (634).

"He" is the Subj. of the S. W. and the remainder is the Pred. of the Comp. V-f.; of which "were" is the copula and "insane" is the Comp. of the S. W-f. denoting STATE or CONDITION.

EXERCISE 92. Analyze and define the Elements.

4. Deals like

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1. Acts differently from me. 2. People different from those I know. 3. Men unlike my countrymen. an honest man. 5. Such people as we admire. 6. Lives as if he were never to die. 7. Speaks with grace and ease. 8. Countries infested with wolves. 9. Was directed by me. Was fined a hundred dollars. 11. Died a peaceful death. 12. Were burnt to ashes. 13. Grieved at his misfortunes. 14. Created him ruler (100). 15. Was freed from trouble. 16. Knows whom he spoke to. 17. Opposed to what you say you believe. 18. Built a tower a thousand feet in height. 19. Trees fifty feet through at the base. 20. Young men twenty years of age.

21. "One star differeth from another star in glory."-Bible. 22. "Spiritual action should be distinct from worldly courses."-Barnes. 23. "It was diverse from all the beasts that were before it."-Bible.

24. "Did I request thee, Maker, from my clay

To mould me man."-Milton.

SEC. XVII.-QUANTITY-COMPARISON. COMPARISON OF EQUALITY.

756. This Element expresses the quantity of a given quality by instituting a comparison; as, "Napoleon was as great as Cæsar.”

757. The Comparison may be based upon the same quality as existing in different persons, or upon different qualities as existing in the same person; as, "He is as wise as he is good." Here the amount of wisdom is indicated, by asserting that it is equal to the amount of goodness. "He is as wise as you." Here, by asserting that it is equal in amount to that of another.

758. When Measure of difference is expressed by a comparison, the quantity indicated thereby may be represented as either fixed or variable; as, "A is as much larger than B as C is larger than D" Here the difference in the magnitude of A and B is indicated by affirming its equality to the difference in the magnitude of C and D, which is a fixed quantity.

759. Again, "The more we have the more we want." Here the measure of our want is indicated by comparing it with the measure of our gains, and affirming that the two are proportionate: the one increasing with the other. In this case the quantity is variable.

760. The word-form is usually expressed by an adverb; as, "They are equally wise." "All things alike praise him." Sometimes, however, by a substantive; as, "Waves mountain high." (Comp. Meas. Mag.) "Sun bright." (Comp. degree.)

761. The clause-form is usually a Conj. Clause introduced by as. When used to express variable Measure of Difference, the clause-form is sometimes introduced by the relative phrase, "by how much," for which "by as much " is often used; as, "The which, by how much higher it is, by so much greater fall I am to fear."-James McIntosh. The correlatives the-the, which are adverbi 1 elements, and abbreviations of the above forms, are more commonly used; as, "The colder it is the better I feel."

762. Here ellipses frequently occur; as, "The country was as level as a plain" (is). "A is to B as C is to D.”— A is as many times greater (or less) than B as C is greater (or less) than D.

763. Adjective Elements sometimes express Comparison of Equality; as, "Lightning speed," (=speed as great as that of lightning). "A snail's

"The

pace." "The size of a mountain.” "The weight of a mountain." stillness of death." Adjective Elements of the clause-form are relative clauses introduced by the relative as (122), "Such waves as I never saw before."

764. It is noteworthy that the adjective such may express either quality or quantity. Thus, it is used as a correlative of as in clause-forms expressive both of Comp. of Resemblance, and Comp. of Equality.

MODELS FOR ANALYSIS.-" Men as wise as Solomon.”

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "men" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting INTELLECTUAL QUALITY. "Wise" is the B. and modified by as (=so much,) as Solomon," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. (Conjunc.) denoting COMPARISON OF EQUALITY.

"Soldiers twice as brave as the enemy."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "Soldiers" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting INTELLECTUAL QUAL

ITY.

"Brave" is the B. and modified by "twice as (=so much,) as the enemy " an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting DEGREE.

"As" (=so much,) is the B. and modified by "as the enemy," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. (Conj.) denoting COMPARISON OF EQUALITY. "As (so much,) as the enemy 66 is a second B. and modified by twice," an Adv. El. of the S. W-f. denoting MEASURE OF DIFFERENCE.

"Half as many books as you have."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "books" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adj. El. of the Cx. W-f denoting NUMber.

"Many" is the B. and modified by "as (=so,) as you have." an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting MAGNITUDE, (i. e. the Mag. of the number). "As" is the B. and modified by 66

C-f. denoting COMP. OF EQUAL.

as you have," an Adv. El. of the Conj.

"You" is the Subj.. "have" the Pred., and "as" the connective. "As (so,) as you have" is a second B. and modified by “half,” an Adv, El. of the S. W-f. denoting Measure of Dif.

EXERCISE 93-Analyze and define the Elements.

2. Men as rich as Croesus..

1. Cities as large as London. 3. Friends as loving as they are true. 4. As great a general as Bonaparte. . As numerous as the sands of the sea-shore. 6. Houses five times as high as that house. 7. Has not half as many friends as you. 8. Rivers almost as deep as the ocean. 9. Men as great in wisdom as in goodness. 10. This is quite as good as that. 12. Ships with snow white sails. 14. Came soon after midnight. 16. Ships propelled by steam.

11. Waves mountain high.

13. Long before sunrise. 15. She is handsome to me. 17. Fought with their coats

off. 18. Sailed under sealed orders (711). 19. Trials of skill. 20. Elevation to power. 21. Epistle to the Galatians. 22. Acted thus, much to my advantage.

23. He who holds the ladder is as guilty as he who mounts the wall. 24. Enough is as good as a feast. 25. Deception as invariably leads to crime as crime leads to misery.

28. "Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spoke again,

And all went merry as a marriage bell "-Byron.

SEC. XVIII.-QUANTITY-COMPARISON, (Con)
COMPARISON OF INEQUALITY. `

765. This Element institutes a comparison where the quantity of the quality or qualities compared exist in unequal degree; as, "Wiser than you."

766. Like Comparison of Equality it may have reference to the same quality in different objects or to different qualities in the same object; as, "James is more learned than John." "James is more learned than wise."

767. A comparison may be instituted between two objects; as, "She is the better of the two," or between several; as, "She is the best of all." When reference is made to two objects only, the base of the comparative modifier is either the comparative ending er, or the adverbs more and less: when reference is made to several, the base is the superlative ending est, or the adverbs most and least; as, "Better than thou." "More noble than thou." "Greatest of all." "Most noble of all." 66 768. The word-form is an adverb; as, Supremely good." "Preeminently wise." Superlatively just." Especially important." Particularly worthy of consideration," &c. In all these the idea of comparison is manifest. 769. In the phrase-form the relation-word of is most usual; as, "The better of the two." The wisest of the kings." Other words are sometimes used; as, The Muses, pleasing above all things," (=most pleasing of all things). "Just before all."-Virgil. (See also 404, 405.)

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770. The clause-form is either a conjunctive clause introduced by than, or a relative clause introduced by that. "More roble than you are." The wisest man that ever lived" (406, 407).

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771. Frequent ellipses occur; as, "Am better than he" (is). "Grows handsomer every day," (than he was on the previous day). My health is better" (than it was). The best scholar (of all the scholars) in the class." "The wisest man (of all the men) in Europe."

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Unparal "Un

772. Adjective Elements of Comparison of Inequality occur; elled success." "Matchless excellence." Peerless beauty." "The paragon of animals." Superiority over his brother." "Unusual numbers." accustomed interest in the matter," (i. e. more than is customary).

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MODELS FOR ANALYSIS.-" People much more nice than wise."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "people" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting INTELLECTUAL QUALITY. "Nice" is the B. and modified by "much more than wise," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting DEGREE.

"More" is the B. and modified by "than wise," an Adv. El. of the S. W-f. (Conj.) denoting COMP. OF INEQUAL. (The qualities of "nice" and "wise" are compared.)

"More than wise" is a second B. and modified by "much," an Adv. Fl. of the S. W-f. denoting MEAS. OF DIF.

"The more we have the more we want."

A Dec. Sentence. "We" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. and the remainder is the Pied. of the Cx. W-f.; of which "want" is the B. and modified by more," an Obj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting the DIR. SUF'G OBJ. "Want more 19

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is a second B. and modified by the remainder, an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting MEAS. OF DIF.

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"The (=by so much,) (761) is the B. modified by "the more we have an Adv. El. of the Rel. C-t. denoting COMP. OF EQUAL., (proportionate).

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"We" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. and "have the more' is the Pred. of the Cx. W-f; of which have" is the B. and modified by "the more," an Obj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting the DIR. SUF'G OBJ.

"More" is the B. and modified by "the," (=by how much,) an Adv. El. of the S. W-f. denoting MEAS. of Dif.

"A is as much greater than B as C is greater than D."

A Dec. Sentence.

"A" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. and the remainder is the Pred. of the Comp. V-f.; of which "is" is the copula, and the remainder is the Comp. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY, VIZ: MAGNITUDE. "Great" is the B. and modified by (the comparative ending) thun B." an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting MEAS. OF MAG. The comparative ending

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er (=more) er" (=more,) is the B. and modified by "than B," an El. of the S. W-f. (Conj.) denoting COMP. OF INEQUAL The comparative ending

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er" (more) than B" is a second B. and modifled by "as much as C is greater than D," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting MEAS OF DIF.

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Much" is the B. and modified by "as (so) as C is greater than D," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting DEGREE. "As" (so) is the B. and modified by

as C is greater than D," an Adv.

El. of the Conj. C-f. denoting COMP. OF EQUAL

"C" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. and the remainder is the Pred. of the Comp. V-f.; of which "is" is the copula and "greater than D" is the Comp. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY, viz: MAGNITUDE.

"Great" is the B. and modified by the comparative ending "er (=more,)

than D," an Adv. El. of the C-x. W-f. denoting MEAS. OF MAG.

The comparative ending" er," (=more,) is the B. and modified by "than D," an Adv. El. of the S. W-f. (Conj.) denoting COMP. OF INEQUAL.

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