In this Example the magnitude of A is indicated by comparing it with B, and noting that the difference in the magnitude of the two is equal to the difference in the magnitude of C and D.

EXERCISE 94.-Analyze and define the Elements.

1. Peasants are happier than princes. 2. He is the wiser of the two. 3. Food less palatable than wholesome. 4 An army more courageous than hardy. 5. A general eminent above all. 6. Islands far distant from the main land. 7. Killed about four thousand men. 8. Was within a little of (from) being run over. 9. Castles hard by the mountain. 10. Sailed near to the shore. 11. Brought thousands to destruction. 12. The city was thrown into a fever (493) of excitement. 13. Did otherwise than before. 14. Did as he pleased. 15. Did as he was commanded. 16. Lived a most happy life. 17. Houses painted as white as snow.

18. Modesty has more charms than beauty. 19. Forecast is better than hard work. 20. Gluttony kills more than the sword. 21. False friends are worse than open enemies. None are so deaf as those that will not hear.

23.

"All things that are,

22.

Are with more spirit chased than enjoyed."-Shak. Mer. of Venice.

SEC. XIX.-CONSEQUENCE WITH COMPARISON.

773. Consequence sometimes involves the Element of Comparison. In this case it always expresses a Consequence as a conception merely, and not as a fact, and usually relates to quantity, which is then indicated by the adverbs enough, sufficiently, when Comparison of Equality is involved, and by the adverb too, when Comparison of Inequality is indicated. The infinitive phrase-form is always used: as, "We have men enough to conquer." "We have too small a force

to conquer."

774. In these examples we have in the first instance a comparison instituted between the number of men we have, and the number necessary to ensure a victory, and it is found that they are equal. In the second case the same comparison is instituted, and it is found that there is an inequality in the two amounts, the number in possession being smaller than the number required. The comparison, moreover, in each case is indicated in the form of a consequence, ("to conquer,") which from the present force is conceived of as possible in the one case, and impossible in the other.

"He

775. The adverb of quantity is often omitted; as, is not able to walk," (has not ability (or strength) enough to walk)." He is worthy to rule," (has worth enough to rule).

776. Occasionally quality is referred to in this form of Consequence; as, "Apples fit to eat." Here a comparison is instituted between the qualities of the apples and the qualities of objects proper for food, and they are found to agree. The comparison, however, here, as in the examples above, is based upon a conceived consequence resulting from this quality of the fruit.

777. Consequence involving Comparison must not be confounded with Consequence involving Conformity (711). The sense is always a sufficient guide. Thus, "It is cold enough to snow' (as a consequence of the low tem perature). "It is cold enough for winter" (in conformity with winter temperature). "A house too small to accommodate a large family." (Comp. and Conseq.) "A house too small for a boarding establishment." Comp. and Conf.)

MODELS FOR ANALYSIS.- -"We have too small a force to

conquer."

A Dec. Sentence. "We" is the Subj. of the S. W-f. The remainder is the Pred. of the Cx. W-f.; of which have" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Obj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting the DIR. SUF'G OBJ.

Force" is the B. and modified by "too small to conquer," an Adj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY, viz: MAGNITUDE.

"Small" is the B. and modified by "too (too much) to conquer," an Ad. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting DEGREE.

64

Too" is the B. and modified by "to conquer," an Adv. El. of the S. P-f. denoting CONSEQUENCE AND COMPARISON OF EQUALITY.

(The things compared are the present force, aud the force sufficient to conquer, and it is found that the former is the smaller. To conquer 99 is also a Conceived consequence of a larger force).

"Vegetables good to eat."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "vegetables" is the B. and modified by "good to eat," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY. "Good" is the B. and modified by "to eat," an Adv. El of the S. P-f. denoting CONSEQUENCE AND COMPARISON OF QUALITY.

(The things compared are the quality of the vegetables in question and those qualities which make vegetables edible and wholesome, and it is found that they are similar. "To eat" is also a conceived consequence of the quality referred to.)

"A coat too large for a boy."

An Element of the Cx. W-f.; of which "coat" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting PHYSICAL QUALITY, viz? MAGNITUDE.

"Large" is the B. and modified by "too (=too much) for a boy," an Adv El of the Cx. W-f. denoting MEAS. OF MAG.

"Too" is the B. and modified by "for a boy," an Adv. El. of the Cx. P-f. denoting COMPARISON OF INEQUAL. and CONFORMITY.

The things compared are the magnitude of the coat, and the size of one proper for a boy, and it is found that the former is the greater. The element for a boy" also expresses an idea of Conformity, i. e. the coat is larger than to be in conformity with the size of a boy.

"Men worthy to command."

An Element of the Cx. W-f,; of which "men" is the B. and modified by the remainder, an Adj El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting INTELLECTUAL QUALITY. "Worthy" is the B. (=sufficiently worthy,) and modified by "to command," an Adv. El. of the S. P-f. denoting COMP. OF EQUAL. and CONSEQUENCE OF QUALITY.

EXERCISE 95.-Analyze and define the Elements.

1. Wounded men too weak to stand. 2. Arrived too late to take the cars. 3. Children old enough to learn Grammar, 4. People too old to learn the languages. 5. Was a courtier and a patriot too. 6. Says he studies too hard. 7. Studies as much harder than you as you study harder than I. 8. Ships more beautiful than strong. 9. Ships stronger than if made of iron. 10. Ships strong enough to cross the ocean. 11. Fought as if they had been tigers. (754). 12. Masts much too large for those ships. 13. Masts large enough for a man-of-war. 14. Struck im such a blow that he fell. 15. Speaks as he thinks. 16. Speaks very much as you do. 17. The same man that I saw.

18. Unfriended indeed is he who has no friend bold enough to point out his faults. 19. Time wants not power to soften all regrets.”— Wordsworth. 20. Make not your sail too large for your ship. 21. Danger too long expected is always met too late. 22. Set not too high a value on your own abilities. 23. "Your swords are too massive for your strength.”—Shak. 24. "Patriots are grown too shrewd to be sincere."- -Cowper. 25. "Sly knavery is too hard for honest wisdom." 26. "I am not worthy that thou shouldst enter under my roof.”Bible. 27. "A needle's eye is wide enough for two friends; the whole world is too narrow for two enemies."

778.

SEC. XX.-MODE OF STATEMENT.

We have heretofore considered those Modal Elements only which express some characteristic of the action or state more or less directly. The element now under consideration regards simply the truth or falsity of the predication itself, or the evidence or proof of the same. It may conveniently be considered under six heads, viz:

1. Affirmation.

2. Negation.

3. Exclusion.

779. Affirmation may be,

1. Absolute; as, 66

4. Asseveration.

5. Evidence and Proof.
6. Reason.

Certainly true."

2. Contingent; as, "Probably true."

780. ABSOLUTE AFFIRMATION excludes all condition and uncertainty; as, "He will assuredly come."

781. The word form is expressed by such adverbs as certainly, truly, doubtless, surely, assuredly, verily, positively, actually, unquestionably, &c. 732. The phrase-form is found in such expressions as "in fact,” “of a certainty," in reality," "without doubt," &c. The clause-form rarely

Occurs

783. CONTINGENT AFFIRMATION implies some degree of doubt; as, "He will probably come."

784. The word-form is expressed by the following adverbs, viz: probably possibly, perhaps, perchance, peradventure, forsooth, haply, &c. "" without

785. The phrase-form occurs as follows: "in all probability,” much doubt," "&c.

786. Adjective Elements may express affirmation; as, "A true statement." "A probable supposition."

787. NEGATION, like Affirmation, may be either absolute or contingent. The same expressions are used as in the case of Affirmation, together with an absolute negative; as, tainly not," "probably not," "possibly not,” &c.

66 cer

738. Partial Negation is indicated by the adverbs almost, virtually, substantially, essentially, &c.; as. "The statement is substantially correct.' Negation is sometimes strengthened by the expression at all; as, "I am not

at all well "

789. Adjective Elements may express Negation; as. "An improbable story." "A most doubtful report." An untrue statement."

790.

We may, by means of the foregoing expressions, vary the certainty or uncertainty of a proposition from Absolute Affirmation to Absolute Negation. Thus,He will certainly arrive in season. season." "May possibly arrive in season." season."

"Will probably arrive in May possibly not arrive in "Will probably not arrive in season." Will hardly arrive in season. "Will certainly not arrive in season."

EXERCISE 96.-Analyze and define the Elements.

1. Shall go by all means. 2. Statements concerning his being in the conspiracy substantially correct. 3. The planets are probably inhabited, perhaps the Moon is. 4. Highly improbable reports respecting your leaving your present business. 5. A man who is a host in himself. 6. Reports substantially true respecting the defeat of the enemy. 7. Will perhaps give you money to purchase yourself some books. 8. Will assuredly do as he commanded. 9. Will not do this for the present. 10. Lends us his books on philosophy. 11. The whole army was reduced to a few hundred men. 12. Some of us were talked about.

Analyze, define the Elements, and parse.

13. "Where the heart joins not, outward acts defile not."Milton. 14. The crime and not the scaffold constitute the shame. 15. Virtue, not lineage, is the mark of nobility. 16. Levity in manners is succeeded by laxity in principles. 17. By entertaining good thoughts you will keep out evil ones. 18. Friends tie their purses with a spider's thread.

19. "O suns of Earth! attempt ye still to rise

20.

By mountains piled on mountains to the skies.
Heaven still with laughter the vain toil surveys,
And buries madmen in the heaps they raise."-Pope.
"See sons, what things you are,
How quickly nature talls into revolt
When gold becomes her object.

For this the foolish, overcareful fathers

Have broke their sleeps with thoughts,

Their brains with care, their bones with industry;

For this they have engrossed and piled up

The cankered heaps of strange achieved gold."-Shak, Henry VIII.