state of mind which (=as) injures no one.Cic. (Conseq. of Qua!.) Nemo tam tui similis invenire poterit, qui id non jure factum esse fateatur, no one can be found so much like yourself who will (as not to) not allow that it has been done rightly -Cic. (Conseq of Quan.) Quis navigavit qui non se aut mortis aut servitutis periculo committeret, who ever put to sea who did not subject (without subjecting) himself to hazard of death or servitude? (732)-Cic. (Circ'l. Conseq.)

6. The C-f. when used adverbially, is regularly an UrSUBJ. clause.

Ita vixit ut Atheniensibus esset carissimus, he so lived that he was very dear to the Athenians.-Nep. (Conseq. of Qual. 729-1.) Sic Servium diligebat ut is ejus vulgo haberetur filius, so loved Servius that he was commonly considered his son.-Nep. (Conseq. of Quan. 729-2.) Exsulta impio latrocinio ut a me non ejectus ad alienos, exult in your impious banditti, so that you may not seem to have been driven among strangers by me.-Cic. (Circ❜l. Conseq.)

7. After negative propositions and questions implying a negative, the Consequent clause is always negative. As in other cases, it may be used either adjectively or adverbially, and may take therefore either the REL. SUBJ. or the UT-SUBJ. regimen.

Nihil est opere aut manu factum. quod aliquando non conficiat et consumat vetustas, nothing was ever made by human hands which (such that) length of time will not ultimately wear away and dest. oy.-Cic. Ruere illa non possunt ut haec non concidant, those things cannot go to ruin, (in such a way) that these shall not fall (=without their falling 732).

8. The negative (non) in the REL -SUBJ. form of the consequent clause is, however, more commonly combined with the relative. The latter then takes the form quin (=qui-non).

Nihil est difficile quin investigari possit, nothing is so difficult which (=that may not be investigated.-Cic. (Conseq. of Quan 740.) Adest nemo quin videat, there is no one present who (such that he) does not see.-Cic. (Conseq. of Qual. 733) Neque sibi dari facultatem pro dignitate vivendi, quin alteru tram partem offenderet, (saw) that the privilege of living in conformity with his dignity was not afforded him but it offended (without offending 732) one party or the other.-Nep. (Circ'l. Conseq.. viz: Conseq. of Conformity 728). Neque adspexit quin eum fratricidam compelleret, rever saw him, but she called (without calling 732) him fratricide.-Nep (Circ'l. Conseq.)

9. After words of Hindering, Preventing and Opposing, the negative minus (see below NEGATION,) is frequently used, in combination with the relative, in the form quominus, (=quo minus).

Per eum stetit quominus dimicaretur, it was owing to him (his opposition) that the engagement was not made.-Cas. Non deteret sapientem mors quominus reipublicae consullat. death does not prevent a wise man so that he cannot deliberate for the republic (=from deliberating, &c.) - Cic.

10. The Quality (738) to which the Consequent clause refers is frequently only implied. Thus it is always implied with,

1. NEGATIVE PROPOSITIONS―nemo, nihil, nullus, and quis in a question implying a negative.

Nihil cogitas quod ego non audiom, you do nothing which (of such a nature that) I do not hear.-Čic. Quis est quin cernat, who is there who (of such a character that he) does not perceive.—Cic.

3. INDEFINITE and GENERAL PROPOSITIONS.

Sunt qui putent, there are some who (such that they) think.-Cics

3. RESTRICTED PROPOSITIONS with unus, solus and the like. Sapientia est una quae moe titiam pellat, wisdom is the only thing which (such that) dispels sadness.-Cic. Soli centum erant qui creari possent, there were only one hundred who (such that they) could be appointed.—Cic.

SUMMARY.

972-1, The W-f. is an adverb.

2. The P-f, is an ABL. with cum or sine; the relation-word is sometimes omitted.

3. The C-f. may be used either adjectively or adverbially.

4. The Adj. C-f. is a REL.-SUBJ. clause.

5. After negative propositions, the Rel. is combined with the negative non in the form quin; after words of Hindering, &c. the negative minus is combined in the form quominus.

6. The Adv. C-f. is an UT-SUBJ. clause.

7. The quality to which a consequent clause refers is only implied after Negative propositions, Indefinite propositions, and Restricted propositions.

COMPARISON OF RESEMBLANCE, (749-755). 973-1. The W-f. is an adverb or an adjective. Similis, similiter, like, similarly; item, in like manner.

2. The P-f. is generally a Dat.

Similis patri suo, like his father.

3. Similis takes the GEN. when reference is made to resemblance of character.

Ejus similis, like him.-Plaut.

4. The Acc. with inter and ad occurs.

Inter se similes, like one another.

5 The ABL. with cum sometimes occurs.

Eodem mecum, the same as me.

6. The C-f. when used adjectively is a REL.-INDIC. clause introduced by qualis, or by qui in the sense of qualis.

In hoc bello quale bellum nulla barbaria gessit, in this war the like of which no barbarian ever carried on.-Cic. Ea tunc erant fama qua nunc Romani feruntur, of such a reputation at that time as the Romans now enjoy.—Sall. Idem est qui semper fuit, is the same as he always was.-Cic.

7. The C-f. when used adverbially, like the C-f. of Negative Conformity, is a CONJ.-INDIC. clause introduced by ac, atque, et, ut, or quam, and referring to idem, simile, similiter, tale, juxta, perinde and proinde ;="same as," "just as.

Vita est eadem ac fuit, life is the same as it was.-Liv. Juxta bonos et malos interficere, to kill the good as well as the bad.-Sall.

COMPARISON OF DISTINCTION, (749–755). 974-1. The W-f. is an adverb or an adjective. Dissimilis, dissimilar; secus, and aliter, otherwise.

2. The P-f. is the same as for Comp. of Res. (973), and also the ABL. with ab.

Different ab oratoribus, they differ from orators.-Cic. Ab his longe diversae, far different from these.-Sall.

3. The C-f. like the C-f. of Negative Conformity, is a CONJ.-INDIC. clause introduced by ac, atque, et, ut, or quam, and referring to contra, aliter, aliud, adversus, and secus ;=contrary to, otherwise than, not so—as

Contra atque ante fuerat, contrary to what it was before.-Cic. Secus atque in mari, otherwise than (is the case) upon the sea.-Sall.

Equalem alteri parti, equal to another part.—Cic. Pariter ultimae propinquis, the remotest equally with the nearest.-Liv.

3. The ABL. with cum is sometimes used.

Sicuti mecum pariter moleste ferent, the Sicilians equally with me are indignant.-Cic. que mecum, equally with me.-Plaut.

4. The C-f. when used adjectively, is a REL.-INDIC. clause introduced by quantus, quot, quotus, and referring to their correlatives tantus, tot, totus, either expressed, or implied.

Quot homines tot causae, as many men as cases.-Cic. Tantas opportunitates habet quantas vix queo dicere, has as many chances as I can scarcely mention.-Cic.

5. The C-f. when used adverbially is a CONJ.-INDIC. clause introduced by ac, atque, et, ut, or quam, and referring to tam, pariter, aeque, totidem," as much as," &c.

Laetamur amicorum laetitia aeque atque nostra, we rejoice in the joy of our friends, as much as in our own. Cic. Qui illis aeque ac tu ipse gauderet, who would rejoice in these things as much as you yourself.-Cic. que amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus, should love our friends as much as ourselves.

COMPARISON OF INEQUALITY, (765-773).

976-1. The W-f. is an adverb, or an adjective. Maxime, especially; praecipue, particularly, chiefly, &c.

2. The P-f. is commonly an ABL. This construction, however, can be used only where the Nom. or the Acc. caseform would have been used in the equivalent C-f. (318).

Quid magis est durum saro, what is harder than rock?-Liv. (=quam saxum est). Cur olivum sanguine viperino cautius vitat, why does he shun the olive more carefully than viper's blood?—Her. (=quam sanguinem vitat).

3. The P-f. is sometimes an ABL. or an Acc. case with a relation-word (769, end).

Prae ceteris fortis, brave before others. Ante alios carissimus, most dear before others.-Nep.

4. COMP. OF INEQ. involving Inclusion (548) takes the GEN. P-f. (769).

Doctissimus Romanorum, the most learned of the Romans. Optimus omnium, the best of all.

5. The C-f. is a CONJ.-INDIC cl. introduced by quam. rarely by ac or atque.

Meliorem quam ego sum, one better than I am.-Plaut.

6. The verb is frequently omitted (771).

Minor quam Britannia (est), smaller than Britain (is).-Cæs.

17.

This Element, when it involves other modifiers, has, of course, no influence on the regular grammatical regimen of the latter.

Agris quam urbi terribilior, more terrible to the country than to the city. (Comp. with Obj. of Int. 919-2).-Liv. Omnes fontes aestate quam hieme sunt gelidiores, all fountains are colder in winter than in summer. (Comp. with Time 931, 1).

When, however, it modifies an INF. cl. it takes, by a kind of attraction, the INF. regimen also.

Multo me vigilare acrius ad salutem quam te ad perniciem (esse) rei publicae, that I am much more watchful for the safety, than (that) you are for the destruction of the republic.-Cic.

9. This is unlike the English idiom. (Think) him to be wiser than you are, not "than you to be."

10. When the Comparison has reference to different qualities in the same object (766), unlike the English, both adjectives or adverbs take the comparative degree.

Triumphus clarior quam gratior, a triumph more famous than (more) accep table.-Liv. Fortius quam felicius bellum gesserunt, carried on war more bravely than (more) successfully.—Cic.

11. Tacitus uses the English idiom.

Vehementius quam caute, more vigorously than cautiously.

COMPARISON AND PURPOSE.*

977-1. The P-f. is the Acc. with ad referring to satis,= sufficiently, enough.

Satis paratum ad tantum bellum, sufficiently prepared for so great a war. 2. The C-f. is an UT-SUBJ. clause, referring to satis,= sufficient, enough; or to is or tantus, in the sense of satis.

An ne eas quidem vires senectute relinquemus ut adolescentulos doceat? shall we not leave to cld age even that (=sufficient) strength to teach the youth?— Cic. Tantum cibi et potionis adhibendum ut reficiantur vires. only food and drink enough should be taken to restore our strength,-Cic.

3. With the adjectives Dignus, Indignus, Aptus, and Idoneus a REL. SUBJ. is used (939, 11).

Pompeius idoneus non est qui imperet, Pompey is not fit to commînd.—Cic. 4. When COMP. OF INEQ. is combined with Purpose and Object, the same construction as the above is used; excepting that a Comp. Degree with quam is used instead of satis, &c., before the Element of Purpose.

Indulgebat sibi liberalius quam ut invidiam vulgi posset efflugere, indulged himself too freely to be able to escape the hatred of the populace.-Nep.

5. COMP. OF INEQ. with CONFORMITY (712). The P-f- is expressed by quam and pro with the ABL.

Praelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium, a battle too bloody for the number engaged.-Liv. Minor quam pro tumultu caed s, a slaughter too insignificant for the demonstration made.--Tac.

"

Sec. XIX, p. 191, should be Comparison with Purpose. Read Purpose" for "Consequence" in all that section.