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warding the most infamous crimes? Will you teach your children that there is no guilt in murder? Will you instruct them to think lightly of dueling, and train them up to destroy, or be destroyed, in the bloody field?

5. Will you bestow your suffrage, when you know that by withholding it, you may arrest this deadly evil; when this, too, is the only way in which it can be done, and when the present is perhaps the only period in which resistance can avail; when the remedy is so easy, so entirely in your power; and when God, if you do not punish these guilty men, will most inevitably punish you?

6. If the widows and orphans, which this wasting evil has created and is yearly multiplying, might all stand before you, could you witness their tears, and listen to their details of anguish? Should they point to the murderers of their fathers, their husbands, and their children, and lift up their voices, and implore your aid to arrest an evil which has made them desolate, could you disregard their cry?

7. Before their eyes, could you approach the poll, and patronize by your vote the destroyers of their peace? Had you beheld a dying father, conveyed bleeding and agonizing to his distracted family; had you heard their piercing shrieks, and witnessed their frantic agony, would you reward the savage man who had plunged them in distress?

8. Had the duelist destroyed your neighbor; had your own father been killed by the man who solicits your suffrage; had your son been brought to the door, pale in death, and weltering in blood, laid low by his hand, would you then think the crime a small one? Would you honor with your confidence, and elevate to power by your vote, the guilty monster? And what would you think of your neighbors, if, regardless of your agony, they should reward him?

9. And yet such scenes of unutterable anguish are multiplied every year. Every year the duelist is cutting down the neighbor of somebody. Every year, and many times in

the year, a father is brought dead or dying to his family, or a son laid breathless at the feet of his parents. And, every year, you are patronizing by your votes the men who commit these crimes, and looking with cold indifference upon, and even mocking the sorrows of your neighbor.

10. Beware, I admonish you solemnly to beware, and especially such of you as have promising sons preparing for active life, lest, having no feeling for the sorrows of another, you are called to weep for your own sorrow; lest your song fall by the hand of the very murderer you vote for, or by the hand of some one whom his example has trained to the work of blood.

EXERCISE III.

THE LAW OF PROGRESS.-M. HOPKINS, D. D.

Direct Questions with their Answers.

1. I propose to make some remarks as to what has been called "The law of progress of our race toward a state of human perfectibility." What, then, is the true idea of progress? And here, I observe, that the idea of progress presupposes a definite object to be attained, and an actual movement toward that object.

2. Are excitement and agitation, simply, prógress? The movement may be without direction. Is wár, attended with conquests, progress in human perfectibility? Then there is progress when the science, the implements, and the art of war, are becoming more pèrfect. Is lúxury, with sensual gratifications, the leading idéa? Then there is progress when a new dish is invented, or a new source of sensual gratification discovered.

3. Is wealth the leading idea? when the country is becoming rìch.

Then is there progress

Is the power of mav

over external náture, or líberty, or equality, or the perfection of the fine arts, the leading idéa? Then would there be progress in an approximation to the attainment of these. But would there be a true progress in the advancement of society toward any, or all of these énds? Yès, on condition, and only on condition, that society should attain a true ènd, and not a means.

4. Is it a fact, that tribes, that nations, that continents, in which no physical condition of progress was wánting, have always made such prógress? History affords no such èvidence. Was it true of the tribes of this country, when discovered? Were they making prógress? By no means, but rather going on, even toward extinction. Was it not even so with the race, comparatively civilized, that preceded thém? Let the voice of ruined cities, and the remains of ancient art and civilization, scattered over this continent, answer.

5. Have those many generations, who have been raised on the shoulders of their predecessors, throughout all the islands of the Pacific Ocean, made true, social progress? Navigators have truthfully answered. Has Egypt, once so mighty, but now so long the basest of kingdoms, made progress? Her present degradation evinces the contrary. Have the unnumbered millions in central Africa, and in southern regions, made progress? Certainly not.

6. Has there been any progress, for a thousand years, in India or China? It cannot be pretended. Has there, in Tartary or Persia? in Arabia or Turkey? No progress whatever, leading toward human perfectibility, is discoverable in their civil or social condition.

7. Do not the Chinese and the Hindoos now use astronomical tables, of the principles of whose construction they know nothing? So far have the principal nations of Asia been from making progress within the last thousand years, that it would be hazarding nothing to assert, that they have

actually deteriorated. What, then, becomes of the law of progress, when such vast masses are not acted upon by such law?

SECTION II.

RULE 2. Words, clauses, and direct questions, connected by the disjunctive or, generally require the rising slide before, and the falling after it.

EXAMPLES.

1. It was true or false, right or wròng, júst or unjust.

2. It was black or white, green or rèd, roúgh or smooth.

3. It was a young man or an òld man, a shórt man or a tàll

man.

4. Does Cæsar * deserve fáme, or blame?

5. Do you seek wealth, or pòwer?

6. Shall we advánce, or retrèat?

7. Is the chain of being upheld by Gód, or thee?

8. Does Bonaparte † merit práise, or blame, for not committing suicide, when banished to St Helena ?

9. Was it an act of moral coúrage, or of còwardice, for Cato to fall on his sword?

NOTE. When nouns are connected in pairs by the conjunction and, the former has the rising, and the latter, the falling inflection.

QUESTIONS. What is the rule for words, clauses, and direct questions, connected by the disjunctive or? Give examples. When nouns are connected in pairs by the conjunction and, what inflections do they take?

* Cæ ́sar, (Julius,) a Roman general, statesman, and historian. Cæsar was a title of honor of the five Roman emperors, following Julius Cæsar, and ending with Nero.

↑ Bo ́na-parte, (Napoleon,) a distinguished general and emperor of France, boru on the island of Corsica in 1769, and died on the island of St. Helena in 1821.

Ca'to, an orator, general, and tribune of Rome, born 93 B. C., and, in consequence of a defeat, stabbed himself with his own sword in 44 B. C., and expired.

EXAMPLES.

1. While the earth remaineth, seéd-time and harvest, cold and hèat, súmmer and wìnter, and dáy and nìght, shall not cease. 2. The wise and the foòlish, the virtuous and the vile, the learned and the ignorant, the témperate and the pròfligate, must often be blended together.

EXERCISE.

1. Is it lawful on the Sabbath days to do good, or to do èvil? to save life, or to destroy it?

2. Has God forsaken the works of his own hands? or does he always graciously presèrve, and keèp, and guide them?

3. The pain is all the same, whether we are hurt by a mád or a blind man.

4. With regard to those who are undone, it avails little, whether it be by a man who decéives them, or by one who is himself deceived.

5. The law of God is a perfect rule of right, whether it be applied to the high or the low, the rích or the poor, the learned or the unlearned, the king or the bèggar, rúler or rùled, sérvant or màster, bláck or white, bónd or frèe.

6. Such was Demosthenes. The mighty flood of speech rolls on in a channel, ever full, but never overflows. Whether it rushes in a torrent of allusions, or moves along in a majestic exposition of enlarged principles; whether it descends, hoarse and headlong, in overwhelming invective, or glides melodiously in narrative and description; its course is ever onward, and ever entire; never scattered, never stagnant, never sluggish.

7. I love to look upon a young man; yet, I silently ask myself, what will that youth accomplish in after-life? Will he take rank with the benefactors, or the scourgers of his

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