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THE

SPECTATOR.

No. I. THURSDAY, MARCH 1, 1710-11.

Non fumum ex fulgore, fed ex fumo dare lucem
Cogitat, ut fpeciofa dehinc miracula promat.

One with a flash begins, and ends in smoke;
The other out of fmoke brings glorious light,
And (without raifing expectation high)
Surprizes us with dazzling miracles.

HOR

ROSCOMMON.

HAVE obferved, that a reader feldom peruses a book with pleasure, till he knows whether the writer of it be a back or a fair man, of a mild or choleric difpofition, married or a bachelor; with other particulars of the like nature, that conduce very much to the right understanding of an author. To gratify this curiofity, which is fo natural to a reader, I defign this paper and my next as prefatory difcourfes to my following writings, and fhal give fome account in them of the feveral perfons that are engaged in this work. As the chief trouble of compiling, digefting, and correcting, will fall to my fhare, I must do myself the juftice to open the work with my own history.

I was born to a small hereditary eftate, which, according to the tradition of the village where it lies, was bounded by the fame hedges and ditches in William the Conqueror's time that it is at present, and has been deliyered down from father to fon whole and entire, without the lofs or acquifition of a fingle field or meadow,

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during

during the space of fix hundred years. There runs a ftory in the family, that when my mother was gone with child of me about three months, the dreamt that she was brought-to-bed of a Judge: Whether this might proceed from a law-fuit which was then depending in the family, or my father's being a juftice of the peace, I cannot determine; for I am not fo vain as to think it prefaged any dignity that I fhould arrive at in my future life, though that was the interpretation which the neighbourhood put upon it. The gravity of my behaviour at my very firft appearance in the world, and all the time that I fucked, feemed to favour my mother's dream; for, as he has often told me, I threw away my rattle before I was two months old, and would not make ufe of my coral until they had taken away the bells from it.

As for the rest of my infancy, there being nothing in it remarkable, I fhall pass it over in filence. I find, that, during my nonage, I had the reputation of a very fullen youth; but was always a favourite of my schoolmaster, who used to fay, "that my parts were folid, and would "wear well." I had not been long at the univerfity, before I diftinguished myself by a most profound filence; for during the fpace of eight years, excepting in the publick exercises of the college, I fcarce uttered the quantity of an hundred words; and, indeed, do not remember that I ever spoke three fentences together in my whole life. Whilft I was in this learned body, I applied myfelf with fo much diligence to my ftudies, that there are very few celebrated books, either in the learned or the modern tongues, which I am not acquainted with.

Upon the death of my father, I was refolved to travel into foreign countries; and therefore left the univerfity, with the character of an odd, unaccountable fellow, that had a great deal of learning, if I would but thew it. An infatiable thirst after knowledge carried me into all the countries of Europe, in which there was any thing new or ftrange to be feen; nay, to fuch a degree was my curioufity raised, that having read the controverfics of fome great men concerning the antiquities of

Egypt,

Egypt, I made a voyage to Grand Cairo, on purpose to take the measure of a pyramid; and as foon as I had fet myself right in that particular, returned to my native country with great fatisfaction.

I have paffed my latter years in this city, where I am frequently feen in moft public places, though there are not above half a dozen of my felect friends that know me; of whom my next paper fhall give a more particular account. There is no place of general refort, wherein I do not often make my appearance; fometimes I am feen thrufting my head into a round of politicians at Will's, and listening with great attention to the narratives that are made in thofe little circular audiences. Sometimes I smoke a pipe at Child's, and, whilst I seem attentive to nothing but the Postman, overhear the converfation of every table in the room. I appear on Sunday nights at St. James's coffee-houfe; and fometimes join the little committee of politicks in the inner room, as one who comes there to hear and improve. My face is likewife very well known at the Grecian, the CocoaTree, and in the theatres both of Drury-Lane and the Hay-Market. I have been taken for a merchant upon the Exchange for above these ten years, and fometimes pafs for a Jew in the affembly of ftock-jobbers at Jonathan's. In short, wherever I fee a cluster of people, I always mix with them, though I never open my lips but in my own club.

Thus I live in the world rather as a fpectator of mankınd, than as one of the fpecies; by which means I have made myfelf a fpeculative ftatefman, foldier, merchant, and artifan, without ever meddling with any practical part in life. I am very well verfed in the theory of a husband or a father; and can discern the errors in the œconomy, bufinefs, and diverfion of others, better than thofe who are engaged in them; as ftandersby discover blots, which are apt to efcape those who are in the game. I never efpoufed any party with violence, and am refolved to obferve an exact neutrality between the Whigs and Tories, unlefs I fhall be forced to declare myself by the hoftilities of either fide. In

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fhort,

fhort, I have acted in all the parts of my life as a looker-on, which is the character I intend to preferve in this paper.

In

I have given the reader juft fo much of my history and character, as to let him fee I am not altogether unqualified for the bufinefs I have undertaken. As for other particulars in my life and adventures, I fhall in. fert them in following papers as I fhall fee occafion. the mean time, when I confider how much I have feen, read, and heard, I begin to blame my own taciturnity; and fince I have neither time nor inclination to communicate the fulness of my heart in fpeech, I am refolved to do it in writing, and to print myfelf out, if poffible, before I die. I have been often told by my friends, that it is a pity fo many ufeful difcoveries which I have made fhould be in the poffeffion of a filent man. For this reafon therefore, I fhall publish a fheet-full of thoughts every morning, for the benefit of my contemporaries; and if I can any way contribute to the diverfion or improvement of the country in which I live, I fhall leave it, when I am fummoned out of it, with the fecret fatisfaction of thinking that I have not lived in vain.

There are three very material points which I have not fpoken to in this paper; and which, for feveral important reafons I muft keep to myfelf, at least for fome time: I mean, an account of my name, my age, and my lodgings. I must confefs, I would gratify my Reader in any thing that is reasonable; but as for thefe three. particulars, though I am fenfible they might tend very much to the embellishment of my paper, I cannot yet come to a refolution of communicating them to the Public. They would indeed draw me out of that obfcurity which I have enjoyed for many years, and expofe me. in public places to feveral falutes and civilitics, which have been always very difagreeable to me; for the greateft pain I can fuffer is, the being talked to, and being ftared at. It is for this reafon likewife, that I keep my complexion and drefs as very great fecrets; though it is

not

not impoffible, but I may make difcoveries of both in the progrefs of the work I have undertaken.

After having been thus particular upon myself, I fhall in to-morrow's paper give an account of those Gentlemen who are concerned with me in this work; for, as I have before intimated, a plan of it is laid and concerted, as all other matters of importance are, in a club. However, as my friends have engaged me to stand in the front, thofe, who have a mind to correfpond with me, may direct their letters to the Spectator, at Mr. Buckley's in Little-Britain For I muft further acquaint the reader, that though our club meet only on Tuesdays and Thurfdays, we have appointed a committee to fit every night for the infpection of all fuch papers as may contribute to the advancement of the public weal.

C,

No. II. FRIDAY, MARCH 2.

Aft alii fex

Et plures uno conclamant ore

Six more at least join their consenting voice.

Juv.

THE firft of our fociety is a Gentleman of Worcefterfhire, of ancient defcent, a baronet, his name Sir Roger de Coverley. His great grandfather was inventor of that famous country-dance which is called after him. All who know that thire are very well acquainted with the parts and merits of Sir Roger. He is a gentleman that is very fingular in his behaviour, but his fingularities proceed from his good fenfe, and are contradictions to the manners of the world, only as he thinks the world is in the wrong. However, this humour creates him no ememies, for he does nothing with fournefs or obftinacy; and his being unconfined to modes and forms makes him but the readier and more capable to please and oblige all who know him. When he is in

town

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