GENUS PUCCINIA. P. Fallens. (New Species.) Maculis obliteratis; Soris amphigenis, paucis, sparsis, rotundatis; sporidiis obovatis longi pedicellatis, fulvis vix constrictis spisporio lævi. On vicia sepium. (Gilbrook.) Sori, few and small, scattered, intermixed with pustules of Trichobasis. Sporidia obovate, on rather long pedicels, of a tawny colour, and slightly constricted at the septum. Epispore, smooth, apparently not common, and, as far as I can ascertain, undescribed. D. B. F. M. C. C. p. 9, 1865. СӔОМАСЕІ. GENUS UROMYCES. U. Polygoni. (New British Species.) Cauline. Sori, elongated and confluent, convex, surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis. Sporidia subglobose or globose, smooth, yellowish brown; pedicels very long, thick hyaline, persistent. Fuckel-fungi Rhen, Exs. n. 399 (" Capitularia polygoni"); Rabh. Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 449; Herb. Myc, ed. 1 n. 1995; Fung. Eur. n. 185. "Uredo longipes," Lasch; U. clavigara, Lasch, fide, Rabh. "Puccinia vagi"nalium," Link. sp. pl. (in part), on the stems of Polygonum aviculare; Bootle. I do not see that this species offers any features whereby its separation from Uromyces can be maintained. Hence I have not adopted Dr. Rabenhorst's genus Capitularia. The same may be said of Fuckel's genus puccinella, which I believe that the author himself has abandoned. D. B. F. M. C. C. p. 10, 1865. GENUS UREdo. U. Orchidis. (New British Species.) Mart. Amphigenous, spots reddish brown. Sori subrotund, arranged in circles, often confluent. Sporidia subglobose, golden yellow. Mart. H. Mosq. 229; Cooke, Fungi Brit, Exs. n. 61. Uredo confluens v. orchidis, Alb. and Sch. p. 122. Uredo circinalis a orchidis, Strauss, wett. Amr. ii, 88. Cæoma orchidium Lk. sp. pl. ii, p. 9. On leaves of Listera ovata and orchis latifolia; Crosby. June, 1865. D. B. F. M. C. C. p. 12. SOME INTERESTING FEATURES OF A NEGLECTED ROMAN STATION, BROUGH-UNDER-STAINMOOR. By Henry Ecroyd Smith. (READ JANUARY 4TH, 1866.) THAT Brough-under-Stainmoor in Westmoreland is the site of a Roman Station no English antiquary has, I believe, refused to accept as a fact, although some sceptical writers, apparently with very little reason, have questioned if not denied its identification with the Verteræ of the Roman Itinera, as fully accredited by our good old authorities, Camden, Horsley, Burton and Gough. It is satisfactory, however, to find the ablest archeologists of the present day coinciding with their worthy predecessors-the approaching lines of the Roman roadway being still traceable, whilst the distances from clearly recognised stations alike prove confirmatory of the earlier appropriation. Horsley remarks*"Verteræ is no doubt rightly fixed at Brugh-under-Stanemore. "The course of the military way is absolutely certain. The "remains are generally so grand, and it is so rarely interrupted, "and then only for so short a space, that we never have the "least difficulty about it. And thus it continues to go on by "Bowes to Cataract." The approaches from the south-east are yet unusually • Brit. Rom., p. 410. interesting to the antiquary, who, starting say from Brough Hall, near Catterick Bridge, Yorkshire, the site of the ancient Cataractonium, pursues the Watling Street to Greta Bridge, near which is a small Roman camp, situate between the Greta and one of its no less picturesque tributaries called Tutta, a name evidently derived from one of the presiding goddesses of the Latins, Tutela. About this intrenched mound, as the poet says "Raised by that Legion, long renowned, "Whose votive shrine attests their claim several inscribed stones, including an altar dedicated by the Sixth legionaries, have been found, and are now preserved at the neighbouring Rokeby Hall. Hence the visitor proceeds directly west, leaving Barnard Castle to the north, through Bowes, formerly Lavatra, where inscribed stones have also occurred, and commences the rise of Stainmoor or Stanemore, one of the most dreary and inhospitable of the many elevated, rocky and barren moorland regions which, throughout its great extent, mark the western confines of the Yorkshire province. Dr. Gale seems to have dubbed this "Arabia Petræa" of the north of England, Saxetum. From Bowes to Brough the distance is only about thirteen miles; yet throughout the greater portion no house is to be met with save the Spittal and toll-house near the summit. The former (often spelled Spittle) is a modification of the ancient hospital given to the Nunnery of Maryke before 1171. A quarter of a mile in advance is the toll-gate and house where formerly the remains of a Roman miliary or mile stone was standing, all the relics of its original inscription being COHV. A few hundred yards nearer Brough, part of the shaft of a stone pillar or cross appears, called indifferently Roy, Rey and Rere Cross; in some recent maps (as Phillip's) being still more barbarously corrupted into Bear-cross. An ancient pillar would seem to have been erected here by a so-called King Marius, "supposed "by some to be Arviragus the Briton; others contend for his 66 being that Marius who was elected Emperor in opposition to Gallienus, and is reported by historians to have been so strong that, instead of veins in his fingers, he had sinews." () In place of the earlier monument, for such there was, by whomsoever raised, a cross was erected shortly subsequent to the Conquest, to commemorate William's ratification of his treaty of peace with Malcolm of Scotland, the latter having thereby agreed to do homage to the Conqueror for that part of Northumberland lying between the Tweed, Cumberland and this very Stanemoor, where moreover it was arranged "to raise a cross with the King of England's image upon one side, and that of the King of Scotland on the "other. It was called Rere Cross, that is to say, the Cross "of the Kings."+ The relic of this shaft now retains no mark. It is fixed in a socket of stone close to the road side, and in the midst of one of the finest Roman camps existing even in the North of England; and although the surface within is somewhat undulated, yet the various compartments, together with the Decuman and other main gates, can be traced very distinctly. Farther down the western declivity of Stainmoor-to the left of this, the Maiden Way-and adjacent to a branch road from it to Caer-vorran on the Wall, a second Roman camp, but of smaller dimensions, is to be seen. It is generally known by the name of "Maiden Castle," in common with others in England, a second existing at no great distance at Old Durham, whilst a much finer example is extant in Dorsetshire. From the following description rendered us by Leland, it formerly exhibited many features of interest now lost, appearing little more than a rectangular Treb. Pollio in vit ejus. Gough's Camden, vol. iii. earthwork. "Ther is a place an VIII mile plain west from "Bowis a thoroughfare in Richmondshire cawlled Maiden "Castle, where is a great round kepe, a 60 foot in cumpace, "of rude stones, sum smawl, sum big, and be set in formam pyramidis, and in the top of them all is set one stone in conum, being a yard and half in length, so that the whole may be counted an 18 foot high, and is set on a hill in the very edge of Stanemore, and this is a limes between Rich"mondshire and Westmoreland. * * * Maiden Castle, "6 where now there is nothing but a hill dyked, is hard by the "east side of Wathelyng Street, five miles a this side "Brough."* From the north-west or mouth of the Eden, which, with its tributaries, waters the district, the ancient approach to Brough lay by Carlisle and Wheallep (now Whelp) Castle, the remains of the latter having almost if not wholly disappeared, incorporated, in common with those of the Roman station here, in the buildings of the modern village of Kirby-thore. A short distance thence, and the site of a large camp is reached, 300 yards long by 150 wide, commanded by "a small fort, "called Maiden-hold, which seems to have been a guard-house "or watch-tower of the camp, and by its name may possibly "have some relation to the 'Maiden Way,' at Kirby Thore, ' and 'Maiden Castle,' upon Stainmore."+ It seems rather difficult to determine which roads or portions of roads properly bore the designation of Maiden way; but so far as the writer can judge, it commences at Solway Frith, the ancient "Itunæ "Estuarium," proceeding by Carlisle, Wheallep Castle and Brough, over Stainmoor into the Brigantian territory. A northern branch of the same name branched off to the north • Itin., v, 116; viii, 70. + Burn i, 381, 385, vide Gough's Camden, iii, p. 412. For remarks upon the etymology of these names, vide Mr. Pegge, in Gentleman's Magazine, 1755, vol. xxv, 273. Mr. Gough derives Maiden from Mai-dun, a great ridge. |