Cosmopolitan Europe

Preface p. xii 1 Introduction: The European Malaise and Why the Idea of Cosmopolitan Europe Could Overcome It p. 1 1 Rethinking Europe p. 1 2 What is meant by cosmopolitan Europe? p. 5 2.1 What is Europe? p. 6 2.2 What is cosmopolitanism? p. 11 2.3 Sociological and political cosmopolitanism: from the national to the cosmopolitan outlook in research on Europe p. 17 Institutionalized cosmopolitanism p. 19 Deformed cosmopolitanism p. 20 Cosmopolitan realism p. 20 3 European self-delusions p. 21 3.1 The national self-delusion p. 21 3.2 The neoliberal self-delusion p. 23 3.3 The technocratic self-delusion p. 24 3.4 The Eurocentric self-delusion p. 25 2 The Reflexive Modernization of Europe p. 28 1 From the first to the second modernity: Europeanization revisited - from the perspective of the theory of reflexive modernization p. 28 2 Europe and the reflexive modernization of state and society p. 31 3 The inclusive Europe p. 33 4 Europeanization as regime of side effects p. 35 5 Europeanization as transformative regime p. 40 6 Europeanization as self-propelling regime p. 46 3 Cosmopolitan Empire: Statehood and Political Authority in the Process of Europeanization p. 50 1 The national either/or Europe and its predicaments p. 50 2 State and empire p. 54 2.1 What is meant by empire? p. 54 2.2 State and empire in comparison p. 56 2.3 Empire and models of international order in comparison p. 58 2.4 Imperium and empire: historical variants of imperial constitution of order p. 60 2.5 Features of the European Empire p. 62 Feature 1 Asymmetrical political order p. 63 Feature 2 Open, variable spatial structure p. 64 Feature 3 Multinational societal structure p. 65 Feature 4 Integration through law, consensus and cooperation p. 66 Feature 5 Welfare vs. security p. 67 Feature 6 Horizontal and vertical institutional integration p. 68 Feature 7 Network power p. 69 Feature 8 Cosmopolitan sovereignty p. 70 Feature 9 Ambivalence of delimitation and limitation p. 71 Feature 10 Emancipatory vs. repressive cosmopolitanism p. 71 3 European Empire and the transcendence of the nation-state p. 72 3.1 The function of the nation-states in the European Empire p. 72 3.2 The modus operandi of the European Empire p. 75 4 European sovereignty as a positive-sum game p. 77 4.1 The politics of interdependence p. 79 4.2 The politics of golden handcuffs: on the reflexive self-interest of cosmopolitan states p. 81 4.3 Capital of trust: obligating others p. 84 5 The cosmopolitan organization of diversity: the European Empire and its contradictions p. 86 Constitutional tolerance p. 87 Transnational diversity p. 88 Transnational incrementalism p. 89 Ordered pluralism p. 90 Reflexive decisionism p. 91 Multiple memberships p. 92 4 European Social Space: On the Social Dynamics of Variable Borders p. 94 1 On the Europe-blindness of sociology: critique of the fixation of Europe research on the state p. 94 2 Horizontal Europeanization: questions, indicators, empirical developments p. 98 2.1 Language p. 99 2.2 Identity p. 102 2.3 Education p. 105 Educational curriculums p. 105 Educational mobility p. 108 2.4 The economy p. 109 Labour market p. 109 Companies p. 112 3 Empirical cosmopolitan social theory of Europeanization p. 113 3.1 The problem p. 113 3.2 European society as interdependence p. 117 3.3 European society as mobility p. 120 European integration through European expansion p. 122 The internalization of external conflicts p. 124 3.4 European society as civil society p. 125 The uncoupling of nation and civil rights p. 125 Civil society from above? p. 127 3.5 European society as civilization p. 129 3.6 European society as memory p. 131 5 Strategies of European Cosmopolitanization p. 136 1 European cosmopolitanization as a meta-power game p. 137 2 Strategies of Europeanization p. 141 2.1 State strategies p. 142 Nationalistic egoism p. 143 Intergovernmental minimalism p. 143 Cosmopolitan realism p. 144 Cosmopolitan idealism p. 145 2.2 Capital strategies p. 146 National protectionism p. 146 European protectionism p. 147 European neoliberalism p. 147 Global neoliberalism p. 148 2.3 Technocratic strategies p. 148 3 Deformations of cosmopolitan Europe p. 150 3.1 The economic deformation p. 150 3.2 The nationalist deformation p. 151 3.3 The bureaucratic deformation p. 153 4 Strategies of European cosmopolitanization p. 155 4.1 Cunning of reason? The side-effects power of the global economy and its limits p. 155 4.2 Cosmopolitanization from below: the role of civil society movements p. 157 4.3 Cosmopolitanization from outside: Europeanization and global political cosmopolitanism p. 158 4.4 Cosmopolitanization from above: supranational institutions and civil society movements p. 160 5 What makes cosmopolitanization strategies realistic? p. 161 Europeanization as positive-sum game p. 162 Problems of perception or conversion p. 162 The problematic of interest-transformation p. 162 5.1 Risk shock and its strategic utilization p. 163 5.2 Pioneering strategy p. 165 5.3 Value strategy p. 167 5.4 The prospects of strategies of Europeanization: the examples of migration and provision for the elderly p. 168 6 Inequality and Recognition: Europe-Wide Social Conflicts and their Political Dynamics p. 171 1 Critique of methodological nationalism in the sociology of inequality and research on the welfare state p. 174 2 Mobile borders, mobile patterns of inequality? p. 175 3 European regions as conflict patterns of European inequalities p. 178 4 Mobile 'We' and mobile 'Others'? p. 180 5 The recognition-inequality dilemma: on the intersection of conflicts over inequality and conflicts over the recognition of difference p. 185 6 To what extent can and should a cosmopolitan Europe promote solidarity? p. 189 7 On the Dialectic of Globalization and Europeanization: External Contradictions of Cosmopolitan Europe p. 192 1 The cosmopolitan deficit: critique of the Eurocentric outlook in the debate on Europe p. 193 2 World risk society: outline of a theory p. 197 2.1 General theorems p. 197 Global risks as a social construction p. 198 Global risk as reflexive globality p. 198 War without wars p. 198 Manufactured uncertainty p. 199 Uncertainty authorizes perception p. 199 Blurred lines of conflict p. 200 The politics of empowerment p. 200 The failure of national and international regulatory systems p. 200 The new politics of uncertainty p. 201 The politics of risk construction and risk minimization p. 201 Side effects of side effects: risk paradoxes p. 202 Implications for the social sciences p. 202 2.2 The reality and unreality of global risks as a product of cultural perceptions p. 203 2.3 Divergent logics of global risks: on the distinction between economic, environmental and terrorist risks p. 206 2.4 The European public sphere and civil society can be understood and developed as a response to world risk society p.