10. Take whichever you like.

II. Each of the children has peculiar traits.

12. Give him that book.

13. Ye crags and peaks, I'm with you once again.

14. I could not say that it was he.

15. They had few books in their library.

16. To whom will you go for help.

17. I supposed it to be her.

GENERAL EXERCISE B

235. Insert the proper form of the pronoun in the blank spaces below.

I. shall I give the letter to (who, whom)?

2. Mary is older than

3.

does he think it

4. It must have been

5. It may have been

(I, me).

could have been? (who, whom). -that you saw (her, she).

that you heard (we, us).

6. I should never have imagined it to be

7.

did you take her to be? (who, whom).

8. We gave it to a man

(who, whom).

(he, him).

we thought was your friend

9. It seems that they, as well as

house (we, us).

10. They did not fare any better than II. Frank and

had mistaken the

(we, us).

soon began to quarrel (he, him).

12. She is older than (I, me). 13. It was not

that gave it to me (he, him). 14. How could anyone get such an idea into

(his, their).

head?

CHAPTER XI

ADJECTIVES AND ADJECTIVE EQUIVALENTS

236. The Function of Adjectives.-Sometimes, just to name an object is all that is needed. Often, however, it is necessary, in order to designate it definitely, that we join with it some other word or words. These words may give some quality of the object; they may indicate which, how many, or how much; they may apply a particular name to the noun, or they may point it out or designate it much as pronouns do.

237. The Classes of Adjectives.-There are, if we classify them according to their uses, two general classes of adjectives, the descriptive and the limiting. The former has to do with the qualities of things, their appearance, and the like. The latter points out which thing is referred to, or how many are to be considered.

238. Limiting Adjectives.-There are four kinds of limiting, or demonstrative, adjectives, as follows: The Articles: There is a new book on the table.

Proper:

Numeral:

European institutions were transplanted to
American soil.

There are several men in the first row.

Pronominal: This chair is of their make.

EXERCISE A

239. Make the nouns in the following sentences more definite by inserting descriptive modifiers in the blank spaces:

1. There was

2. One of the

are not

3. On a mountain.

things you will learn there, is that you

the person to be considered.

morning we made our first trip up the

240. Supply limiting adjectives, sometimes called adjectives of quantity, in the following sentences:

7.

profit is to be expected this year. 8. Please send me dozen pencils. 9. The caravan disappeared behind10. I have- work to last all week.

II.

- mountain ?

men could do so work in a day as he can.

12. How apples did you buy.

EXERCISE C

241. By supplying proper adjectives or pronominal adjectives, make the nouns definite in the following

sentences:

1. The

2.

constitution has been amended several times. man is the first I have seen here this season. name for the dish.

3. We did not know the

8. He was the last man I expected to see. 9. He has friends on whom he can depend. IO. I do not care for - kind of people.

II. plan will be satisfactory to me. are much changed in

12. Customs 13. In the

14.
15. The

16. The

days.

oak.

corner of the room stood a table of pupil will be expected to be present on Monday. exertion brings on a violent fit of coughing. block is built up with houses.

242. Adjectives as Nouns.-Often it becomes convenient to use adjectives, with or without the definite article, just as a noun would be used. In such cases, the words perform the functions of nouns and drop

their adjective functions entirely. They must, therefore, be regarded as nouns.

EXAMPLES

1. And young and old came forth to play On a sunshine holiday.

2. He sought the beautiful in all things.

243. The Comparison of Adjectives. We have seen that it is the business of one class of adjectives to express the idea of quantity with respect to nouns. Now, adjectives are compared to indicate the amount or degree of the quality attributed to nouns. Adjectives are compared in three different ways:

1. By adding er and est.

2. By prefixing the adverbs more, most, less, least. 3. By entire change of word.

244. The Use of the Comparative Degree.-The comparative degree is used when only two things are compared. One has a larger amount or degree of the quality expressed by the adjective than the other has.

1. John is taller than I.

EXAMPLES

2. Mary is the taller girl of the two.

245. The Use of the Superlative Degree.-The superlative degree is used when one object is compared with more than one other object, possibly with all others. It indicates that the one object has the quality in the highest or lowest degree.