EXERCISE A 339. Give the reasons for the punctuation used in the following sentences: ful. 1. Come, all ye jolly shepherds. 2. For Brutus, as you know, was Cæsar's angel. 3. Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up. 4. Now, sir, what can I do for you? 5. This new plan, it seems to me, can not fail to be success 6. The next step, therefore, is to collect the necessary material. 7. Victoria, queen of England, died in 1901. 8. Sink or swim, live or die, survive or perish, I give my hand and my heart to this vote. 9. Trust for success to work, not to luck. 10. Look forward, not back. II. It was a beautiful, warm, sunshiny day in early spring. 12. Consequently, I have nothing more to say. EXERCISE B 340. Punctuate the following sentences and give reasons: I. "Nay now my child" said Alice the nurse. "But keep the secret all ye can" 2. Break break break On thy cold gray stones O sea 3. Then sing ye birds sing sing a joyous song 4. Come now Mary do not be vexed at such a trifle 5. This you understand is the last time I shall speak of it 6. Sweet and low sweet and low Wind of the western sea Low low breathe and blow Wind of the western sea. 7. The whole neighborhood abounded with local tales. haunted spots and twilight superstitions. 8. Through sunshine and shadow through life and death together for sixty years they had walked 9. A perfect woman nobly planned To warn to comfort and command 10. For the love of heaven of generosity of justice of the honor of your noble name hesitate no longer 341. Dependent and Conditional Clauses.-Dependent and conditional clauses, commonly introduced by such words as when, while, if, although, unless, and whereas, should be cut off from the rest of the sentence, by commas, unless the connection is close. EXAMPLES 1. If you can do the work, we shall be very glad. 2. I will be there when you come (close connection: a restrictive clause). 342. Additional Relative Clauses.-Relative clauses which supply additional information, but which do not restrict the meaning of the antecedent, should be cut off from the rest of the sentence by commas. EXAMPLES 1. The lake, which is three miles long, is surrounded by mountains. 2. Bring me the book which lies on the table (no commas: restrictive clause). 343. Closely Connected Clauses.-Closely connected coördinate clauses are separated by commas. EXAMPLES 1. I do not know now, but I will let you know to-morrow. 2. I came, I saw, I conquered. 344. Short Quotations. Short quotations and expressions resembling quotations are preceded by commas. EXAMPLES 1. We at last persuaded him to say, "I will go." 345. Participial Phrases.-All loosely connected participial phrases should be cut off from the rest of the sentence by commas. EXAMPLES 1. The man, springing into the saddle, rode furiously away. 2. He gave a very interesting account of his travels, illustrating his lecture by many views, which he had taken himself. 346. Inverted Expressions.-Phrases and clauses placed at the beginning of the sentence by inversion are followed by commas, unless closely connected with the word they modify. EXAMPLES 1. Ever since his defeat, he has seemed like a different man. 2. When we came to the river, we found it very much over its banks. 347. Long Phrase or Clause Subjects.-A subject with several modifiers, or with a long clause modifier is followed by a comma. EXAMPLES 1. To hold fast to the right as he sees it, is every man's duty. 2. That he was unable to meet the obligations which he had incurred, caused him the greatest distress. 348. Omission of Words.-The comma is used to mark the omission of a word logically necessary to the sentence. EXAMPLES 1. We expect to start to-day; the Browns, to-morrow. 2. Carthage has crossed the Alps; Rome, the seas. EXERCISE A 349. Give the reasons for the punctuation of the following sentences: 1. If you did, I care not. 2. You wrong me every way, you wrong me, Brutus. 3. I said an elder soldier, not a better. 4. If this were true, then should I know this secret. 5. Break, break, break, At the foot of thy crags, O sea! 6. My soul to-day Is far away, Sailing the Vesuvian Bay. 7. Being now resolved to be a poet, I saw everything with a new purpose. 8. The plants of the garden, the animals of the wood, the minerals of the earth, the meteors of the sky, must all concur to store his mind with inexhaustible variety. 9. We spent the day in the woods gathering nuts, which the frost had sent to the ground in great profusion. 10. I should not, if I were young again, so neglect my opportunities for education. 11. The breeze, springing up suddenly, was very refreshing after the sultry heat of the day. 12. The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink. 13. Haply some hoary-headed swain may say, "Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn." 14. When a deed is done for freedom, through the broad earth's aching breast Runs a thrill of joy prophetic, trembling on from east to west. 15. "All quiet along the Potomac," they say, "Except, now and then, a stray picket Is shot, as he walks on his beat to and fro, 16. For many a petty king ere Arthur came to cleanse the realm of the heathen horde, ruled in the land. 17. This is the man who called yesterday. 18. Sometimes a distant sail, gliding along the edge of the ocean, would be another theme for speculation. EXERCISE B 350. Punctuate the following sentences, and give reasons for the marks you use: 1. His own friends who surely knew of his condition made no attempt to relieve his distress. 2. The petty kings ever waging war on each other wasted the land. 3. There is no flock however watched and tended but one dead lamb is there. 4. Ring out the want the care the sin The faithless coldness of the times. 5. And Gawain departed breaking into song. 6. To what country the man belonged and by what means he had come hither with his queer companions could not be ascertained. |