6. The box was planed smooth by the carpenter. 7. The ocean cannot be pumped dry by anyone. 8. The feelings are rendered blunt and callous by custom. 9. He is thought humble by many; but by others he is accounted proud. 10. He was rendered blind by the throwing of a crumb of bread. II. The stone was polished bright by the mason. 12. The cream was beaten light by Mary. 13. The floor had been scrubbed white by someone. 14. He will be elected senator by the legislature. 15. The law was pronounced unconstitutional by the higher courts. 109. The Noun as Complement. In the preceding exercises we have seen that the noun may serve as subjective complement, object complement, or objective complement. It tells what the subject is, what the subject acts upon, or what the result of the action of the subject upon something is. 110. The Pronoun as Complement. The pronoun frequently serves as subjective complement or as object complement, but cannot often be an objective complement. EXERCISE III. Point out the complements in the sentences below, tell what kind they are, and explain whether they are adjectives or nouns. 1. The flower smells sweet. 2. The guests were made welcome. 3. The President appointed him collector. 4. The mother advised her son to return. 5. They chose him captain of the team. 6. They christened him James. 7. The plowman homeward plods his weary way. 8. We must take the current when it serves, Or lose our ventures. 9. The little brook heard it and built a roof 'Neath which he could house him winterproof. 10. I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. 11. And they, my knights, who loved me once, the stroke That strikes them dead is as my death to me. 12. Sadly his face he averted, and strode up and down, and was thoughtful. 13. There was never a heart more good or kind. 14. Slender and clear were his crystal spars As the lashes of light that trim the stars 15. King Arthur and his knights performed wonderful deeds of valor. 16. They heard the soldiers shouting on the battle field. 17. The men lifted their canoes from the water. 18. The enemy discharged several thousand arrows. 19. He told his story to every stranger. 20. He was considered strongest. 21. And this our life, exempt from public haunt, Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, 112. The Phrase as Complement.-Prepositional phrases sometimes are the equivalents of nouns, and often the equivalents of adjectives. As either they may serve as complements to the verb. EXAMPLES 1. Out of sight is out of mind. 2. He is in poor health. 3. They all are of one opinion. 4. He was chosen for secretary. EXERCISE A 113. Point out the phrases that are used as complements in the following sentences, and tell what kind of complement each is: 1. The daughter of the prince tasted of the food. 9. He talked of the work constantly. IO. It tastes of sugar. II. He was appointed to the secretaryship. 12. He was of great importance in the village. 13. Her dress is commonly of some bright color. 14. Everybody was in good looks and in good spirits. 15. Her disposition is of a peculiar kind. EXERCISE B 114. Change the italicized complements in the following sentences into phrase complements: 1. Marguerite was ill (in poor health). 2. He was chosen representative from his district. 3. The fellow was uncontrollable. 4. He seemed hurried. 5. The man's face was expressionless. 6. It was not valueless. 7. The view seemed dreamlike. 8. The plant seemed lifeless. 9. He was appointed ruler. 10. The bird is a peculiar kind. 14. The matter seemed unimportant. 115. The Infinitive and the Participle as Complements.-The infinitive, either present or perfect, may become a noun, and serve as complement, just as it serves as subject. The same is true of the participle. It is sometimes called the participial noun; sometimes, the gerund; and sometimes, the infinitive in ing. 1. To see is to believe. EXAMPLES 2. He wished to set out at once. 3. Seeing is believing. 4. He advocated departing at once. EXERCISE A 116. Point out all the participles and infinitives that serve as complements in the following: 1. He learned to speak French very quickly. 2. He sought to take refuge from the noise. 3. They elected him to be ruler of the land. 4. I hoped to hear her sing. 5. The bell ceased to toll, and a profound silence reigned through the dusky hall. 6. I heard the ripple washing in the reeds, And the wild water lapping on the crag. 7. Our doubts are traitors And make us lose the good we oft might win. 8. I bade thee, watch, and lightly bring me word. 9. I see the lights of the village Gleam through the rain and the mist. 10. England expects every man to do his duty. II. She tried to console her distressed sister. 12. He intended to return before dusk. 13. The place seemed built for quiet study and profound meditation. 14. I hear the wind among the trees, Playing celestial symphonies. 15. Their plan was to take a trip through the west. 16. They stood watching the procession. 17. The sparrows could be heard chirping. 18. The new sun rose bringing the new year. EXERCISE B 117. Infinitives may be changed to participles, participles to infinitives, and either to clauses with good effect. Change the italicized complements to some other form, in the following sentences: 1. To attempt is not to succeed. 2. Attaining is not necessarily succeeding. 3. Washington decided upon crossing the Delaware. 4. They swore to reverence the king as if he were their conscience. 5. The father hopes to reach there in time. 6. The boy likes driving. 7. We could hear the wind whistling. 8. He decided to devote his time to literary work. 9. One of his greatest pleasures was to roam about the old, historic town. 10. He liked to read and was seldom seen without a book in his hand. II. They seemed hunting about for something. 12. Life is not remaining what one is. 13. The train for the city was soon to be leaving. |