Section XII. In 1628, the foundation was laid for another colony, in New-England, by the name of the colony of MASSACHUSETTS BAY.

The patent of this colony was granted by the Council of Plymouth, or New-England, to Sir Henry Roswell and others; and conveyed to them the territory lying between three miles north of the Merrimack, and three miles south of Charles Ri

ver.

Sir Henry Roswell and his associates, however, soon sold the patent to Sir Richard Saltonstall, John Endcott, and others in England, who were projecting a settlement à New-England, for the purposes of greater religious freedom.

The same year, John Endicottwas sent over, and began the settlement of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, at Salem, then called by the Indians, Naumkeak. As the patent granted to this colony conveyed no powers of government, King Charles, in 1629, granted these powers by charter. Six ships, furnished by the company, brought over four hundred persons, men, women and children, three hundred of whom settled at Salem, the remainder at Charlestown.

During the succeeding summer, 1630, John Winthrop, who had been appointed governour, and Thomas Dudley, deputy governour, with one thousand five hundred people, arrived at Charlestown; but owing to a mortal sickness, which soon after prevailed in that settlement, the governour and several of the planters removed to Shawmut, which they named Boston.

Governour Winthrop, and his associates, came over under an arrangement to transfer the government of this colony, from London to New-England, and to place it in the hands of officers to be elected by the freemen. This was carried into effect, and the freemen continued annually to elect their officers of govern

ment.

The colony soon experienced the distresses of mortal sickness and wasting famine. There was scarcely a family, in which there had not been a death before spring, and many of the people were obliged to subsist on clams, muscles, acorns, and nuts. Friday,

February 6, was appointed as a day of fasting but the day before, a ship arriving laden with provisions, the governour, on the joyful occasion, appointed a day of thanksgiving throughout the plantations.

Section XII. In 1632, Charles I. granted a patent to Lord Baltimore, conveying to him a tract of country on the Chesapeake Bay, which, in honour of Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry the great of Fiance, he named MARYLAND.

The next year, 1633, Lord Baltimore appointed his brother, Leonard Calvert, governour of the province, who, with about two hundred planters, chiefy Roman Catholics, began a settlement in 1634, near the mouth of the Potomac, on the northern side.

Emigrants soon locked to this province from England and the other colonies, on account of the greater religious freedom enjoyed in it.

By the patent, the proprietor, with the consent of the freemen, or their delegates, was authorized to make all necessary laws, not opposed to the laws of England; the king did not reserve a right to interfere in the government of the province. This was the original government of the colony of Maryland, which, however, afterwards underwent various modifications.

Section XIV. In 1633, the first house was erected in CONNECTICUT. This was a trading house at Windsor, the materials of which some Plymouth adventurers sent in a vessel up Connecticut river.

On their arrival in the river, they found some Dutch, from New Amsterdam, who had previously heard of the intended settlement at Windsor, occupying a fort, which they had erected, where Hartford now stands. On the approach of the Plymouth adventurers, the Dutch garrison ordered them to stop; but the commander gallantly disregarded the order, and proceeded to Windsor.

Two years from this, 1635, about sixty men,

women, and children, from Newtown and Watertown, in Massachusetts, commenced their journey through the wilderness to Connecticut river. They settled at Windsor, Wethersfield and Hartford.

The same year, John Winthrop, son of the governour of Massachusetts, arrived from England, with a commission, as governour of Connecticut, under lord Say and Seal, and lord Brook, to whom the council of Plymouth had given, in March, 1631, a patent of the territory.

Soon after Winthrop's arrival at Boston, he despatched a Dark of thirty tons with twenty men, to take possession of Connecticut river, and to build a fort at its mouth. This was ac cordingly erected, and called Saybrook fort. A few days after their arrival, a Dutch vessel, from New Netherlands, appeared, to take possession of the river; but, as the English had already mounted two cannon, their landing was prevented.

The next June, 1636, the Rev. Messrs. Hooker and Stone, with a number of settlers, from Dorchester and Watertown, removed to Connecticut. With no guide but a compass, they made their way, one hundred miles over mountains, through swamps and rivers. Their journey, which was on foot, lasted a fortnight, during which they lived upon the milk of their cows. They drove one hundred and sixty cattle.

Section XV. This year, 1636, Roger Williams, having been banished from the colony of Massachusetts in 1634, removed with his family to Mooshawsic and began a plantation, which he called Providence. From this we date the settlement of RHODE ISLAND.

Williams was a minister of Salem; on account of heretical opinions, connected perhaps with errours of conduct, he was summoned in 1636, to appear before the General Court, and the ministers of the colony. Mr. Hooker was appointed to dispute with him; but, being unable to reduce him from his errours, he was sentenced by the court to depart out of the jurisdiction within six weeks. All the ministers but one approved the sentence.

In 1638, William Coddington, who has sometimes been called the father of Rhode Island, with eighteen others, removed from

Massachusetts, and having purchased of the Indians, the Island Aqutneck, began a settlement on the northern part of it. Others followed the next summer, and commenced another settlement on the south western side--dividing the Island into two townships, Portsmouth and Newport. They formed themselves into a body politick, and elected Mr. Coddington chief magis

trate.

In 1640, the inhabitants of Providence agreed upon a form of government. Rhode Island, so called from a fancied resem blance to the ancient island of Rhodes, soon began to be extensive ly settled, both on account of its natural fertility, and also on account of the religious freedom allowed to all denominations.

In 1644, -Roger Williams visited England, as agent of the settlers, and obtained of the earl of Warwick, one of the Ply mouth company, a free charter of incorporation for Providence and Rhode Island Plantations.

In 1663, a royal charter was granted to them, by Charles II. This charter constituted an assembly, consisting of a governour, deputy governour, and ten assistants, with the representatives from the several towns, all to be chosen by the freemen.

Section XVI. The year 1637 is remarkable, in the history of Connecticut, for the war with the Pequots a tribe of Indians, whose principal settlement was on a hill in the present town of Gro

ton.

Prior to this time, the Pequots had frequently annoyed the infant colony, and in several instances had killed some of its inhabitants. In March of this year, the commander of Saybrook fort, with twelve men, was attacked by them, and three of his party killed. In April, another portion of this tribe assaulted the people of Wethersfield, as they were going to their fields to labour, and killed six men and three women. Two girls were taken captive by them, and twenty cows were killed.

In this perilous state of the colony, a court was summoned at Hartford, May 1. After mature deliberation, it was determined that war should be commenced against the Pequots.

Ninety men, nearly half the fencible men of the colony, were ordered to be raised-forty-two from Hartford-thirty from Windsor-and eighteen from Wethersfield.

On the assembling of this force at Hartford, the Rev. Mr Hooker, previously to their marching, addressed them in the fol lowing manner.

"Fellow Soldiers, Countrymen, and Companions, you are assembled by the special Providence of God, you are

not collected by wild fancy, nor ferocious passions. It is not a tumultuous assembly, whose actions are abortive, or if successful produce only theft, rapine, rape, and murder; crimes inconsistent with nature's light, inconsistent with a soldier's valour. You, my dear hearts, were selected from your neighbours, by the godly fathers of the land, for your known courage, to execute such a work.

"Your cause is the cause of heaven; the enemy have blasphemed your God, and slain his servants; you are only the ministers of his justice. I do not pretend that your enemies are careless or indifferent: no, their hatred is intlamed, their lips thirst for blood; they would devour you, and all the people of God; but, my brave soldiers, their guilt has reached the clouds; they are ripe for destruction; their cruelty is notorious; and cruelty and cowardice are always united.

"There is nothing, therefore, to prevent your certain victory, but their nimble feet, their impenetrable swamps, and woods; from these your small numbers will entice them, or your courage drive them. I now put the question-Who would not fight in such a cause? fight with undaunted boldness? Do you wish for more encouragement? more I give you. Riches waken the soldier's sword; and though you will not obtain silver and gold, on the field of victory, you will secure what is infinitely more precious; you will secure the liberties, the privileges, and the lives of Christ's Church, in this new world.

"You will procure safety for your affectionate wives, safety for your prattling, harmless, smiling babes; you will secure all the blessings enjoyed by the people of God in the ordinances of the gospel. Distinguished was the honour conferred upon David, for fighting the battles of the Lord; this honour, O`ye courageous soldiers of God, is now prepared for you. You will now execute his vengeance on the heathen; you wili bind their kings in chains, and their nobles in fetters of iron. But perhaps some one may fear that a fatal arrow may deprive him of this honour.

"Let every faithful soldier of Jesus Christ be assured, that if any servant be taken away, it is merely because the honours of this world are too narrow for his reward; an everlasting crown is set upon his head; because the rewards of this life are insufficient. March then with Christian courage, in the strength of the Lord; march with faith in his divine promises, and soon your swords shall find your enemies; soon they shall fall like leaves of the forest under your feet."

With these troops, together with seventy river and Moheagan Indians, Capt. Mason, to whom the command of the expedition was given, dropped down the river Connecticut, to Saybrook.