3. The Confederate States may acquire new territory, and Congress shall have power to legislate and provide governments for the inhabitants of all territory belonging to the Confederate States lying without the limits of the several States, and may permit them, at such time and in such manner as it may by law provide, to form states to be admitted into the Confederacy. In all such territory the institution of negro slavery, as it now exists in the Confederate States, shall be recognised and protected by Congress and by the territorial governments, and the inhabitants of the several Confederate States and territories shall have the right to take to such territory any slaves lawfully held by them in any of the states or territories of the Confederate States.

SECTION IV.

The Confederate States shall guarantee to every State that now is, or hereafter may become, a member of this Confederacy, a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the Legislature (or of the Executive when the Legislature is not in session), against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

Of the Mode of Amending the Constitution.

Upon the demand of any three States, legally assembled in their several Conventions, the Congress shall summon a convention of all the states to take into consideration such amendments to the Constitution as the said States shall concur in suggesting at the time when the said demand is made; and should any of the proposed amendments to the Constitution be agreed on by the said convention-voting by States-and the same be ratified by the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, or by conventions in two-thirds thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposedby

the general convention, they shall henceforward form part of this Constitution. But no State shall without its consent, be deprived of its equal representation in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

Of the National Faith and the Binding Force of the
Constitution.

1. The Government established by this Constitution is the successor of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America, and all the laws passed by the latter shall continue in force until the same shall be repealed or modified; and all the officers appointed by the same shall remain in office until their successors are appointed and qualified or the offices abolished.

2. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the Confederate States under this Constitution as under the Provisional Government.

3. This Constitution and the laws of the Confederate States, made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the Confederate States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

4. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the Confederate States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the Confederate States.

5. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people of the several States.

6. The powers not delegated to the Confederate States

by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people thereof.

ARTICLE VII.

Of the Mode of its Ratification.

1. The ratification of the conventions of five States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.

2. When five States shall have ratified this Constitution in the manner before specified, the Congress under the Provisional Constitution shall prescribe the time for holding the election of President and Vice-President, and for the meeting of the Electoral College, and for counting the votes and inaugurating the President. They shall also prescribe the time for holding the first election of members of Congress under this Constitution, and the time for assembling the same. Until the assembling of such Congress, the Congress under the Provisional Constitution shall continue to exercise the legislative powers granted them, not extending beyond the time limited by the onstitution of the Provisional Government.

[Adopted unanimously, March 11, 1861.]

THE PRINCIPAL POINTS IN THE CONFEDERATE CONSTITUTION WHEREIN IT DIFFERS FROM THE FEDERAL

CONSTITUTION.

1. The preamble invokes "the favour and guidance of Almighty God," and asserts that each State is " acting in its sovereign and independent character;" but omits the common defence and general welfare clauses.

2. Any judicial or other federal officer, resident and acting solely within the limits of any State, may be impeached by a vote of two-thirds of both branches of the legislature thereof.

3. Congress may, by law, grant to the principal officer in each of the executive departments a seat upon the floor of either House, with the privilege of discussing any measures appertaining to his department.

4. The President may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill.

5. No bounties shall be granted from the treasury, and no duties or taxes on importations from foreign nations shall be laid to promote or foster any branch of industry.

6. Congress shall have no power to appropriate money for any internal improvement intended to facilitate commerce, except for the purpose of furnishing lights, beacons, buoys, and other aids to navigation upon the coasts, and the improvement of harbours, and the removing of obstructions in river navigation, and in all such cases such duties shall be laid on the navigation facilitated thereby as may be necessary to pay the costs and expenses thereof.

7. The expenses of the Post Office Department, after the 1st of March, 1863, shall be paid out of its own

revenue.

8. The importation of negroes of the African race from any foreign country other than the slave-holding states or territories of the United States is forbidden, and Congress is required to pass such laws as shall effectually prevent the same.

9. Congress shall have power to prohibit the introduction of slaves from any state not a member of, or territory not belonging to, the Confederacy.

10. Congress shall appropriate no money from the treasury, unless it be asked and estimated for by some one of the heads of departments, and submitted to Congress by the President, unless by a vote of two-thirds of both Houses, taken by yeas and nays, or to pay its

own expenses and contingencies, or claims against the Confederate States duly declared.

11. Congress is required to establish a tribunal to adjudicate claims against the Government.

12. Bills appropriating money must specify in Federal currency the exact amount of each appropriation, and the purposes for which it is made, and Congress can grant no extra compensation to any public contractor, officer, agent, or servant, after such contract shall have been made or such service rendered.

13. Every law shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be expressed in its title.

14. When any river divides or flows through two or more states they may enter into compacts with each other to improve the navigation thereof.

15. The President and Vice-President shall hold their offices for six years; but the President shall not be reeligible.

16. The President may remove any officer in the executive department and persons connected with the diplomatic service at pleasure; but upon the removal of civil officers for incapacity or misconduct, such removal to be reported to the Senate, with the reasons therefor.

17. No State shall be sued by a citizen or subject of any foreign State.

18. The citizens of each State shall have the right of transit and sojourn in any State of this Confederacy with their slaves and other property, and the right of property in such slaves shall not thereby be impaired.

19. Other States may be admitted by a vote of twothirds of the whole House of Representatives, and twothirds of the Senate, the Senate voting by States.

20. The institution of negro slavery, as it now exists shall be recognised and protected by Congress and by the Territorial Governments in the Territory. And the inhabitants of the several States shall have a right to take to the territory any Slaves held by them.

21. The Constitution may be amended upon the