Obrázky stránek
PDF
ePub

-Exert a rigorous sway,

And lop the too luxuriant boughs away.

strong masculine sense: to this there must be joined a thorough knowledge of mankind, together with an insight into the business and I HAVE often thought that if the several the prevailing humours of the age. Our au- letters which are written to me under the chathor must have his mind well seasoned with the racter of Spectator, and which I have not made finest precepts of morality, and be filled with use of, were published in a volume, they would nice reflections upon the bright and dark sides not be an unentertaining collection.* The of human life; he must be a master of refin- variety of the subjects, styles, sentiments, ed raillery, and understand the delicacies as and informations, which are transmitted to well as the absurdities of conversation. He me, would lead a very curious, or very idle must have a lively turn of wit, with an easy reader, insensibly along through a great many and concise manner of expression: every pages

thing he says must be in a free and disen- I know some authors who would pick up a gaged manner. He must be guilty of nothing secret history out of such materials, and make that betrays the air of a recluse, but appear aa bookseller an alderman by the copy. I shall man of the world throughout. His illustra- therefore carefully preserve the original pations, his comparisons, and the greatest part pers in a room set apart for that purpose, to of his images must be drawn from common the end that they may be of service to posterlife. Strokes of satire and criticism, as well ity; but shall at present content myself with as panegyric, judiciously thrown in (and as owning the receipt of several letters, lately it were by the by, give a wonderful life and orna- come to my hands, the authors whereof are imment to compositions of this kind. But let patient for an answer. our poet, while he writes epistles, though Charissa, whose letter is dated from Cornnever so familiar, still remember that he hill, desires to be eased in some scruples relatwrites in verse, and must for that reason have ing to the skill of astrologers.-Referred to the a more than ordinary care not to fall into dumb man for an answer. prose, and a vulgar diction, excepting where J. C. who proposes a love case, as he calls the nature and humour of the thing does ne-it, to the love casuist, is hereby desired to cessarily require it. In this point, Horace speak of it to the minister of the parish; it behas been thought by some critics to be some-ing a case of conscience.

times careless, as well as too negligent of his The poor young lady whose letter is dated versification; of which he seems to have been October 26, who complains of a harsh guarsensible himself. dian and an unkind brother, can only have 'All I have to add is, that both these man- my good wishes, unless she pleases to be more ners of writing may be made as entertaining, particular. in their way, as any other species of poetry, The petition of a certain gentleman, whose if undertaken by persons duly qualified; and name I have forgot, famous for renewing the the latter sort may be managed so as to be-curls of decayed periwigs, is referred to the come in a peculiar manner instructive.

'I am, &c.

censor of small wares.

The remonstrance of T. C. against the pro

A learned and laborious treatise upon the art of fencing, returned to the author.

To the gentleman of Oxford, who desires me to insert a copy of Latin verses, which were denied a place in the university books. Answer: Nonum prematur in annum.

I shall add an observation or two to the re-fanation of the sabbath by barbers, shoe-cleanmarks of my ingenious correspondent; and, ers, &c. had better be offered to the society of in the first place take notice that subjects of reformers. the most sublime nature are often treated in the epistolary way with advantage as in the famous epistle of Horace to Augustus. The poet surprises us with his pomp, and seems rather betrayed into his subject than to have aimed at it by design. He appears like the visit of a king incognito, with a mixture of To my learned correspondent, who writes familiarity and grandeur. In works of this against master's gowns, and poke sleeves, with kind, when the dignity of the subject hurries a word in defence of large scarfs. the poet into descriptions and sentiments, I resolve not to raise animosities amongst the seemingly unpremeditated, by a sort of inspi- clergy.

Answer:

ration, it is usual for him to recollect himself, To the lady who writes with rage against one and fall back gracefully into the natural style of her own sex, upon the account of party of a letter. warmth. Answer: Is not the lady she writes

I might here mention an epistolary poem, against reckoned handsome? just published by Mr. Eusden,* on the king's I desire Tom Truelove (who sends me a sonaccession to the throne; wherein among ma-net upon his mistress, with a desire to print it ny other noble and beautiful strokes of poetry, immediately) to consider, that it is long since his reader may see this rule very happily ob- I was in love. served.

No. 619.] Friday, November 12, 1714.

-dura Exerce imperia, et ramos compesce fluentes. Virg. Georg. ii. 369.

* A letter to Mr. Addison on the king's accession to the throne.

I shall answer a very profound letter from my old friend the upholsterer, who is still inquisitive whether the king of Sweden be living or dead, by whispering him in the ear, that I believe he is alive.

*They were published in 1725, by Charles Lillie, in 2 vols. 8vo.

Let Mr. Dapperwit consider, What is that long story of the cuckoldom to me?

At the earnest desire of Monimia's lover, who declares himself very penitent, he is recorded in my paper by the name of the faithful Castalio.

The petition of Charles Cocksure, which the petitioner styles 'very reasonable,' rejected. The memorial of Philander, which he desires may be despatched out of hand, postponed.

I desire S. R. not to repeat the expression 'under the sun,' so often in his next letter.

The letter of P. S. who desires either to have it printed entire, or committed to the flames. Not to be printed entire.

No. 620.] Monday, November 15, 1714.
Hic vir, hic est, tibi quem promitti sæpius audis.
Virg. En. vi. 791.

Behold the promis'd chief!

HAVING lately presented my reader with a copy of verses full of the false sublime, I shall here communicate to him an excellent specimen of the true; though it hath not been yet published, the judicious reader will readily discern it to be the work of a master; and if he hath read that noble poem on the prospect of peace, he will not be at a loss to guess at the author.

THE ROYAL PROGRESS.

'When Brunswick first appear'd, each honest heart,
Intent on verse, disdain'd the rules of art;
For him the songsters, in unmeasurd' odes,
Debas'd Alcides, and dethron'd the gods;
In golden chains the kings of India led,
Or rent the turban from the sultan's head.
One, in old fables, and the pagan strain,

With nymphs and tritons, wafts him o'er the main ;
Another draws fierce Lucifer in arms,
And fills th' infernal region with alarms;
A third awakes some druid, to foretell
Each future triumph from his dreary cell.
Exploded fancies! that in vain deceive,
While the mind nauseates what she can't believe.
My muse th' expected hero shall pursue
From clime to clime, and keep him still in view :
His shining march describe in faithful lays,
Content to paint him, nor presume to praise:
Their charms, if charms they have, the truth supplies,
And from the theme unlabour'd beauties rise.

'By longing nations for the throne design'd,
And call'd to guard the rights of human-kind;
With secret grief his godlike soul repines,
And Britain's crown with joyless lustre shines,
While pray'rs and tears his destin'd progress stay,
And crowds of mourners choke their sovereign's way.
Not so he march'd when hostile squadrons stood
In scenes of death, and fir'd his generous blood;
When his hot courser paw'd th' Hungarian plain,
And adverse legions stood the shock in vain.
His frontiers past, the Belgian bounds he views,
And cross the level fields his march pursues.
Here pleas'd the land of freedom to survey,
He greatly scorns the thirst of boundless sway.
O'er the thin soil, with silent joy, he spies
Transplanted woods and borrow'd verdue rise;
Where ev'ry meadow, won with toil and blood
From haughty tyrants and the raging flood,
With fruits and flowers the careful hind supplies,
And clothes the marshes in a rich disguise.
Such wealth for frugal hands doth Heaven decrec,
And such thy gifts, celestial Liberty!

Through stately towns, and many a fertile plain, The pomp advances to the neighbouring main. Whole nations crowd around with joyful cries, And view the hero with insatiate eyes.

In Haga's towers he waites till eastern gales Propitious rise to swell the British sails. Hither the fame of England's monarch brings The vows and friendships of the neighb'ring kings, Mature in wisdom, his extensive mind Takes in the blended interest of mankind, The world's great patriot. Calm thy anxious breast, Secure in him, O Europe, take thy rest; Henceforth thy kingdoms shall remain confin'd

By rocks and streams, the mounds which Heav'n design'd;

The Alps their new-made monarch shall restrain,
Nor shall thy hills, Pyrene, rise in vain.

"But see, to Britain's isle the squadron stand,
And leave the sinking towers and less'ning land.
The royal bark bounds o'er the floating plain,
Breaks through the billows, and divides the main.
O'er the vast deep, great monarch, dart thine eyes,
A wat'ry prospect bounded by the skies:
Ten thousand vessels, from ten thousand shores,
Bring gums and gold, and either India's stores,
Behold the tributes hast'ning to thy throne,
And see the wide horizon all thy own.

'Still is it thine; though now the cheerful crew
Hail Albion's cliffs just whitening to the view.
Before the wind with swelling sails they ride,
Till Thames receive them in his opening tide.
The monarch hears the thund'ring peals around
From trembling woods and echoing hills rebound.
Nor misses yet, amid the deaf'ning train,
The roarings of the hoarse resounding main.

'As in the flood he sails, from either side
He views his kingdom in its rural pride;
A various scene the wide-spread landscape yields,
O'er rich inclosures and luxuriant fields;
A lowing herd each fertile pasture fills,
And distant flocks stray o'er a thousand hills.
Fair Greenwich hid in woods, with new delight,
(Shade above shade) now rises to the sight:
His woods ordain'd to visit every shore,
And guard the island which they grac'd before.
'The sun now rolling down the western way,
A blaze of fires, renews the fading day;
Unnumber'd barks the regal barge enfold,
Bright'ning the twilight with its beamy gold;
Less thick the finny shoals, a countless fry,
Before the whale or kingly dolphin fly;
In one vast shout he seeks the crowded strand,
And in a peal of thunder gains the land.

'Welcome, great stranger! to our longing eyes,
Oh! king desir'd, adopted Albion cries.
For thee the East breath'd out a prosperous breeze,
Bright were the suns, and gently swell'd the seas.
Thy presence did each doubtful heart compose,
And factions wonder'd that they once were foes;
That joyful day they lost each hostile name,
The same their aspect, and their voice the same.
'So two fair twins, whose features were design'd
At one soft moment in the mother's mind,
Show each the other with reflected grace,
And the same beauties bloom in either face;
The puzzled strangers which is which inquire;
Delusion grateful to the smiling sire.

'From that fair hill, where hoary sages boast
To name the stars, and count the heavenly host,
By the next dawn doth great Augusta rise,
Proud town! the noblest scene beneath the skies.
O'er Thames her thousand spires their lustre shed,
And a vast navy hides his ample bed-
A floating forest! From the distant strand
A line of golden cars strikes o'er the land;
Britannia's peers in pomp and rich array,
Before their king, triumphant, led the way.
Far as the eye can reach, the gaudy train,
A bright procession, shines along the plain.
'So haply thro' the heav'n's wide pathless ways
A comet draws a long-extended blaze;
From east to west burns through th' ethereal frame
And half heav'n's convex glitters with the flame.
'Now to the regal towers securely brought,
He plans Britannia's glories in his thought,"
Resumes the delegated power he gave,
Rewards the faithful, and restores the brave.

*Flamstead House.

Whom shall the Muse from out the shining throng
Select, to heighten and adorn her song?
Thee, Halifax! To thy capacious mind
O man approv'd, is Britain's wealth consign'd.
Her coin (while Nassau fought) debas'd and rude,
By thee in beauty and in truth renew'd,
An arduous work! again thy charge we see,
And thy own care once more returns to thee.
O form'd in every scene to awe and please,
Mix wit with pomp, and dignity with ease:
Though call'd to shine aloft, thou wilt not scorn
To smile on arts thyself did once adorn;
For this thy name succeeding time shall praise,
And envy less thy garter than thy bays.

"The Muse, if fir'd with thy enliv'ning beams,
Perhaps shall aim at more exalted themes;
Record our monarch in a nobler strain,
And sing the op'ning wonders of his reign;
Bright Carolina's heavenly beauties trace,
Her valiant consort, and his blooming race.
A train of kings their fruitful love supplies,
A glorious scene to Albion's ravish'd eyes:
Who sees by Brunswick's hand her sceptre sway'd,
And through his line from age to age convey'd.'

No. 621.] Wednesday, November 17, 1714.
-Postquam se lumine puro

Implevit, stellasque vagas miratur, et astra
Fixa polis, videt quanta sub nocte jaceret
Nostra dies, risitque sui ludibria

Lncan, Lib. 9. 11.
Now to the blest abode, with wonder fill'd,
The sun and moving planets he beheld;
Then, looking down on the sun's feeble ray,
Survey'd our dusky, faint, imperfect day,
And under what a cloud of night we lay.

}

Rowe.

THE following letter having in it some observations out of the common road, I shall make it the entertainment of this day.

MR. SPECTATOR,

ing backward and forward on the several changes which we have already undergone, and hereafter must try, we shall find that the greater degrees of our knowledge and wisdom serve only to show us our own imperfections.

'As we rise from childhood to youth, we look with contempt on the toys and trifles which our hearts have hitherto been set upon. When we advance to manhood, we are held wise, in proportion to our shame and regret for the rashness and extravagance of youth. Old age fills us with mortifying reflections upon a life mis-spent in the pursuit of anxious wealth, or uncertain honour. Agreeable to this gradation of thought in this life, it may be reasonably supposed that, in a future state, the wisdom, the experience, and the maxims of old age, will be looked upon by a separate spirit in much the same light as an ancient man now sees the little follies and toyings of infants. The pomps, the honours, the policies, and arts of mortal men, will be thought as trifling as hobby-horses, mockbattles, or any other sports that now employ all the cunning and strength, and ambition of rational beings, from four years old to nine or ten.

'If the notion of a gradual rise in beings, from the meanest to the Most High, be not a vain imagination, it is not improbable that an angel looks down upon a man as a man doth upon a creature which approaches nearest to the rational nature. By the same rule, if I may indulge my fancy in this particular, a superior brute looks with a kind of pride on one 'The common topics against the pride of of an inferior species. If they could reflect, man, which are laboured by florid and decla- we might imagine, from the gestures of some matory writers, are taken from the baseness of of them, that they think themselves the sovehis original, the imperfections of his nature, or reigns of the world, and that all things were the short duration of those goods in which he made for them. Such a thought would 'not makes his boast. Though it be true that we can have nothing in us that ought to raise our vanity, yet a consciousness of our own merit may be sometimes laudable. The folly therefore lies here: we are apt to pride ourselves in worthless or, perhaps, shameful things; and on the other hand count that disgraceful which is our truest glory.

'Hence it is, that the lovers of praise take wrong measures to attain it. Would a vain man consult his own heart, he would find that if others knew his weakness as well as he himself doth, he could not have the impudence to expect the public esteem. Pride therefore flows from want of reflection, and ignorance of ourselves. Knowledge and humility come upon us together.

The proper way to make an estimate of ourselves, is to consider seriously what it is we value or despise in others. A man who boasts of the goods of fortune, a gay dress, or a new title, is generally the mark of ridicule. We ought therefore not to admire in ourselves what we are so ready to laugh at in other men.

[blocks in formation]

be more absurd in brute creatures than one which men are apt to entertain, namely, that all the stars in the firmament were created only to please their eyes and amuse their imaginations. Mr. Dryden, in his fable of the Cock and the Fox, makes a speech for his hero the cock, which is a pretty instance for this purpose.

"Then turning, said to Partlet, 'See, my dear, How lavish nature hath adorn'd the year; How the pale primrose and the violets spring, And birds essay their throats, disus'd to sing: And these are ours, and I with pleasure see Man strutting on two legs, and aping me." 'What I would observe from the whole is this, that we ought to value ourselves upon those things only which superior beings think valuable, since that is the only way for us not to sink in our own esteem hereafter.'

[blocks in formation]

6 MR. SPECTATOR, 'IN a former speculation you have observed that true greatness doth not consist in that pomp and noise wherein the generality of

mankind are apt to place it. You have there justice of one mind, by putting them to explain taken notice, that virtue in obscurity often their notions to one another. appears more illustrious in the eye of superior beings, than all that passes for grandeur and magnificence among men.

"Mem. To turn off Peter for shooting a doe while she was eating acorns out of his hand. "When my neighbour John, who hath often injured me, comes to make his request tomorrow:

"Mem. I have forgiven him.

"Laid up my chariot, and sold my horses, to relieve the poor in a scarcity of corn. "In the same year remitted to my tenants a fifth part of their rents.

"As I was airing to-day I fell into a thought that warmed my heart, and shall, I hope, be the better for it as long as I live.

"Mem. To charge my son in private to erect no monument for me; but not to put this in my last will.”

When we look back upon the history of those who have borne the parts of kings, statesmen, or commanders, they appear to us stripped of those outside ornaments that dazzle their contemporaries; and we regard their persons as great or little, in proportion to the eminence of their virtues or vices. The wise sayings, generous sentiments, or disinterested conduct of a philosopher under mean circumstances of life, set him higher in our esteem than the mighty potentates of the earth, when we view them both through the long prospect of many ages. Were the memoirs of an obscure man, who lived up to the dignity of his nature, and according to the rules of virtue, No. 623.] to be laid before us, we should find nothing in such a character which might not set him on a level with men of the highest stations. The following extract out of the private papers of an honest country gentleman, will set this matter in a clear light. Your reader will, perhaps, conceive a greater idea of him from these actions done in secret, and without a witness, than of those which have drawn upon them the admiration of multitudes.

[ocr errors][merged small]

"In my twenty-second year I found a violent affection for my cousin Charle's wife growing upon me, wherein I was in danger of succeeding, if I had not upon that account begun my travels into foreign countries.

"A little after my return to England, at a private meeting with my uncle Francis, I refused the offer of his estate, and prevailed upon him not to disinherit his son Ned.

"Mem. Never to tell this to Ned, lest he should think hardly of his deceased father; though he continues to speak ill of me for this very reason.

Prevented a scandalous lawsuit betwixt my nephew Harry and his mother, by allowing her under-hand, out of my own pocket, so much money yearly as the dispute was about.

"Procured a benefice for a young divine, who is sister's son to the good man who was my tutor, and hath been dead twenty years. "Gave ten pounds to poor Mrs.

friend H- -'s widow.

66

my

Mem. To retrench one dish at my table, until I have fetched it up again.

"Mem. To repair my house and finish my gardens, in order to employ poor people after harvest-time.

"Ordered John to let out goodman D-'s sheep that were pounded, by night; but not to let his fellow-servants know it.

"Prevailed upon M. T. esq. not to take the law of the farmer's son for shooting a partridge, and to give him his gun again.

"Paid the apothecary for curing an old woman that confessed herself a witch.

"Gave away my favorite dog for biting a beggar.

"Made the minister of the parish and a whig VOL. II.

Monday, November 22, 1714.

Sed mihi vel tellus optem priùs ima dehiscat,
Vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras,
Pallentes umbras Erebi noctemque profundam,
Antè, pudor, quam te violem, aut tua jura resolvam.
Ille meos, primus qui me sibi junxit, amores
Abstulit: ille habeat secum servetque sepulchro.
Virg. En. iv. 24.

But first let yawning earth a passage rend,
And let me through the dark abyss descend;
First lot avenging Jove, with flames from high,
Drive down this body to the nether sky,
Condemn'd with ghosts in endless night to lie;
Before I break the plighted faith I gave:
No: he who had my vows, shall ever have;
For whom I lov'd on earth, I worship in the grave.
Dryden.

I AM obliged to my friend, the love casuist, for the following curious piece of antiquity, which I shall communicate to the public in his own words.

[ocr errors][merged small]

"You may remember, that I lately transmitted to you an account of an ancient custom in the manors of East and West Enborne, in the county of Berks, and elsewhere. "If a customary tenant die, the widow shall have what the law calls her free-bench, in all his copyhold lands, dum sola et casta fuerit; that is, while she lives single and chaste; but if she commits incontinency, she forfeits her estate; yet if she will come into the court riding backward upon a black ram, with his tail in her hand, and say the words following, the steward is bound by the custom to re-admit her to her free-bench.

'Here I am,

Riding upon a black ram,
Like a whore as I am;
And, for my crincum crancum,
Have lost my bincum bancum ;
And for my tail's game,

Have done this worldly shame;

Therefore I pray you, Mr. Steward, let me have my land again.'

After having informed you that my lord Coke observes that this is the most frail and slippery tenure of any in England, I shall tell you, since the writing of that letter, I have, according to my promise, been at great pains in searching out the records of the black ram; and have at last met with the proceedings of the courtbaron, held in that behalf, for the space of a

50

whole day. The record saith, that a strict in-as not finding any ram that was able to carry quisition having been made into the right of the her: upon which the steward commuted her tenants to their several estates, by the crafty punishment, and ordered her to make her entry old steward, he found that many of the lands upon a black ox. of the manor were, by default of the several widows, forfeited to the lord, and accordingly would have entered on the premises: upon which the good women demanded the "benefit of the ram." The steward, after having perused their several pleas, adjourned the court to Barnaby-bright*, that they might have day enough before them.

The widow Maskwell, a woman who had long lived with a most unblemished character, having turned off her old chamber-maid in a pet, was by that revengeful creature brought in upon the black ram nine times the same day. 'Several widows of the neighbourhood, being brought upon their trial, showed that they did not hold of the manor, and were discharged accordingly,

'The court being set, and filled with a great concourse of people, who came from all parts 'A pretty young creature, who closed the to see the solemnity; the first who entered was procession, came ambling in, with so bewitchthe widow Frontly, who had made her appear- ing an air, that the steward was observed to ance in the last year's cavalcade. The register cast a sheep's eye upon her, and married her observes that finding it an easy pad-ram, and within a month after the death of his wife. foreseeing she might have further occasion for it, she purchased it of the steward.

[ocr errors]

'N. B. Mrs. Touchwood appeared according to summons, but had nothing laid to her charge; having lived irreproachably since the decease of her husband, who left her a widow in the sixty-ninth year of her age.

'I am, Sir, &c.'

Mrs. Sarah Dainty, relict of Mr. John Dainty, who was the greatest prude of the parish, came next in the procession. She at first made some difficulty of taking the tail in her hand; and was observed, in pronouncing the form of penance, to soften the two most No. 624.] Wednesday, November, 24, 1714. emphatical words into clincum clancum: but the steward took care to make her speak plain English before he would let her have her land again.

Audire, atque togam jubeo componere, quisquis
Ambitione malâ, aut argenti pallet amore,
Quisquis luxuria

Hor. Sat. iii. Lib. 2. 77.
Sit still, and hear, those whom proud thoughts do swell,
Those that look pale by loving coin too well;
Whom luxury corrupts.

The third widow that was brought to this worldly shame, being mounted upon a vicious Creech. ram, had the misfortune to be thrown by him; upon which she hoped to be excused from going MANKIND is divided into two parts, the busy through the rest of the ceremony; but the and the idle. The busy world may be divided steward, being well versed in the law, observed into the virtuous and the vicious. The vicious very wisely upon this occasion, that the break- again into the covetous, the ambitious and the ing of the rope does not hinder the execution sensual. The idle part of mankind are in a of the criminal. state inferior to any one of these. All the other

'The fourth lady upon record was the widow are engaged in the pursuit of happiness, Ogle, a famous coquette, who had kept half a though often misplaced, and are therefore score young fellows off and on for the space of more likely to be attentive to such means as two years; but having been more kind to her shall be proposed to them for that end. The carter John, she was introduced with the huz- idle, who are neither wise for this world nor the zas of all her lovers about her. next, are emphatically called by doctor Tillot'Mrs. Sable appearing in her weeds, which son, ' fools at large.' They propose to themwere very new and fresh, and of the same colour selves no end, but run adrift with every wind. with her whimsical palfrey, made a very decent Advice therefore would be but thrown away figure in the solemnity. upon them, since they would scarce take the Another, who had been summoned to make pains to read it. I shall not fatigue any of this her appearance, was excused by the steward, as worthless tribe with a long harangue; but well knowing in his heart that the good squire will leave them with this short saying of Plato, himself had qualified her for the ram. that labour is preferable to idleness, as brightness to rust.'

'Mrs. Quick, having nothing to object against the indictment, pleaded her belly. But it was The pursuits of the active part of mankind remembered that she made the same excuse are either in the paths of religion and virtue; the year before. Upon which the steward ob- or, on the other hand, in the roads to wealth, served, that she might so contrive it, as never honours, or pleasure. I shall, therefore, comto do the service of the manor. pare the pursuits of avarice, ambition, and

'The widow Fidget being cited into court, sensual delight with their opposite virtues ; and insisted that she had done no more since the shall consider which of these principles engages death of her husband than what she used to do men in a course of the greatest labour, sufferin his lifetime; and withal desired Mr. Steward ing, and assiduity. Most men, in their cool to consider his own wife's case if he should reasonings, are willing to allow that a course chance to die before her.

'The next in order was a dowager of a very corpulent make who would have been excused,

Then the eleventh, now the twenty-second of June, being the longest day in the year.

of virtue will in the end be rewarded the most amply; but represent the way to it as rugged and narrow. If therefore it can be made appear, that men struggle through as many troubles to be miserable, as they do to be happy, my readers may, perhaps be persuaded

« PředchozíPokračovat »