trines, whilst he himself is still an opponent of Phrenology, and builds on his physiological researches an altogether arbitrary speculative system of psychology, which is mainly copied from Spinoza. Mr Von Struve endeavours to prove in the article under our notice--and we think he has very successfully done so-the inconsistency of Müller's speculations with the results of his investigations based upon facts. Perhaps we shall find an opportunity of laying before our readers, in the form of a translation, the greatest part of Mr Von Struve's article, as the arguments adduced in it do not admit of being well exhibited by extracts. We have no doubt that this paper will tell with excellent effect upon those readers who are open to conviction.

Mr Von Struve seems to be indefatigable in his exertions to spread Phrenology in his native country; for most of the articles contained in this Number are the productions of his pen. In one" Upon Primitive Christianity, Protestantism, and Catholicism," he shews the close relation which creeds bear to the cerebral development of the general body of their professors. "Communications on Phreno-Magnetism continued," are likewise by the same writer. They are extracted from English and American publications, with which we have already made our readers acquainted.

The department entitled "Review of Books" has again been provided for by Dr Scheve. He first refutes the errors of Mr Förg, a medical man, it seems, who, in a review of Mr Von Struve's work on "Phrenology in and out of Germany," still clings to the old notion that Phrenology is nothing but craniology. The first books noticed-we cannot say reviewed-are Mr Combe's System of Phrenology, and his Constitution of Man, both of which are praised, and recommended to the attention of the German public. In our opinion, the latter work would have a better chance of becoming popular in Germany, if, besides the existing translation by Dr Hirschfeld (who is also the translator of the System of Phrenology), a German edition were prepared by Mr Combe, especially intended for German readers. In such an edition we conceive he might with advantage omit all the theological matter; for this, referring, as it does, chiefly to the opinions of British divines, is quite unpalatable to the Germans, however suitable such discussions may be in our own country.

Under the head "Miscellanies," we find little that demands particular notice in this place. The concluding article is a translation of a letter from Dr Charles Caldwell to Mr Von Struve, in which the writer expresses his conviction

that the time is at hand when Phrenology will be fully appreciated in the country of its birth. There is published in this Number, an invitation signed by ten individuals (Gustav Von Struve, Drs Hirschfeld and Scheve, Professors Cotta, Friedreich, and Grohmann, Messrs Noel and Schatler, and Counts Thun and Wartensleben), to form a Phrenological Association in Germany. Should this be, as we expect, accomplished soon, the fulfilment of Dr Caldwell's prophecy will be greatly hastened.

II. The Object of the Sunday Lectures at the Philosophical Institution, Beaumont Square, Mile-End, London: Stated in a Lecture delivered in the Chapel of the above-named Institution, May 15. 1842. By PHILIP HARWOOD. London: C. Fox.

A short notice of this Institution, founded and endowed by the late J. T. Barber Beaumont, Esq., was inserted in our 14th volume, p. 389; but many readers may be pleased to see a more ample statement of its nature and objects. These are so clearly and comprehensively set forth in the Report issued by Mr Beaumont's Trustees in January 1842, that we cannot do better than present it entire :—

"In entering on the second year of the existence of this Institution, the Trustees on whom the duty has devolved of carrying into effect the intentions of the Founder, are desirous of obtaining the attention of the principal inhabitants of the neighbourhood to the important and beneficial purposes contemplated in this foundation.

"The practice of meeting together for mental improvement and recreation, by means of Lectures, Reading-Rooms, Concerts, Choral Classes, and other such arrangements, is favourable alike to intellectual culture and to the social virtues and affections. As a means of moral amelioration, it is more powerful and salutary than either vehement denunciations or stringent penal enactments. The mind that has learned to interest itself in objects connected with the higher intellectual and moral faculties, gradually acquires a distaste for gross and coarse indulgences, and thus vice and misery are assailed in the surest and most effectual manner, by suppressing the causes in which they originate, and cultivating habits with which they cannot permanently co-exist. The perception of this truth has of late years been rapidly gaining ground with thoughtful

and practical philanthropists; and, accordingly, much earnest effort has been devoted to the establishment and support of institutions calculated in various ways to promote the objects above mentioned.

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Very much, however, yet remains to be accomplished. In particular, no provision has been made by any of the institutions now alluded to, for meeting the wants of the Sunday,that day of rest, on which, more than on any other, the mind possesses opportunity and inclination to occupy itself with the highest and noblest objects of thought. It would appear to be assumed, that mental recreation and improvement on the one hand, and religion on the other, are so incongruous and mutually repellent, that to attempt combining them in one system of arrangements were unseemly, if not impracticable. The grounds of this assumption are not easily intelligible. It seems a more legitimate, as it is certainly a more pleasing conviction, that a cheerful heart' is an acceptable sacrifice," and that the invisible things of God,' so far from being obscured, are more clearly seen,' when understood from the things that are made.'

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"The Institution in Beaumont Square is planned and conducted in accordance with this conviction. In addition to the arrangements of the week (which embrace the usual objects of Philosophical and Mechanics' Institutions), lectures are delivered on Sunday mornings, introduced by sacred music, and by some of the forms with which Divine Service is usually associated in this country. These lectures consist of moral exhortations, and of such religious and philosophical inquiries as the minister deems best fitted to interest and improve his hearers; the general object and tendency of the whole being to inspire the love of virtue, and to supply motive for the discharge of duty.

"The Sunday Evening Lecture is usually devoted to the examination of some branch of physical science, considered in connection with the moral and religious lessons which it suggests. The subject affords inexhaustible variety; and the numerous and attentive audiences which these lectures have already attracted, prove that Natural Theology is capable of inspiring an interest not less profound, and perhaps more enduring, than religious topics which aim more directly at excitement.

"The facts and laws of moral and physical nature constitute, therefore, the main basis of the lessons inculcated in the Chapel of the Institution in Beaumont Square. All further information that may be desired on this point, is furnished in

most frank and ample manner in the Manual' composed

and compiled by the Founder, which is used in the Sunday Morning Service. It will there be seen, that, while none of the peculiar tenets of religious sects and parties are adopted as a creed, moral truth and wisdom are cordially welcomed, from whatever quarter they may spring. It is not thought desirable to exclude altogether the notice of theological controversies, and of the revolutions in opinion with which they have been connected. The history of religion forms so conspicuous a feature in the general history of the human mind, that it would indicate a culpable indifference or timidity entirely to pass over, in a continued course of moral instruction, the many valuable and important lessons derivable from it. It is obvious that subjects of this kind, on which considerable difference of opinion prevails among inquiring minds, require the exercise of much candour on the part of hearers. The lecturer, if he speak with that entire sincerity and freedom, without which public instruction loses its force and efficacy, must occasionally give utterance to thoughts resulting from his own individual studies and reflections, and for which he alone is responsible. It is hoped, however, that a source of common agreement will never be wanting in the exercise and cultivation of that spirit of free inquiry, toleration, and charity, in which all may unreservedly unite.

"The munificence of the Founder, and the generous aid of his son and successor, render this Institution independent of popularity, or extraneous support; and it is the intention of those who are entrusted with its management to persevere steadily in their course, disregarding prejudices which they believe to be but temporary and partial, and confiding in the ultimate ascendancy of those benevolent and enlightened principles on which the establishment is based. At the same time, they cannot but feel earnestly desirous of that popular support which, while it indicates the adaptation of the Institution to popular wants, will enable them to extend its efficiency yet further; and it is with much satisfaction that they contemplate the result of the first year of its existence, in the numerous and respectable body of subscribers that have availed themselves of its advantages. The support and countenance of additional friends, and especially of the influential inhabitants of the populous vicinity in which the Beaumont Square Institution is situated, will furnish them with the means of increasing its interest, and enlarging its usefulness; and to the attention of all such, this Institution is recommended, as a means by which they may powerfully contribute to the mental enjoyment and improvement of themselves, their families, and their fellow-creatures."

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Mr Harwood, in the pamphlet of which the title is prefixed to this article, speaks chiefly of the Sunday Services and Lectures." partly," says he, " because these constitute the most peculiar and distinctive feature of our Institution, and also because it is of these alone that the nature of my connexion with you enables me to speak with full personal knowledge." He quotes, from the Advertisement prefixed by Mr Beaumont to his "Sunday Manual," the following statement of the general purpose of the meetings on that day :-" To afford Christians of every sect, and the religiously disposed of all persuasions, the satisfaction of assembling together for divine worship, and of having their minds refreshed and invigorated by expositions of the principles which naturally produce peace and happiness, free from the supernatural creeds upon which mankind are divided and exasperated, the chapel in Beaumont Square has been opened and endowed." We learn from Mr Harwood, that, in pursuance of this plan, lectures were delivered in the chapel during the successive Sundays of the preceding year, by Mr Thomas Wood, on the following subjects: -Ancient Philosophy; Integrity; Primitive Christianity; Paul's Defence of himself before Agrippa; the Corruptions of Christianity; the Relative Duties of the Rich and Poor; Mahomet and Mahometanism; Popery; the Irascible Emotions; the Protestant Reformation; and the Spirit of the Age: and, by Mr Harwood himself, on the True Principle of Mental Tolerance; Reason and Revelation; the Spirit of Antagonism and Negation; Six Lectures on German Anti-supernaturalism; Four Lectures on Life, considered under its various aspects of Success and Failure; Two Lectures on the Moral Importance of Little Things; Two Lectures on Self-help; the New Year; Two Lectures on Falsehood, as generated and upheld by Social Usages and Institutions; the Love and Pursuit of Truth; the Christening of the Prince of Wales; Two Lectures on the Life and Character of Priestley, and his Work as a Theological Reformer; the Spirit of Exclusion and Monopoly; the Childlike Character; the Relation of Theological Opinion to Religious Faith; the Spirit of Hebrew Poetry; Four Lectures on the History of the Hebrews, considered under its leading Epochs-the Patriarchal Age, the Heroic Age, the Age of National Development, and the Age of Calamity and Hope; the Relations of the Hebrew History and Poetry to Christianity; Two Lectures on Cheerfulness; and one on the Bible, its Use and Value as a Source of Moral Instruction, and its Relations to Natural Religion. In the Sunday even

were delivered, during the winter months, Six Lectures on Philosophy and Moral Uses of History; Thirteen Lectures