-Lunatics in Ireland-Influence of Muscular Labour on 209-224 SECT. I. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 1. Mr Combe on the Application of Phrenology to the Fine Arts 2. Mr Hytche on the Imperfections of Phrenological Casts, 6. Mr W. R. Lowe on Mr Prideaux's Theory of Volition as the Cause of Phreno-Mesmeric Manifestations, 7. Facts against Mr Prideaux's "Fallacies of Phreno-Mesmerism," 1. Guy's Principles of Forensic Medicine, Part II., 2. Dr Castle's Phrenological Analysis of the Character of Kerner, 3. Sweetser's Mental Hygiene, Edinburgh edition, 4. Reports of Mr Simpson's Lectures to the Working Classes of Dr Gall (with a Plate)-Lectures on Phrenology-Phreno-Mes- merism-Contemporary Journals-London Phrenological So- ciety-Phrenology and Emigration-The Phrenological Asso- ciation; Mr Prideaux's Paper on Phreno-Mesmerism-The late Dr Barlow of Bath-Phrenology in Germany-Montreal Phrenological Society-London Ethnological Society-Prizes for Essays on Insanity-People's College at Nottingham- Pauper Lunatics in Scotland-Characters of the Egyptian and Negro Races-Tendency to Insanity at Childbirth-Power of the Voice over Children-Insanity in the United States-Ten- dency to Suicide-Effects of Mental Emotions on the Body- Causes and Cure of Cretinism-Contention with Difficulties THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL. No. LXXVIII. JANUARY, 1844. NEW SERIES.-No. XXV. I. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. I. On School-Flogging, considered in reference to its Effect on Boys of different Temperaments. By Mr E. J. HYTCHE. It is THE prevalent ignorance of the constitution of man cannot be more strikingly illustrated than by a reference to the methods adopted for the development of the mental faculties. The effects of this ignorance are not limited to any period of life; for, in tracing our own histories, we perceive that at every era we have been subject to external influences which were calculated to retard rather than accelerate the growth of mind. But at no period have these mal-influences been more powerful than during the time allotted to school-training; for then we were the passive victims of the unskilfulness of professed educationists-unskilful, because necessarily devoid of that knowledge which is the pre-requisite of success. to the ignorance of schoolmasters that we must ascribe the use which has been so universally made by them of flogging. For had these hard-working men been aware that it is as natural for a well-developed organ to act without compulsion, as it is for the well-strung sinew to delight in displaying its vigour, they could not have imagined that the fear of disgrace or pain would incite, when the most powerful of all motives the pleasure of exercise was found unavailing. Moreover, had teachers appealed to facts, they would have perceived that, as there are idiosyncrasies in the powers of assimilation and digestion, so there are natural differences in mental power, varying from the capacity of an idiot to the grasp of a Franklin. And the same reason which precludes the punishment of those who possess naturally weak digestive organsnamely, that the inability was not self-caused--would have prevented the chastisement of those who, like Mr Com VOL. XVII.-N. S. NO. XXV. JAN. 1844. A No. LXXXI. SECT. I. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 1. Mr Combe on the Law of Copyright, 2. Dr Lyon Playfair on the Functions of Oxygen in relation to Sleep, &c., Page 321 327 342 . 345 356 359 3. On the Artificially-distorted Skulls of a Peruvian Race, 6. Remarks by Mr Braid on Mr Simpson's Letter on Hypnotism in SECT. II. CASES AND FACTS. 365 1. Mr Donovan on the reputed Head of Oliver Cromwell, 2. Phreno-mesmeric Cases, with Remarks. By Professor Gregory, 379 3. Case of Wm. Saville, executed at Nottingham for murder, SECT. III. NOTICES OF Books. 1. The German Phrenological Journal, Nos. III. and IV., 2. Byrne's Fallacy of Phrenology, 3. The Medical Journals: 1. The Medico-Chirurgical Review, 2. The British and Foreign Medical Review, 1. Report of the Metropolitan Commissioners on Lunacy, to the 410 411 2. Essays on Partial Derangement of the Mind in supposed con- Majorca Phrenological Society--Norway-The Phrenological As- Index, 412-418 419 WOODCUTS IN THIS VOLUME. Idiot, 117-Cingalese, 120--Gottfried, 120-Negro, Sandwich Islander, and Swiss, 121-Hare and Melancthon, 122-Brain, Spinal Marrow, and Nerves, 125-Distorted Peruvian Skull, 342-Reputed Head of Oliver Cromwell, 371-Bust of Cromwell, 372-Saville, a murderer, 391. To the Binder. Insert Dr Gall's portrait opposite page 305. THE PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL. No. LXXVIII. JANUARY, 1844. NEW SERIES.-No. XXV. I. MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. I. On School-Flogging, considered in reference to its Effect on Boys of different Temperaments. By Mr E. J. HYTCHE. THE prevalent ignorance of the constitution of man cannot be more strikingly illustrated than by a reference to the methods adopted for the development of the mental faculties. The effects of this ignorance are not limited to any period of life; for, in tracing our own histories, we perceive that at every era we have been subject to external influences which were calculated to retard rather than accelerate the growth of mind. But at no period have these mal-influences been more powerful than during the time allotted to school-training; for then we were the passive victims of the unskilfulness of professed educationists-unskilful, because necessarily devoid of that knowledge which is the pre-requisite of success. It is to the ignorance of schoolmasters that we must ascribe the use which has been so universally made by them of flogging. For had these hard-working men been aware that it is as natural for a well-developed organ to act without compulsion, as it is for the well-strung sinew to delight in displaying its vigour, they could not have imagined that the fear of disgrace or pain would incite, when the most powerful of all motives the pleasure of exercise-was found unavailing. Moreover, had teachers appealed to facts, they would have perceived that, as there are idiosyncrasies in the powers of assimilation and digestion, so there are natural differences in mental power, varying from the capacity of an idiot to the grasp of a Franklin. And the same reason which precludes the punishment of those who possess naturally weak digestive organsnamely, that the inability was not self-caused--would have prevented the chastisement of those who, like Mr Combe, VOL. XVII.-N. S. NO. XXV. JAN. 1844. A |