PAGE 132. Questions and Commands. Cf. vol. iii. p. 283; The Vicar No. 354.

of Wakefield, xi. (2nd paragraph).

PAGE 133. Xenophon. On the Polity of Lacedæmon.

PAGE 134.

Red Breeches, etc.

Red Breeches, etc. Wycherley, The Plain Dealer, II. i.
Otway. Friendship in Fashion, III. i.

PAGE 134. Motto. Ovid, Tristia, ii. 563.

PAGE 135. Epictetus. Enchiridion, xlviii., lxiv.
PAGE 136. Balzac. Balzac's Letters were first translated into English
by W. Tirwhyt, in 1634. Sir Richard Baker added two volumes
of New Epistles in 1638. An enlarged edition was published in
one volume in 1654.

PAGE 137. Boccalini. See note in vol. iv. p. 296.

Motto. Juvenal, Sat. x. 349-50.

PAGE 138. Catastrophe of this Day. Good Friday.

In plain and apt parable. It would appear that from this point the paper is a reprint, with a few alterations (chiefly by way of condensation), of the concluding portion of the second chapter of Steele's early work, The Christian Hero.

PAGE 141.

PAGE 148.

Motto. Virgil, Æn. ii. 6, 8.

Homer. represents sleep. Iliad. xiv.

PAGE 149. Strength and Necessity. Eschylus, Prometheus Bound.
Before him went the Pestilence, Habakkuk, iii. 5.

PAGE 150. Motto. Horace, Odes, IV. xii. 28.

Charles Lillie. Ante, vol. i. p. 335.

Mosaick Work. Steele's allusion to the Stonesfield mosaic is best explained by an advertisement in No. 349 et seq. (A.):— Whereas about nine Weeks since there was accidentally discovered by an Husbandman at Stimsfield [Stunsfield], near Woodstock in Oxfordshire, (a large Pavement of rich Mosaick Work of the Ancient Romans, which is adorn'd with several Figures alluding to Mirth and Concord, in particular that of Bacchus seated on a Panther). This is to give Notice, that an exact Delineation of the same is Engraven and Imprinted on a large Elephant Sheet of Paper; which are to be sold at Mr. Charles Lillie's, Perfumer, at the corner of Beauford Buildings, in the Strand, at Is. N.B. There are to be had at the same Place at one Guinea each on superfine Atlas Paper, some painted with the same variety of Colours that the said Pavement is beautified with; this piece of Antiquity is esteemed by the Learned to be the most considerable ever found in Britain." The engraver was Vertue.

PAGE 151. And one perhaps.
And one perhaps. Probably a reference to a frolic of Sir
Charles Sedley.

PAGE 152. Estcourt. (See note, vol. iv. p. 292). Congreve's Love
for Love is advertised in A for Tuesday, April 22nd.

Ancient Pantomime. Pantomime is here used in its older and more correct sense. The word is defined in Blount's Glossary (ed. 1674), as an actor of many parts in one play." Cf. Johnson in his Dictionary, where he quotes Hudibras, III. ii. 1287-90. PAGE 153. Motto. Virgil, Eclog. ii. 63-4. PAGE 155. Pocket Milton. Perhaps a good word for the pocket edition so frequently advertised by Buckley in the Spectator (A). Paradise Lost, x. 888-908. Usually

No. 359.

No. 360.

No. 361,

No. 362.

No. 363,

No, 364,

"O, why did God,

Creator wise, that peopled highest heaven.

PAGE 156. Motto. Horace, Epist. I. xvii. 43-4.

(foot).

Silence of our Poverty. Cf. vol. iv. p. 50 (foot), and p. III

The Christian Hero. In chap. iii. See the note supra,

p. 293.

PAGE 159. A Fellow of no Mark.

Ist Henry IV., III. ii. 45.
Motto. Virgil, Æn. vii. 514-5. Addison had changed it to
Omnis contremuit domus.

The Humorous Lieutenant, by Beaumont and Fletcher. See also vol. iv. p. 58.

PAGE 162. Mr. * * *

In A, at the end, is added—" Not being yet determined with whose Name to fill up the Gap in this Dissertation, which is marked with Asterisks, I shall defer it till this Paper appears with others in a Volume."

Mr. Collier. The passage will be found on p. 24 of Part ii. of his Essays upon Several Moral Subjects (1697).

Almanzor. See vol. ii. p. 339 and vol. iii. p. 321.

PAGE 163. Motto. Horace, Epist. I. xix. 6.

Celebrated Yesterday. 23rd April was Queen Anne's Coronation Day (1702); and also St. George's Day.

Brooke & Hellier. See note in vol. iv. p. 299. This paper on Bad Wine recalls No. 131 of the Tatler, which exposes the "Chymical Operators" who, "by the Power of Magical Drugs and Incantations," raise "under the Streets of London the choicest Products of the Hills and Valleys of France." Steele there speaks of the adulteration of Port, of "the Lands in Herefordshire " being raised Two Years Purchase since the Beginning of the War." He denounces the operators "as no better than a kind of Assassins and Murderers within the Law." It will be hard for the modern victim to believe that the vintners of Steele's day were such good alchemists, but the advertisements of protestation, in the columns of the original Spectator, amply prove the venerable fraud. Cully Mully Puff. See vol. iii. p. 307, and note.

PAGE 167. Motto. Virgil, Æn. ii. 368-9.

They forthwith. This is adapted from Par. Lost, x. 108690. The other quotations in this paper show several variations from the accepted text.

PAGE 173. Jamque mare, &c. Ovid, Metam. I. 291-2.
PAGE 175. Motto. Horace, Epist. I. ii. 28-9.

was written by

"This letter on travelling," says Chalmers, Mr. Philip Yorke, afterwards Earl of Hardwicke, who was likewise the author of another paper in the Spectator, which his son could not particularly remember. This information is given on the authority of Dr. Thomas Birch, in a letter dated June 15, 1764.” PAGE 178. Exactness. After this word the text of A continues :— "I can't quit this Head without paying my Acknowledgments to one of the most entertaining Pieces this Age has produc'd, for the Pleasure it gave me. You will easily guess, that the Book I have in my head is Mr. A-'s Remarks upon Italy. That Ingenious gentleman has with so much Art and Judgment applied his exact

Knowledge of all the Parts of Classical Learning to illustrate the No. 364, several occurrences of his Travels, that his Work alone is a pregnant Proof of what I have said. No Body that has a Taste this way, can read him going from Rome to Naples, and making Horace and Silius Italicus his Chart, but he must feel some Uneasiness in himself to Reflect that he was not in his Retinue. I am sure I wish'd it Ten Times in every Page, and that not without a secret Vanity to think in what State I should have Travelled the Appian Road with Horace for a Guide, and in company with a Countryman of my own, who of all Men living knows best how to follow his Steps.

But I have wandered.

PAGE 179. The Amorous Widow, or, The Wanton Wife, a comedy based on Molière's George Dandin (see note on p. 292), first played at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1670. Mrs. Porter had taken the part of Philadelphia at the revival at the Haymarket on 19th November, 1709. See Genest. i. p. 108.

PAGE 179. Motto. Virgil, Georg. iii. 272.

Menagiana. See vol. i. p. 226, and note.

PAGE 180. Dryden. Palamon and Arcite, ii. 53-56; i. 176-179: "breaks their sluggard sleep.

PAGE 181. Paradise Lost, iv. 268-271.

Snake in the Grass. Virgil, Eclog. iii. 92-3.

PAGE 182. Motto. Horace, Odes, I. xxii. 17-18, 23-24.
PAGE 183. Scheffer's History of Lapland is the Oxford trans-
lation (1674) of his Latin account, entitled Lapponia (1673).
Scheffer, a native of Strassburg (died 1679), was librarian to
Queen Christina of Sweden and a Professor in the University of
Upsala. The version of this translation in the Spectator is by
Ambrose Philips, whose translations from Sappho had been printed
in Nos. 223 and 229 (see note in vol. iii. p. 319). Another song
in Scheffer's book is rendered in No. 406.
PAGE 186. Motto. Juvenal, Sat. i. 18.
PAGE 188. The new edition

of Cæsar's Commentaries. This is the beautiful folio edited by Samuel Clarke, and published by Tonson. The Preface is dated 4th Dec. 1711.

PAGE 189. Motto. Cicero, Tusc. Quæst. i. 48 (115).

Cf. also Johnson,

"Bossu is of opinion that the poet's first work is to find a moral, which his fable is afterwards to illustrate and establish" (Life of Milton). See the note on Addison's use of Le Bossu, iv. pp. 292, 296, and v. p. 286.

PAGE 198. This paper concludes Addison's weekly critiques of Paradise Lost. With all due appreciation of the literary merits of Addison's work in this matter, one is forced to the conclusion that it is unsatisfactory as a piece of systematic criticism. Its influence was undoubtedly great (see note in vol. iv. p. 292), but its true merit lies in the success which it achieved for the reputation of Milton. The papers took the public fancy, as Addison's bookseller was glad to testify, and were the innocent cause of much exaggerated

No. 365,

No. 366.

No. 367.

No. 368.

No. 369.

praise, of which Eusden's verses in Steele's Miscellany (1727) are
a typical example. An excellent critique of Addison's papers
will be found in a note by Richard Hurd. "It gives one pain
to refuse to such a writer, as Mr. Addison, any kind of merit,
to which he appears to have laid claim, and which the generality
have seemed willing to allow him. Yet it must not be dis-
sembled, that criticism was, by no
His
means, his talent.
taste was truly elegant; but he had neither that vigour of
understanding, nor chastised, philosophical spirit, which are
so essential to this character, and which we find in hardly any
of the antients, besides Aristotle, and but in a very few of the
moderns. For what concerns his Criticism on Milton in particular,
there was this accidental benefit arising from it, that it occasioned
an admirable poet to be read, and his excellencies to be observed.
But for the merit of the work itself, if there be any thing just in
the plan, it was because Aristotle and Bossu had taken the same
route before him. And as to his own proper observations, they
are for the most part, so general and indeterminate, as to afford but
little instruction to the reader, and are, not unfrequently, altogether
frivolous. They are of a kind with those, in which the French
critics (for I had rather instance in the defects of foreign writers
than of our own) so much abound; and which good judges agree
to rank in the worst sort of criticism.'
" (Q. Horatii Flacci Epis
tola ad Pisones et Augustum, etc., 3rd edition, Cambridge, 1757.
Vol. ii. p. 94.)

PAGE 199. Motto. See text of paper.
PAGE 200. This paper is a companion to No. 182 of the Tatler.
Steele there says "It may possibly be imagined by severe Men,
that I am too frequent in the mention of the Theatrical Represen-
tations," and he proceeds (to refer to but one point of identity) to
make a comparison between Robert Wilks (see B. I.) and Colley
Cibber (see B. I.), much in the terms of the present paper.
"Wilks has a singular Talent in representing the Graces of
Nature, Cibber the Deformity in the affectation of them.
Cibber, in another Light, hits exquisitely the flat Civility of an
affected Gentleman-Usher, and Wilks the easy Frankness of a
Gentleman. If
If you would observe the Force of the same Capaci-
ties in higher Life, Can any Thing be more ingenuous, than the
Behaviour of Prince Harry when his Father checks him? Any
Thing more exasperating, than that of Richard, when he insults
his Superiors? To beseech gracefully, to approach respectfully,
to pity, to mourn, to love, are the Places wherein Wilks may be
made to shine with the utmost Beauty: To rally pleasantly, to scorn
artfully, to flatter, to ridicule, and to neglect, are what Cibber
would perform with no less Excellence."

The Trip to the Jubilee. The second title of Farquhar's
Constant Couple (1700). Sir Harry Wildair is the "Young Man
of Good-nature."
Mosca in Ben Jonson's Volpone, or,

An artful Servant.

The Fox.

Estcourt. See p. 293.

Lord Foppington. In Colley Cibber's Careless Husband.

PAGE 200.

Dogget. Ante, vol. iii. p. 249. See B. I.
Corbacchio. Corbaccio was Johnson's part in Ben Jonson's

Volpone.

William Penkethman (ante, vol. i. p. 326). Cibber's Love
Makes a Man, or, the Fop's Fortune is advertised in 'A' for his
benefit that evening. He took the part of Don Lewis, alias
Don Choleric Snap Shorto de Testy, and the author that of
Clodio, alias Don Dismallo Thick-Scullo de Half Witto.

PAGE 201. Mrs. Bicknell took her benefit in Cibber's Constant Couple
(supra). Mrs. Oldfield took the part of Lady Lurewell. The bill of
the play adds, "Dancing by Mr. Prince, Mr. Thurmond, and
Mrs. Bicknell” (Advt. in A). See B. I.

- Motto. Juvenal, Sat. x. 28-9.

PAGE 202. One of the Wits of the last Age. Perhaps Buckingham, author of the Rehearsal.

PAGE 205. Motto. Ovid, Metam. i. 758-9.

Ralph Bellfry refers to the letter in No. 14 (vol. i. p. 54).

PAGE 206. Mr. Powell at the Bath. See the Tatler, Nos. 44, 50 (containing Powell's reply from Bath), 77, and 115; also note in

vol. i. of the Spectator, p. 319.

PAGE 208. Motto. Juvenal, Sat. xiv. 109.

· Locke's Treatise. III. x. xi.

PAGE 21I. Motto. Lucan, Pharsalia, ii. 657. "Nil actum credens, cum quid

the Essay.

PAGE 214. Motto. Horace, Odes, iv. 45-50.

No, 370,

No. 371.

No. 372,

No, 373,

Some texts read No. 374. Steele translates it in

No, 375,

No. 376,

No. 377.

A noble saying of Seneca. See the first paragraph of No.

39 (i. p. 143).

PAGE 222.

Horace, Odes, II. xiii. 13-14.
See vol. iii. p. 114, and note.
Porcupine. Cowley's Anacreontiques, iii.-

"They are all Weapon, and they dart
Like Porcupines from every Part.

The Ring. Ante, vol. i. p. 335.

PAGE 223. The Trip to the Jubilee. See note on p. 296.

This is the first appearance of the Messiah, which Pope had written at Binfield. Steele printed it in A as he received it, and on June 1st wrote to the author-"I have turned to every verse and chapter, and think you have preserved the sublime heavenly spirit throughout the whole, especially at Hark a glad voice, and The Lamb with wolves shall graze. There is but one line which I think below the original,

He wipes the tears for ever from our eyes.

You have expressed it with a good and pious, but not so exalted and poetical a spirit as the prophet, The Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces. If you agree with me in this, alter it by way of paraphrase or otherwise, that when it comes into a volume it may be amended. Your poem is already better than the Pollio." Pope accepted the advice, and altered the line in

No. 378.