Holy Land," and "My Strength and My Heart Faileth," as having especial merit.

3. The Brewer's Family. By Mrs. Ellis, author of "Women of England.” "The Brewer's Family," as one might almost infer from the name, is a temperance story, very pleasantly told, and very forcible in its teachings. Mrs. Ellis's writings are always pure in style, womanly in feeling, and of high moral tone. The second story in the book, entitled " Rainy Days, and How to Meet Them," although shorter than the first, is quite as interesting and instructive.

4. The Brownings: A Tale of the Great Rebellion. By J. G. Fuller, author of “The Grahams," &c.

This volume contains two stories. The first gives its name to the book; the second is entitled "Lucy Lee, or All for Christ." They are both exceedingly pretty and interesting. The former is a narrative of the sufferings and escape of a Union family at the South in the early part of the war; the latter gives the story of a young girl of intellect and talent who finally turns away from the path to fame, which seems to open before her, to enter upon one of arduous selfdenying Christian duty. The book is well fitted for a Sunday School prize, or, indeed, for a present to any young person.

The following advertisements appear in our advertising pages this month:

Eugene Kelly & Co.-36 Wall St.
DeWitt, Kittle & Co.-88 Wall St.
Simon De Visser-52 Exchange Place.
York-Hol-Duncan, Sherman & Co.-Cor. Pine & Nassau.
L. P. Morton & Co.-30 Broad Street.
Robinson & Ogden-4 Broad St.
Howe & Macy-30 Wall St.
Gilmore, Dunlap & Co.-Cincinnati.
Lewis Johnson & Co., Washington.
Ninth National Bank-363 Broadway.

Howard & Co.-619 Broadway-Diamonds,
Watches, Holiday Gifts, etc.
Mercantile Library-Clinton Hall, Astor Place
and Eighth St.

Ferdinand Korn-191 Fulton St.-Eau de
Cologne.

Lewis Audendried & Co.-110 Broadway-An-
thracite and Bituminous Coal.
Grover & Baker-495 Broadway-Sewing Ma-
chines.

A. B. Sands & Co.-139-141 William St.-Drugs
J. W. Bradley-97 Chambers St.-Hoop Skirts.
Chickering & Sons-632 Broadway-Pianos.

BANKERS & BROKERS.

Tenth National Bank-336 Broadway.
Barstow, Eddy & Co.-26 Broad St.
Lockwood & Co.-94 Broadway.
Vermilye & Co.-44 Wall St.

INSURANCE.

New York Mutual Insurance Co-61 William st
Fidelity Insurance Co.-17 Broadway.
Marine-Atlantic Mutaal Ins. Co.-51 Wall St.
Mercantile Mut. Ins. Co.-35 Wall St.
Orient Mutual Ins. Co.

Sun Mutual Ins. Co.-49 Wall St.
Great Western Insurance Co.
Fire-Hope Fire Ins. Co.-92 Broadway.
Germania Fire Ins. Co.-175 Broadway.
Etna Insurance Co.-Hartford.

U. S. Life Insurance Co.-40 Wall St.

THE

MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE

AND

COMMERCIAL REVIEW.

MAY, 1 8 6 7.

LOUISVILLE-ITS MANUFACTURES, TRADE AND COMMERCE.

Louisville is the commercial depot of the middle portions of Kentucky and Tennessee, and by railroad connections, now in course of being made effective, will at no distant period become the important entrepot of an active commerce between the Southern Alantic coast and the valley of the Ohio River.

The city is located in latitude 38 degrees 3 minutes, longitude 85 degrees 30 minutes, on the Onio River, above the falls, 400 miles from its confluence with the Mississippi at Cairo, and 600 miles below the junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburg. The distance to Cincinnati, by river, is about 140 miles. To New Orleans the river route is nearly 1,500 miles. Altogether, the waterways tributary to the commerce of the city have a length of upwards of 4,000 miles.

The railroads entering Louisville come from the south. The most im· portant of these is the Louisville and Nashville. which has a length of 185 miles, with branches to Bardstown and Lebanon (the latter to be extended to the State line, and there connect with the Knoxville and Kentucky Railroad), and a branch from a point five miles south of Bowling Green towards Memphis, which city, by this route, is only 377 miles from Louis ville. By means of this road the city has, or will have, a very complete connection with the Southern system of roads reaching to the Gulf of Mexico, to the Atlantic Ocean, and to the West and Southwest as far as the railroad has yet penetrated. Another important railroad, the Louisville and Lexington, comes in from the southwest from Lexington and

Frankfort. A railroad is also being constructed south of the Ohio, so as to connect Louisville directly with Cincinnati. The only railroads reaching Louisville from the North are the Jeffersonville and the Louisville, New Albany and Chicago; but through those the city has ample connection with the Northern system of railroads. The Jeffersonville Railroad, in connection with the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, forms the present route from Louisville to Cincinnati, but a more direct route is projected by a railroad following the river from Lawrenceburg to Jeffersonville. The Louisville and Portland Canal admits the passage of river steamers, and connects the upper and lower navigation of the Ohio.

Louisville stands on a high, broad plateau, 70 feet above the river, and rising into back-ground hills. This area is so sloped and graded by nature as to afford excellent drainage. It is regularly laid out, the streets crossing at right angles, and the principal ones are threaded by passenger railroads, extending back to the outskirts.

The town of Louisville and the County of Jefferson, of which it is the capital, were laid out in 1780. Kentucky at this time was a wilderness. The Indian perogue, the keel boat, and subsequently the flatboat, the Western broadhorn, were in those days the only means of transportation and travel on the Western waters. In 1812 Fulton built the steamboat Orleans, 400 tons burden, at Pittsburg, and this was the first that ever descended the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The subjection of steam to navigation exercised a most extraordinary influence on the prosperity and commerce of this as on all the river towns, and completely revolutionized the modes of locomotion, economizing time by speed, and making travel a pleasure, instead of being, as heretofore, a hardship. In 1828 the town was elevated to the dignity of a city, with enlarged limits. At this time the population was not more than 8,000. It has now upward of 120,000 inhabitants, and is valued at $43,108,569. The steps by which this great population and wealth have been acquired are shown in the following statement:

The extraordinary increase in the valuation of 1840 was due to speculation in real estate, which in the years immediately preceding had crazed the whole country.

Manufactures generally centre at those points where power and fuel are cheapest and most abundant. Louisville in this respect presents advantages unequalled by any place in the Southwest. Its water power is beyond accurate measurement, while its facility of navigation by river are unsurpassed, and its railroad connections calculated to make it a grand centre of trade and commerce. The water power of the falls exceeds that of the present laboring population of the State, and if adequately used would turn a thousand mills. From returns collected in 1866 there were 421 manufacturing establishments in the city, a tabular statement of

which is subjoined. The capital employed in these is more than twelve million dollars, and the number of hands nearly eight thousand, producing annually to the amount of 27 million dollars. The details of these interests are as follows:

From this table it appears that the most important manufactories in Louisville are its saw mills, foundries, agricultural implement factories, saddleries, distilleries, flour mills, paper mills, tobacco factories and boat

building establishments. The rope and bagging factories, tanneries, candle and soap factories, breweries, cement factories and others are also on a large scale. The largest number of hands are employed in the foundries and tobacco factories.

The tobacco trade is the oldest interest, as it is also one of the most important in which Louisville is engaged. From the earliest time it has been a conspicuous industry. The trade has developed wonderfully. The increase of this great interest is shown in the following statement:

The largest receipts and sales were made in 1864, when the quantity sold reached 63 322 hogsheads, valued at $11,961,802. In the city and county there are 24 manufactories of chewing and smoking tobacco. The number of cigar manufactories is 91, and the number of cigars returned for taxation in 1864-65 was 5,022,730.

The foundry business, including workers in iron, copper, brass, &c., is a very large and increasing interest. These consume about 400,000 bushels of coal per annum. These establishments turn out the best steamboat work, as well as other kinds of machinery. The steamboats of Louisville, indeed, have a high reputation from Pittsburg to New Orleans. One of the principal foundries possesses complete arrangements for casting gas and water pipes, and is now turning out about ten tons a day, with the expectation of being able to increase the quantity to twenty tons. The Louisville rolling mills is a very extensive concern, with a capacity of turning out 9,000 tons a year.

In the flouring business there are some eight or ten steam and water mills. Some of these mills are also manufacturers of corn meal, and in addition there are several extensive grist mills, which are exclusively engaged in the production of meal. The product of these mills in 1865 was 128,500 barrels.

Two steam paper mills are now in operation. They are purchasers to the extent of $500,000 of rags, tow, straw, &c., used in the manufacture of various qualities of paper.

Plows and agricultural implements are made in Louisville by the thousand. The carpenter, joiner and house-building department is very great. The saddlery, harness, trunk and other similar branches, besides the boot and shoe business, are prosecuted by many establishments, some of which are very extensive. Leather of all kinds and qualities is produced largely. A morocco factory is also in operation. Carriages and wagons and other knids of vehicles are manufactured on an extensive scale. Barrel and box making is of necessity a large interest; and a large number of hands are employed in other wood manufactures, as doors, sashes, blinds, etc.

The different cotton and woolen factories in the city produce of their respective fabrics to an aggregate value of $360,000 per annum. In addition to these fabrics the product of the Cannelton and Bonharbor Mills, brown sheetings, osnaburgs, cotton yarus, battings, &c., are mainly sold in the Louisville market.