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States-Continued.

new States may be admitted, Art. 4, Sec. 3, ¶ 1.

but cannot be formed within jurisdiction of another, 4, 3, 1.

nor by junction of States or parts of States without consent,
4, 3, 1.

nor without its consent can a State be deprived of its equal suf-
frage in Senate, 5.

three-fourths of may ratify amendments, 5.

republican Government guaranteed to, 4, 4.

to be protected from invasion, 4, 4.

and on their application against domestic violence, 4, 4.
ratification Constitution, 7

powers not delegated to United States nor prohibited to States
are reserved, Am. 10.

Supreme Court judicial power vested in, 3, 1.

judges to hold office during good behavior, 3, 1.

compensation of judges not to be diminished during term, 3, 1.
original jurisdiction in certain cases, 3, 2, 2.

appellate jurisdiction, regulations of Congress, 3, 2, 2.

Supreme law-Constitution, laws, and treaties to be, 6, 2.
judges in every State bound by, 6, 2.

Suppression of insurrection-Congress to provide for, 1, 8, 15.
debt incurred for not to be questioned, Am. 14, 4.

Taxes-how apportioned among the States, 1, 2, 3.

capitation or direct to be in proportion to census, 1, 9, 4.
not to be laid on articies exported, 1, 9, 5.

Congress hall have power to levy and collect, 1, 8, 1.
to be uniform throughout the United States, 1, 8, 1.

Temporary appointment-may be made in vacancies in Senate, 1, 3, 2.
Tender in payment-restriction on power of State, 1, 10, 1.
Term of office-of President and Vice-President, 2, 1, 1.
of Representatives, 1, 2, 1.

of Senators, 1, 3, 1.

Territory-Congress to dispose of and make rules for, 4, 3, 2.
Testimony-necessary to conviction for treason, 3, 3, 1.
Times, places, and manner-of elections to Congress, 1, 4, 1.
Congress may alter regulations, except, 1, 4, 1.

Title of nobility-United States shall not grant, 1, 9, 8.
no State shall grant, 1, 10, 1.

United States official not to accept from any king, etc., 1, 9, 8.
Tonnage-restriction on State as to duty of, 1, 10, 3.

Tranquillity-purpose of Constitution to insure, Preamble.
Treason-in what consists, 3, 3, 1.

testimony necessary to convict of, 3, 3, 1.
Congress to declare punishment for, 3, 3, 2.

attainder of not to work corruption of blood, 3, 3, 2.

shall not work forfeiture except during life, 3, 3, 2.
removal from office on conviction of, 2, 4, 1.

privilege from arrest not to extend to cases of, 1, 6, 1.

Treasury-money drawn from only in consequence of appropriation,
1, 9, 7.

accounts of receipts and expenditures to be published, 1, 9, 7.
Treaties-President, with concurrence of Senate, may make, 2, 2, 2.
judicial power to extend to cases under, 3, 2, 1.

to be supreme law binding on all judges, 6, 2.

Treaty-no State shall enter into, Art. 1, Sec. 10, ¶ 1. Trial-and judgment after conviction on impeachment, 1, 3, 7. Trial by jury-of all crimes except cases of impeachment, 3, 2, 3, to be held in State where crime was committed, 3, 2, 3. when not committed within a State, to be where Congress directs, 3, 2, 3.

of accused to be speedy and public, Am. 6.

in suits at common law, Am. 7.

Tribunals-inferior to Supreme Court, Congress may establish, 1, 8, 9. Troops-State shall not keep in time of peace, 1, 10, 3.

Two-thirds-of Senate to concur in conviction on impeachment, 1, 3, 6.
of each House may expel a member, 1, 5, 2.
may pass a bill over President's veto, 1, 7, 2.
concurrence required to make treaty, 2, 2, 2.

of States, for call of convention to propose amendments, 5.
of both Houses may propose amendments, 5.

of States represented, required for choice of President by
House, Am. 12.

of Senators required for election of Vice-President, Am. 12.

of Congress may remove disability to office, Am. 14, 3.

Union-purpose of Constitution to establish more perfect, Preamble. state of, to be given to Congress by President, 2, 3, 1.

new States may be admitted into, 4, 3, 1.

restriction as to formation of new States, 4, 3, 1.

Unreasonable searches and seizures-prohibited, Am. 4.
Unusual punishments-not to be inflicted, Am. 8.

Useful arts-Congress to promote progress of, 1, 8, 8.

Vacancy-in representation, Executive to issue writs of election to fill, 1, 2, 4.

in Senate, how filled, 1, 3, 2.

during recess of Senate to be filled by commission, 2, 2, 3. Validity of public debt-not to be questioned, Am. 14, 4.

Vessels-from port of one State not to be obliged to pay duties in another, 1, 9, 6.

Veto-of bill by President, proceedings of Congress on, 1, 7, 2.
Vice-President-to be President of Senate, 1, 3, 4.

to have no vote except on equal division, 1, 3. 4.
Senate may choose President pro tempore, 1, 3, 5.
to be chosen for four years, 2, 1, 1.

number of electors and manner of appointing, 2, 1, 2.

duties of President, when to devolve on, 2, 1, 5.

Congre s may provide by law for appointment of uncertain cases, 2, 1, 5.

removal from office by impeachment, 2, 4.

manner of choosing, by electors, Am. 12.

to be named by electors in distinct ballots, Am. 12.

distinct lists to be signed, certified, and sent to President of Senate, Am. 12.

count of votes by President of Senate, Am. 12.

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person having reatest number of votes to be, Am. 12.

If no person have majority, Senate to choose, Am. 12.
quorum for such purpose to be two-thirds, Am. 12.
majority of whole number necessary to a choice, Am. 12.
when to act as President, Am. 12.

eligibility to office of, Am. 12.

Virginia-representation in first Congress, Art. 1, Sec. 2, ¶ 3.
Vote-each Senator shall have one, 1, 3, 1.

Vice-President not to have, except on equal division, 1, 3, 4.

requiring concurrence of two Houses to be presented to President, 1, 7, 3.

right to, not to be abridged by reason of race, color, etc., Am. 15, 1.

each House may expel a member by two-thirds, 1, 5, 2.

bill vetoed may be passed by a two-thirds, 1, 7, 2.

of two-thirds required for conviction on impeachment, 1, 3, 6. two-thirds of Congress necessary to propose amendments, 5. consent of two-thirds Senate necessary to make treaty, 2, 2, 2. two-thirds necessary to remove disability for office, Am. 14, 3.

War-power of Congress to declare, 1, 8, 11.

power to make rules and articles of, 1, 8, 14.

no State, without consent of Congress, to engage in, 1, 10, 3.
treason consists in levying, 3, 3, 1.

Warrants-to issue only on probable cause, Am. 4.

on oath or affirmation, Am. 4.

Weights and measures-Congress to fix standard of, 1, 8, 5.
Welfare-purpose of Constitution to secure, Preamble.
Congress shall have power to provide for, 1, 8, 1.

Witnesses-no person to be compelled to testify against himself, Am. 5. accused to be confronted by, Am. 6.

accused to have compulsory process for, Am. 6.

testimony necessary for conviction for treason, 3, 3, 1. Writs-of election to fill vacancies in representation, 1, 2, 4.

Written opinion-of heads of departments, President may require, 2,2, 1.

Yeas and nays-at desire of one-fifth to be entered on journals, 1, 5, 3. passage over veto to be determined by, 1, 7, 2.

THE

Constitutions of California

Constitution of California.

ADOPTED BY THE CONVENTION, OCTOBER 10TH, 1849;
RATIFIED BY THE PEOPLE, NOVEMBER 13TH,
1849; PROCLAIMED, DECEMBER 20TH,

1849; AND AMENDED IN 1857,
1862, AND 1871.

PREAMBLE.

We, the people of California, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, in order to secure its blessings, do establish this Constitution.

ARTICLE I.

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.

§ 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty; acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.

§ 2. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for the protection, security, and benefit of the people, and they have the right to alter or reform the same whenever the public good may require it.

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