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"Talking Thrush" with regard to modifications of the original versions, or had combined the two methods, her collection would have been far more valuable from the "interested reader's" point of view, and would have lost none of its charm.

Some objection might be raised to the lack of genre classification of the stories, if their aim is to convey information as to the "magic, superstitions, and weird customs of the Filipinos." Obviously there is a great difference in value between a myth and a world-wide hero-tale, or a legend and a fable, as cultural records. Magic, superstitions, and weird customs are usually found in narrative form embedded in fairy or demon stories; but this class of tales is almost altogether neglected in the collection. Creation stories, "just-so" stories, droll stories, legends, and myths so ancient that they survive only as entertaining tradition, are mixed up indiscriminately, with the result that the general reader cannot help but have a distorted and confused impression of the "wonder-world" these eleven distinct tribes have imaged for themselves.

The main value of the book is that it will serve to stimulate interest in the folk-lore of a section of the Orient which has been studied during the last two decades mainly from the point of view of its economic, political, and historical significance, but which is deserving of the most intelligent investigation by all who appreciate the worth of the labors of the brothers Grimm and their host of followers.

D. S. F.

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THE

HE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN FOLK-LORE (Quarterly Editor, Franz Boas), issued by the American Folk-Lore Society, is designed for the collection and publication of the folk-lore and mythology of the American Continent. The subscription price is three dollars per annum.

The Society
The yearly

The American Folk-Lore Society was organized January 4, 1888. holds annual meetings, at which reports are received and papers read. membership fee is three dollars. Members are entitled to receive The Journal of American Folk-Lore. Subscribers to the Journal, or other persons interested in the objects of the Society, are eligible to membership, and are requested to address the Permanent Secretary to that end.

Authors alone are responsible for the contents of their papers.

Officers of the American Folk-Lore Society (1917).

President. - Robert H. Lowie.

First Vice-President.-G. L. Kittredge.

Second Vice-President.-J. Walter Fewkes.

Councillors. For three years: R. B. Dixon, E. Sapir, A. L. Kroeber. For two years: Phillips Barry, C.-M. Barbeau, A. M. Espinosa. For one year: B, Laufer, E. K. Putnam, Stith Thompson. Past Presidents: H. M. Belden, John A. Lomax, Pliny Earle Goddard. Presidents of Local Branches: Charles Peabody, A. M. Tozzer, E. C. Perrow, Miss Mary A. Owen, Haywood Parker, Reed Smith, Clyde C. Glasscock, John M. Stone, John Harrington Cox.

Editor of Journal. Franz Boas, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.

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Permanent Secretary. - Charles Peabody, Cambridge, Mass.

Assistant Secretary. A. V. Kidder, Cambridge, Mass.

Treasurer. Alfred M. Tozzer, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

Auditing Committee. - Roland B. Dixon, A. V. Kidder.

Officers of Local and State Branches and Societies.

BOSTON.- President, Charles Peabody; First Vice-President, A. V. Kidder; Second Vice-President, Helen Leah Reed; Secretary, Mrs. J. W. Courtney; Treasurer, Samuel B. Dean.

CAMBRIDGE.-President, A. M. Tozzer; Vice-President, Mrs. E. F. Williams; Treasurer, Carleton E. Noyes; Secretary, Mrs. W. Scudder.

KENTUCKY. - President, E. C. Perrow; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Ewing Marshall, Miss Alice A. Cassity; Secretary, D. L. Thomas; Treasurer, John F. Smith.

MISSOURI. - President, Miss Mary A. Owen; Vice-Presidents, Miss Lucy R. Laws: Mrs. Eva W. Case, Miss Jennie M. A. Jones, Mrs. Edward Schaaf; Secretary, H. M. Belden; Treasurer, C. H. Williams; Directors, A. E. Bostwick, Miss Jennie F. Chase, Leah R. C. Yoffie.

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Haywood Parker; Secretary and Treasurer,

Secretary, George F. Will.

SOUTH CAROLINA. President, Reed Smith; Vice-President, Henry C. Davis; Secretary and Treasurer, F. W. Cappelmann.

TENNESSEE. Secretary, Henry M. Wiltse.

TEXAS. — President, Dr. Clyde C. Glasscock; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Adele B. Looscan, W. S. Hendrix; Secretary, W. P. Webb; Treasurer, Stith Thompson; Councillors, Mrs. Lillie T. Shaver, L. W. Payne, Jr., Miss Dorothy Scarborough. VIRGINIA. - President, John M. Stone; Vice-President, Miss Martha M. Davis; Secretary-Treasurer, Walter A. Montgomery; Archivist, C. Alphonso Smith. WEST VIRGINIA. - President and General Editor, John Harrington Cox; VicePresident, Robert Allen Armstrong; Secretary-Treasurer, Walter Barnes.

Entered as second-class matter, July 6, 1911, at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

AMERICAN FOLK-LORE.

VOL. XXX.-JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1917.—No. CXVII.

BALLADS AND SONGS.

EDITED BY G. L. KITTREDGE.

THE thanks of the Society are due to the many contributors who have furnished material for this report and have allowed the editor to make such use of their collections as space permitted. Their names are duly mentioned in each instance.1 Professor Belden has not only given free access to his store of texts, but has fortunately been at hand for consultation. Miss Loraine Wyman has been very generous with the songs and ballads recently collected by her in Kentucky, a part of which but by no means all may be found in the first volume of "Lonesome Tunes." 2

THE ELFIN KNIGHT (Child, No. 2).

Child was the first scholar to print an American version from oral tradition (1883; 1: 19 [J, from Massachusetts, 1828]). Other American versions or variants have since appeared from time to time. See JAFL 7 228-229 (from Massachusetts; reprinted in Child, 5: 284); 13: 120-122 (Georgia); 18: 212-214 (Barry, Massachusetts and Rhode Island); 19: 130-131 (California); 23: 430-431 (Vermont);

1 The following lists and reports are cited by the name of the author in each case: Belden, A Partial List of Ballads and other Popular Poetry known in Missouri, 2d ed., 1910 (Missouri Folk-Lore Society); Barry, privately printed list of ballads, etc.; Shearin and Coombs, A Syllabus of Kentucky Folk-Songs, Lexington, Ky., 1911 (Transylvania Studies in English, No. ii); Frank C. Brown, Ballad Literature in North Carolina (reprinted from Proceedings and Addresses of the Fifteenth Annual Session of the Literary and Historical Association of North Carolina, Dec. 1-2, 1914); Bertrand L. Jones, FolkLore in Michigan (reprint from Kalamazoo Normal Record, May, 1814, Western State Normal School, Kalamazoo, Mich.); John H. Cox, reports of the West Virginia FolkLore Society, in West Virginia School Journal and Educator (Morgantown, W.Va., vols. 44-46); Pound, Folk-Song of Nebraska and the Central West, 1915 (Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 9: No. 3).

* Lonesome Tunes, Folk Songs from the Kentucky Mountains, the words collected and edited by Loraine Wyman, the Pianoforte Accompaniment by Howard Brockway, Volume One (New York, The H. W. Gray Co. [1916]).

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