constructed round the obstructions in the St. Lawrence, opens a free communication by water from the shores of the Detroit river to Montreal, and thence to the Atlantic; and it is in contemplation to connect lakes Huron and Simcoe with the long and extensive chain of lakes throughout the Newcastle District, or improving the navigation of the Ottawa river and connecting it with lake Huron, opening a great field for agricultural and commercial enterprize. The advantage of the navigation of these Canals and the St. Lawrence, are as exclusively British, as the navigation of the Mississippi is American : and the British government in order to augment and foster her immense navigating interests, permits Canadian produce into her ports at a very small duty, and the Provincial legislature has just petitioned for a further remission of the duties on tobacco, the western section of the Province having been discovered to be peculiarly favorable for its growth. It is also ascertained that the climate and soil, especially that of the western part of Upper Canada, are admirably adapted for the growth of the white Mulberry, to the cultivation of which, the attention of our enterprising neighbors in the United States has long been earnestly directed: favored as we are in our commerce with Great Britain, it would prove a mine of wealth to the Province if entered into with spirit. This country possesses physical capabilities of greatness and of wealth, without limits, and beyond all bounds; she has a territory which is spread out to an interminable extent, and fertile in every production, conducing to the necessities and the gratification of animal nature; her navigable rivers, her capacious and convenient ports, and the broad blue bosom of the Atlantic main, which connects her with the Mother country and her other Colonies, and with the kingdoms of Europe, all give to her the means and the

facility of acquiring the most ample and the most permanent strength.

"Nature and the arts have conspired to make the Gulph of St. Lawrence the seat of empire in America. Cape Breton is its gate and key; Quebec, with its silver spires and batteries confronting heaven, is its citadel-and the towers along the steeps of Halifax, and cannon that bristle on the shore, guard the port and arsenal of Marine. Within reach, the commerce of the Atlantic is carried by, on the stream from the Gulph of Mexico, as on the bosom of a river, as the commerce of the five great lakes will descend the broad St. Lawrence by the gates of Quebec. Cape Breton, Halifax, the islands of Grand Manan and Bermuda, not only secure the navigation of the ocean, but they shut up and form a chain of blockade along the whole American coast. Late be the necessity of exerting such a power again, as its former exercise was brief and successful; but it is only by such pledges that this country includes many people in her empire, and imposes the laws of industry and peace."

With regard to choice between Canada and the United States, particularly Illinois and Michigan, to which the preference has been given by some late British anti-British writers, two circumstances should be well considered: First, to become a citizen of the United States, a person must serve an apprenticeship of five years, during which period he is considered as an alien; at least three years before he is deemed worthy of naturalization, he is compelled to appear before a public court, abjure for ever his allegiance to the land of his birth, and the King, and Constitution, which he has ever been accustomed to revere. After this probation, and at the end of five years, he has again to renew his protestations of fidelity to the government of the United States, his abjuration of all Kings, more especially the King of Great Britain and Ireland, After this purification from all monarchial principles, he may possess land and houses, and hold hereditable property, but he may rest assured that he will never obtain any office either of honor or emolument in the state. Second, in addition to the gratification of associating with num

bers from Great Britain, and seeing the British flag proudly waving in every harbor; in Upper Canada, a native of Great Britain can hold property at once, becomes eligible to every office, and is indeed and in fact fully entitled to all the rights and privileges he enjoyed at home, and happily exempt from all the burdens which must necessarily co-exist with a huge national debt. Then with regard to salubrity, Canada must unquestionably take the preference, the cold of winter is divested of more than half of its gloom and misery, by the extreme dryness of the atmosphere; and the intense heat of summer is attempered by delightful breezes from the lakes. In Illinois. the summer is much hotter than in Canada, and the country is indifferently watered in Michigan the water is extremely bad, and the country abounds in pestilential swamps. is a very convincing proof of the excellence of the institutions of Canada, and quite demonstrative of the freedom from all oppression on the part of the government, that numbers of respectable citizens from the United States come annually to settle in Canada, and that there is not a Session of the Provincial parliament, in which there are not many applications, by such persons, for the power of naturalization. They are too keen and clear sighted a people to settle and become subjects, in a country, where oppression exists, or where the most ample opportunities are not afforded of acquiring competence.

It

Taxation can scarcely be said to exist in Canada, it is so trifling, and only for repairing roads, and the expenses of the different districts. Servants and laborers, and mechanics of all descriptions are certain of employment and ample remuneration; and instances are numerous, of persons of this class having sent home money from their savings, to assist in bringing out their indigent relations. The public works in progress will furnish employment,

for years to come, to any number of laborers coming from Great Britain, and will continue to sustain the present high wages which they receive for their work. The route by the St. Lawrence, in good ships, is certainly preferable, for persons of small means; the passage is cheap, the facility of reaching every portion of the Upper Province great, and at small expense; whilst the establishment throughout the Canadas, of benevolent societies, formed for the purpose of aiding indigent emigrants, must prove a great inducement to those whose helpless condition renders elemosynary assistance indispensable. Thus the poor laborer of Great Britain may come with confidence to this country, and be sure to find a refuge; his industry encouraged, his piety respected, his ambition animated: with no restraint but those laws which are the same to all, and no distinction but that which his merit may originate. Who can deny that the existence of such a country, in connection with Great Britain, presents a subject for human gratulation! Who can deny that its gigantic advancement offers a field for the most rational conjecture?

I take this opportunity of returning my very sincere thanks and acknowledgements to many kind friends, for the valuable assistance they have afforded me, in the compilation of these Statistics.

To my venerable friend, the Bishop of Kingston, whose long residence in this Province, and whose unquenchable zeal in the promotion of its welfare, has long endeared him to the great bulk of its inhabitants, I am especially obliged. He came into this Province when there were but few houses in it, performing incredible journies by land and by water, wading through rivers, reposing in the forests, or receiving occasional accommodation in the moveable hut of the wandering savage: he has lived to see it the abode of thousands, who, without any other

capital than their personal labor, began to denude the soil of its primeval forests, and are now owners of extensive, well cultivated farms, and surrounded by all the substantial comforts of life. It has been his earnest desire to behold the industrious, but overburdened, classes from Great Britain, receiving the full meed of their laborious exertions here, where property is unencumbered with feudal burdens, undiminished by quit-rents or taxes, guarded by laws equally administered, and sustained by the tutelary arm of Great Britain. Bishops McDonell and McEacheven were amongst the first to induce emigration to Canada and Novascotia, by exerting their influence amongst the brave and hardy Highlanders, when quitting their native mountains, not to desert their ancient banner of St. Andrew, but take up their abode in a Colony of the British Crown. And notwithstanding one of the most abandoned men that ever disgraced the human name or race, has been exerting himself for years, to sever the connection between this Province and the Parent State, yet I believe the great bulk of the people are quite satisfied with the benevolent intentions of the British government towards this Colony; exemplified, as it is, in every measure that could tend to promote its prosperity, and crowned by the luminous instructions of Lord Glenelg to the present talented Governor of the Province, Sir F. B. Head, in the satisfactory declaration, that her unrivalled Constitution shall be firmly upheld. These base demagogues have fully satisfied the public of their revolutionary views, and are only supported by those whose aim is destruction, anarchy, and rebellion. They have sounded Alecto's horn in a peaceful and prospering Province, retarded its improvement, and checked emigration for some time, and despoiling and destroying, to the utmost of their power, the fruits of industry, and the hopes of advance