SUPERVISORY BOARD AND CONSTITUENT SOCIETIES

THE AMERICAN YEAR BOOK was established in 1910 by conferences of members of national learned societies, acting officially or unofficially in behalf of their societies, and organized as a Supervisory Board. In 1911 the Supervisory Board was incorporated as the American Year Book Corporation, the officers of which are: President, Albert Bushnell Hart; Vice-President, Calvin W. Rice; Secretary and Treasurer, George W. Kirchwey; Directors, Albert Bushnell Hart, Hastings Hornell Hart, George W. Kirchwey, Alexander Lambert, Calvin W. Rice, John C. Rolfe. The following is a list of the members of the Board, representing the societies indicated, who have supervised the preparation of the material in this issue of the YEAR BOOK:

Cyrus C. Adams, New York. AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
Herbert Adams, New York. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF ARTS.

Edwin W. Allen, Department of Agriculture, Washington. SOCIETY FOR THE
PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE.

Elmer E. Brown, Chancellor, New York University. NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.

Francis Marion Burdick, Professor of Law, Columbia University. AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION.

Edward Caldwell, New York. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGI

NEERS.

Edwin G. Conklin, Professor of Zoology, Princeton University. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE and AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ZOOLOGISTS.

Daniel H. Cox, Consulting Engineer, New York. Secretary, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS.

William M. Davis, Professor of Geology, Harvard University. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS, and NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Charles R. Eastman, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Editor, PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

James C. Egbert, Professor of Latin, Columbia University. ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA.

Henry W. Farnam, Professor of Political Economy, Yale University. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABOR LEGISLATION.

E. Porter Felt, New York State Entomologist. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS.

Franklin H. Giddings, Professor of Sociology, Columbia University. AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Caspar F. Goodrich, Rear-Admiral, U. S. N., retired. UNITED STATES NAVAL INSTITUTE.

Albert Bushnell Hart, Professor of Science of Government, Harvard University. AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

Hastings Hornell Hart, Sage Foundation, New York. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTION.

A. V. Williams Jackson, Professor of Indo-Iranian Languages, Columbia University. Secretary, AMERICAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY.

Emory R. Johnson, Professor of Commerce, University of Pennsylvania. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.

George W. Kirchwey, Warden of Sing Sing State Prison, Ossining, N. Y. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY.

C. Grant La Farge, New York. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS. Alexander Lambert, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Cornell University Medical School. AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.

Waldo Lincoln, Worcester, Mass. President, AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SO

CIETY.

George Grant MacCurdy, Professor of Archeology, Yale University. Secretary, AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.

Samuel J. Meltzer, Rockefeller Institute, New York. AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

George T. Moore, Professor of Applied Botany, Washington University. Secretary, BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

Edward L. Nichols, Professor of Physics, Cornell University. AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY.

Calvin W. Rice, Secretary, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. John C. Rolfe, Professor of Latin Languages and Literature, University of Pennsylvania. AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.

Henry N. Russell, Professor of Astronomy, Princeton University. ASTRONOMICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

Edwin R. A. Seligman, Professor of Political Economy and Finance, Columbia University. AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION.

Alexander Smith, Professor of Chemistry, Columbia University. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY.

Bradley Stoughton, Consulting Engineer. Secretary, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS; AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS. Wendell M. Strong, Editor of the Transactions, ACTUARIAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

Walter F. Willcox, Professor of Economics and Statistics, Cornell University. President, AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION.

W. W. Willoughby, Professor of Political Science, Johns Hopkins University. Secretary, AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION.

Edwin B. Wilson, Professor of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY.

George G. Wilson, Professor of International Law, Harvard University. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.

Clinton Rogers Woodruff, Secretary, NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE.

James I. Wyer, Jr., New York State Library.

AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSO

CIATION.

CONTRIBUTORS

Nathan Abbott, A.B., LL.B.: LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE.
Professor of Law, Columbia University.

Cyrus C. Adams, A.B.: EXPLORATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH.
Former Editor, Bulletin of the American Geographical Society.
Eugene E. Agger, M.A., Ph.D.: BANKING AND CURRENCY.

Assistant Professor of Economics, Columbia University.

Edwin West Allen, Ph.D.: AGRICULTURE.

Chief, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture; Editor, Experiment Station Record; Secretary, Agricultural
Section, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Carl Lucas Alsberg, A.M., M.D.: BIOLOGICAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY.
Chief, Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Andrew P. Anderson, B.S.: HIGHWAYS.

Highway Engineer, Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Irene Osgood Andrews, A.B.: LABOR LEGISLATION.

Assistant Secretary, American Association for Labor Legislation. John Bertram Andrews, A.M., Ph.D.: LABOR; UNEMPLOYMENT.

Secretary, American Association for Labor Legislation; Editor,
American Labor Legislation Review.

Joseph A. Anglada, M.E.: AUTOMOBILES.

Consulting Mechanical Engineer.

Charles Edward Asnis, M.A., LL.B.: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.

Member of the Philadelphia Bar; Lecturer in Political Science, University of Pennsylvania.

Wallace Walter Atwood, B.S., Ph.D.: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.

Professor of Physiography, Harvard University; Geologist, U. S.
Geological Survey.

Leonard S. Austin, Ph.B.: COPPER.

Consulting Mining and Metallurgical Engineer.

William Nickerson Bates, A.M., Ph.D.: CLASSICAL ARCHEOLOGY.

Professor of Greek, University of Pennsylvania; Editor, Department of "News and Discussions," American Journal of Archæology.

Albert Croll Baugh, Ph.D.: ENGLISH LITERATURE.

Instructor in English, University of Pennsylvania.

Morris Bien, Ph.B., LL.M.: PUBLIC LANDS.

Supervising Engineer and Counsel, U. S. Reclamation Service.

E. Raymond Bossange, Ph.B.: ARCHITECTURE.

Secretary in charge of the School of Applied Design, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh.

Benjamin P. Bourland, A.M., Ph.D.: ROMANCE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. Professor of the Romance Languages, Western Reserve University.

Harlow Brooks, M.D.: MEDICINE.

Professor of Clinical Medicine, University and Bellevue Hospital
Medical College.

Arthur Wesley Browne, M.S., Ph.D.: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. Professor of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Cornell University.

Francis Marion Burdick, A.B., LL.B., LL.D.: LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE.
Dwight Professor of Law, Columbia University.

Henry King Carroll, LL.D.: RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS.
Associate Secretary, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in
America.

Emile M. Chamot, Ph.D., B.Sc.Chem.: SANITARY CHEMISTRY.

Professor of Sanitary Chemistry and Toxicology, Cornell University. Daniel H. Cox: NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND MARINE ENGINEERING.

Graduate, U. S. Naval Academy and Royal Naval College, Greenwich, England: Secretary, American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.

William Thomas Cross, A.M.: CHARITY.

General Secretary, National Conference of Charities and Correction. Arthur Davis Dean, B.S., D.Sc.: VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND GUIDANCE. Director, Division of Agricultural and Industrial Education, University of the State of New York.

Walter Dennison, Ph.D.: EPIGRAPHY.

Professor of Latin and Greek, Swarthmore College.

Frank Walbridge DeWolf, S.B.: STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.

Director. State Geological Survey of Illinois; Secretary, Association of American State Geologists.

Raymond Smith Dugan, M.A., Ph.D.: ASTRONOMY.

Assistant Professor of Astronomy, Princeton University.

Benjamin Minge Duggar, M.S., A.M., Ph.D.: BOTANY.

Professor of Plant Physiology, Missouri Botanical Garden and
Washington University.

Charles Rochester Eastman, A.M., Ph.D.: PALEONTOLOGY.

Research Associate in Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History; Editor, Paleontological Society of America.

Walter Prichard Eaton, A.B.: THE DRAMA.

Dramatic Critic, American Magazine.

Walter H. Evans, A.M., Ph.D.: DISEASES OF PLANTS.

Botanical Editor, Experiment Station Record; Chief of Insular Stations, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Charles De Van Fawcett, E.E.: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.

Instructor in Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.

James Ford, Ph.D.: COÖPERATION,

Assistant Professor of Social Ethics, Harvard University.

Edwin J. Glasson, B.S.A.: HORTICULTURE; FORESTRY.

Horticulture and Forestry Editor, Experiment Station Record, U. S.
Department of Agriculture.

Ernest Henry Godfrey, F.S.S.: CANADA.

Editor, Census and Statistics Office, Ottawa, Canada.

Leon Goldmerstein, M.A.: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

Editor, "Engineering Survey," Journal of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers.

Selskar Michael Gunn, S.B.: PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.

Associate Professor of Sanitary Biology and Public Health, Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology; Director, Division of Hygiene,
Massachusetts State Department of Health; Secretary, American
Public Health Association.

Edward Everett Hale, A.B., Ph.D.: AMERICAN LITERATURE.
Professor of English, Union College.

Robert Dawson Hall: COAL, COKE, AND PETROLEUM.
Associate Editor, Coal Age.

Fred Geer Harden, M.A.: RECLAMATION.

Irrigation Engineer, Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering,
U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Richard Compton Harrison, A.M., LL.B.: PUBLIC SERVICES.

Formerly Assistant Counsel, Public Service Commission, First District of New York; Deputy Commissioner of Docks, New York. Rowland Haynes, M.A.: RECREATION.

Field Secretary, Playground and Recreation Association of America. Daniel Lyman Hazard, A.B.: TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM.

Assistant Chief, Division of Terrestrial Magnetism, U. S. Coast and
Geodetic Survey.

William Arthur Heidel, Ph.D.: GREEK LITERATURE.

Professor of Greek, Wesleyan University.

Roscoe R. Hill, A.B.: LATIN AMERICA.

Associate Professor of History, University of New Mexico.

Heinrich O. Hofman, E.M., Met. E., Ph.D.: LEAD.

Professor of Metallurgy, Harvard University and Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.

Arthur Norman Holcombe, Ph.D.: POPULAR GOVERNMENT.

Assistant Professor of Government, Harvard University. William A. Hooker, B.S., D.V.M.: ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY; MEDICINE.

VETERINARY

Editor for Economic Entomology and Veterinary Medicine, Experiment Station Record, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

G. Carl Huber, M.D.: ANATOMY.

Professor of Anatomy and Director of Anatomical Laboratories,
University of Michigan.

Grover G. Huebner, Ph.D.: TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND COMMUNICATION.
Assistant Professor of Transportation and Commerce, University of
Pennsylvania.

Solomon S. Huebner, Ph.D.: ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND THE CONDUCT OF BUSINESS; PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE.

Professor of Insurance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania.

Jerome Clarke Hunsaker, S.M.: AERONAUTICS.

Assistant Naval Constructor, U. S. Navy; Instructor in Aeronautical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Walter Renton Ingalls, S.B.: ZINC.

Editor, Engineering and Mining Journal.

Abram S. Isaacs, A.M., Ph.D.: JUDAISM.

Professor of Semitic Languages, New York University. Morris Jastrow, Jr., Ph.D.: SEMITIC PHILOLOGY AND LITERATURE.

Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania.

Wolfgang L. G. Joerg: CARTOGRAPHY.

Assistant Editor, Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. Alexander Johnson: SOCIAL AND MENTAL HYGIENE.

Field Secretary, Committee on Provision for the Feeble-Minded.

Alexander Bryan Johnson, Ph.B., M.D.: SURGERY.

Professor of Clinical Surgery, Columbia University.

Joseph Esrey Johnson, Jr., M.E., M.M.E.: IRON AND STEEL.
Consulting Engineer and Metallurgist.