The American Year Book

Foreign Jurisprudence.-Legislation.-Judicial Decisions.-Domestic Ju-

risprudence.-Legislation.-Administration of Justice.-Statutory Revi-

sion and Drafting.-Uniformity of State Laws.-Legal Education.-

Legal Ethics.-Legal Procedure.-Constitutional Law.-Police Power.

Due Process of Law.-Freedom of Contract.-The "Grandfather Clause."

-Race Segregation.-Alien Labor.-Hours of Labor.-Wage Payments.

-Civil Rights.-Married Women's Rights.-Ex post facto Laws.-Aliens.

-Divorce.-Adoption.-Rights of Pupils in Schools.-Effect of Foreign
Moratoria.-Employers' Liability.-Liability of Labor Unions.-Copy-
right. Eminent Domain.-Realty Titles.-Deeds of Gift.-Joint Bank
Deposits.-Torts.-Patents and Trade-Marks.-Animals and Trespass.-
Libel. Liability for Fire.-Liability for Defective Food.-Rights of Pub-
lic Officers. CRIMINAL LAW.-Legislative and Judicial Tendencies.-
Regulation and Protection of Business.-Prohibition of Fraudulent Prac-
tices.-Protection of Women and Children.-Protection of Adult Em-
ployees. Prostitution and Sex Crimes.-Protection of Health, Safety,
and Morals.-Intoxicating Liquors and Habit-Forming Drugs.-Treat-
ment and Punishment of Prisoners.-Procedure.

X. PUBLIC RESOURCES AND PUBLIC WORKS

PUBLIC LANDS. MINERAL RESOURCES: U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. STATE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.-Topographic Maps.-Economic Geology.-Surface

and Underground Waters.-Soil, Forest, and Highway Investigations.

RECLAMATION.-The Reclamation Service.-Irrigation.-Drainage. HIGH-

WAYS.-Engineering and Construction.-Legislation.-Expenditures.

Mileage. WATERWAYS AND HARBORS.-Appropriations.-Harbors.—Riv-

ers. New York Barge Canal.-Panama Canal.

XI. PUBLIC SERVICES

Public Service Commissions.-General Tendencies in Utilities Regula-

tion. Municipal Ownership.-Water Supply.-Lighting.-Sewage and

Refuse Disposal.

279

297

THE ARMY.-Administration.-Authorized Strength.-War Department.
-Distribution of Combatant Troops.-Appropriations.-Regular Service.
-Military Academy.-Recruiting. Education in the Army.-The Organ-
ized Militia.-Pensions. THE NAVY.-Navy Department.-Naval War
College. Naval Advisory Board.-Appropriations.-New Construction.-
Vessels Building and Authorized. The Fleet.-Characteristics of Latest
Types of Battleships and Battle Cruisers.-Personnel.-Marine Corps.-
Naval Militia.-Aeronautics.-Estimates for 1916-17.

Business Conditions in 1915.-Agriculture.-Iron and Steel Trade.-

Copper Trade.-Foreign Trade.-Building Operations.-Business Fail-

ures.-Railroad Earnings.-Bank Clearings.-The Security Market.-

Prices of War Stocks.-New Securities Listed.-Incorporations.-The

Money Market.-Prices and Cost of Living. The Conduct of Business.

-Stock Exchanges.-Blue-Sky Laws.-Cotton Futures Act.-Cotton

Bills of Lading Central Bureau.-National Foreign Trade Council.-

Railway Steamship Lines on the Great Lakes.-Leading Anti-Trust

Cases.

XIV. PUBLIC FINANCE, BANKING, AND INSURANCE

PUBLIC FINANCE.-Federal Finance.-Appropriations for 1916.-Receipts

and Expenditures.-Internal Revenue. War Revenue Tax.-Income Tax

Receipts. Treasury Deficit.-Public Debt.-New Sources of Revenue.—

The Tariff.-State and Local Finance. -Classification of Property.-

Separation of Sources.-"Secured-Debt" Taxes.-Exemption of Improve-

ments. Taxation of Corporations.--Income Taxes.-Inheritance Taxes.

-State Debts.-Municipal Debts. BANKING AND CURRENCY.-The Bank-

ing System.-Currency.-National Banking System.-State Institutions.

-Postal Savings System.-Federal Reserve System.-Banking Legisla-

tion. Important Court Decisions.-Banking and the War. LIFE IN-

SURANCE.War Mortality.-Expense Limitation.-Statistics of Life-In-

surance Companies.-Sale of Equitable Stock.-New Mortality Table.-

Industrial Insurance.-Fraternal Insurance. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY

INSURANCE.-Fire and Marine Insurance.-Fire Losses.-War-Risk In-

surance. Liability and Compensation Insurance.-Accident and Health

Insurance-Burglary and Theft Insurance.-Automobile-Damage Insur-

ance. Fidelity and Surety Insurance.

XV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS.

So-

CONSTRUCTIVE AND PREVENTIVE SOCIAL WORK.-Social Settlements.-
Social Centers.-Social Surveys.-Remedial Loans.-Prevention of Tu-
berculosis.-Hospital Social Service. CHILD WELFARE.-Protective
Movements. Children's Bureau.-Infant Health.-Dependent Children.
-Juvenile Courts.-Defective Children.-Child Labor. RECREATION.-
Legislation.-Motion Pictures.-Social Centers.-Recreation Surveys.-
Rural Communities.-Community Singing.-Recreation and Vice.
CIAL WORK OF THE CHURCHES. IMMIGRATION.-Restriction of Immi-
gration. Problems of Assimilation. SOCIAL AND MENTAL HYGIENE.
Sex Education.-Laws for the Suppression of Vice.-Vice Commission
Surveys.-Venereal Diseases.-Birth Control.-Mental Defectiveness.-
CRIMINOLOGY AND PENOLOGY.-Psychological Research.-Lynchings.-
Prison Administration and Management.--Honor System.-Self-Govern-
ment.-Prison Architecture.-Penal Legislation.-Prison Labor.--Inde-
terminate Sentence, Probation, and Parole.-Capital Punishment.
LIQUOR PROBLEM.-Production and Taxation.-Prohibition Movement.-
Local Option. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND GUIDANCE. COOPERATION.-
Cooperation among Farmers and Artizans.-Cooperation of Consumers.
SOCIALISM. UNEMPLOYMENT. CHARITY.-Development of Social Work.
-The War and Charity.-Community Foundations.-Governmental
Participation in Welfare Work. The Insane.-War Relief.

XVI. LABOR AND LABOR LEGISLATION

THE

LABOR.-Trade Disputes.-Boycotts and Blacklists.-Conciliation and

Arbitration.-Court Decisions.-Labor Organizations.-Strike Trials.--

Industrial Investigations.-Social Insurance.-Workmen's Compensa-

tion.-Safety, Health, and Comfort.-Wages.-Profit Sharing. Hours

of Labor.-Cost of Living. LABOR LEGISLATION.-Accident and Dis-

ease Reporting.-Administration of Labor Laws.-Child Labor.-Fac-

tories and Workshops.-Hours of Labor. Immigration and Aliens.-

Mines.-Pension and Retirement Systems.-Railroads and Street-cars.-

Trade Unions and Trade Disputes.-Unemployment.-Wages.-Work-

men's Compensation.-Woman's Work.

XVII. AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES

AGRICULTURE.-The Crop Year.-Cotton Situation.-U. S. Department

DAIRYING.-Milk Con-

of Agriculture.-State Agricultural Departments.-Agricultural Exten-

Sociology.-Farm Labor.

LIVE STOCK.-

sion Work.-Rural

sumption. Milk Inspection.-Coöperative Associations.

Marketing and Cooperation.-Horses.-Sheep and Wool.-Poultry and

Eggs.

VETERINARY MEDICINE.-Foot-and-Mouth Disease.-Hog Cholera.

Measly Beef. Serodiagnosis.

Texas Fever. Dourine.-Anthrax. —
DISEASES OF PLANTS.-Nonparasitic Diseases.-Fungi.-Diseases of Cer-
eals, Forest Trees, Fruits, Fruit Trees and Vegetables.-Control of
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.-Plant Lice.-Gipsy Moth.-

Plant Diseases.

House Fly.-Cotton Boll Weevil.-Ox Warble.-Pear Thrips.-Mediter-

ranean Fruit Fly.-European Pine-Shoot Moth.-Two-Lined Chestnut

Borer.-Apple Root Borer.-Insecticides and Machinery, AGRICULTURAL

LEGISLATION.-Agricultural Credit and Coöperation.-Marketing Farm

Products. Quarantine and Inspection Laws.-Agricultural Education

and Extension Work.-HORTICULTURE.-Crop Conditions.-Marketing of

Fruits and Vegetables.-Fruit Juices.-Shipment of Pollen.-Spraying

FORESTRY.-Forest Legisla-

FISHERIES.-New England

Materials.Treatment of Tree Wounds.

tion. National Forests.-Forest Schools.

STATISTICS OF

Vessel Fisheries.-Otter-Trawl Fishery.-Lobster Fishery.-Alaska.—

Fur Seals.-Fishery Legislation.-Bureau of Fisheries.

AGRICULTURE.

XVIII. THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES

451

487

IRON AND

COAL, COKE, AND PETROLEUM.

MINING AND ORE DRESSING.

STEEL. Effects of the European War.-Ore Supplies.-Coke.-The Blast

COPPER. Concentration of Low-

Furnace. Steel Making.-Cast Iron.
Grade Ores.-Flotation Process.-Leaching of Sulphide Ores.-Smelting.
GOLD AND SILVER.-Production.-Discovery

Precipitation of Flue Dust.

LEAD. Ore Purchasing.-Mechanical Ore

Condensation.-

and Exploitation.-Milling.

Process.-Fume

Plants.-Parkes
Hearth. Smelting
Conditions.-Ore Supply.-New
ZINC.-Commercial

Lead Poisoning.

STATISTICS OF MINERAL PRODUCTION.

Smelters.-Technical Progress.

XIX. MANUFACTURES

510

Manufacture of War Supplies.-Iron and Steel.-Automobiles.-Explo-
sives. Cotton.-Exports of Arms and Munitions of War.-Cottonseed
-Chemical Industries.-Ceramic Wares.

Industry.-Cotton Manufacture.-

-Effects of the European War.-General Conditions.-Magnitude of

PATENTS AND INVENTIONS.

Domestic Manufactures.

XX. TRADE, TRANSPORTATION, AND COMMUNICATION

Merchant Marine.-Tonnage Afloat.-World's Merchant Marine.--Rela-

tive Position of American Deep-Sea Shipping.-Shipping in the Foreign

Trade. Tonnage Built.-Ship Subsidies and Mail Payments.-The Sea-

Waterways

of Trade.-Inland

men's Act.-Panama Canal Traffic.-External Commerce of the United

States. Exports.-Imports.-Balance

and Coastwise Commerce.-Express Companies.-The Post Office.-Rail-

way Mail Pay.-Parcel Post.-Telephones and Telegraphs.-Street and

Electric Railways.-Railroads.-Physical Condition and Services.-Op-

erating Revenues. Operating Expenses.-Net

Physical Valuation.-Capitalization.-Railroad Consolidation.-Receiver-
ships. Freight Rates.-Rulings of the Interstate Commerce Commis-
sion.-Court Decisions.-Federal Legislation.-State Legislation.

XXI. ENGINEERING

Income.-Dividends.-

CIVIL ENGINEERING.-Bridges.-Buildings.-Railways.-Rivers and Ca-

ELECTRICAL

nals. Harbors.-Storms and Floods.-Subways and Elevated Railways.
-Water Supply.-Sewers.-Dry Docks.-Dams.-Tunnels.
Research and Invention.-In-

ENGINEERING.-Telephony and Telegraphy.-Central Stations.-Electric

Traction.-Lighting and Illumination.-

ENGINEERING.-Manufacture of

dustrial Applications.

Munitions of War.-Machine Tools.-Power Generation.-Railway Engi-

neering.-Air Engineering.-Aeronautical Engineering.-Automobile En-

AERONAUTICS.-The Aeroplane Industry.--

NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND

gineering.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS AND ALLOYS.

AUTOMOBILES.

MECHANICAL

Aeroplane Design.-Records and Flights.

MARINE ENGINEERING.

XXII. MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY

520

551

583

Mathematical Aeronautics.

MATHEMATICS.-Collegiate Mathematics.

ASTRONOMY.-Earth.-Moon.-Sun.-Planets.-Comets.-Stars and Neb-

XXIII. GEOLOGY, METEOROLOgy, and GeogrAPHY .

DYNAMICAL AND STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY.-Unconformities.-Stratigraphy.

-Faults.-Geophysics.-Coral Reefs. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.-Theory of

Ore Deposits.-Gold and Platinum.-Coal. MINERALOGY AND PETROGRA-

PHY. EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY.

Rain and Snowfall.-Storms.-Frost Protection.- Climate and Crops.-

Climatic Provinces and Changes. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. PHYSICAL

GEOGRAPHY OF LAND AREAS.-Geomorphology.-The Great Lakes.---Rocky

Mountains. Inland Marine Terraces.-Physical Geography and Stratig-

raphy. Coral Reefs. OCEANOGRAPHY. CARTOGRAPHY.-International

Map of the World.-Maps of Europe.-State Base Maps.-South Ameri-

can Maps.-Maps of Africa.--Physical Maps.-Educational Maps.-At-

lases. EXPLORATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH.Effect of the Euro-

pean War. Arctic Exploration.-Antarctic Exploration.-Africa.-North

America. South America.—Asia.

XXIV. CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS.

PAGE

591

INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.-Water and the Hydrates.-

Hydrogen Peroxide.-Hydrogen.--Nitrogen.-Nonaqueous Solutions.-

Carbon.-Silicon.-Lead.-Rare Earths.-Halogen Compounds. ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY.-Petroleum.-Rubber.-Heterocyclic Rings.-Starch.-Flow-

er Colors. Oxonium Bases.-Quinquevalent Nitrogen.-Cyanamide.-Or-

ganic Analysis. BIOLOGICAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY.-Metabolism. Inter-

nal Secretion, Proteins.-Plant Chemistry.-Food and Food Control.

SANITARY CHEMISTRY.-War Problems.-Water and Sewage.-Foods.

Ventilation. AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. Soils. Fertilizers. — Plant

Chemistry.-Dairying. ELECTROCHEMISTRY.-Organic Products.-Fixa-

tion of Atmospheric Nitrogen. Electrodeposition of Metals.-Electro-

metallurgy of Steel and Zinc.-Electric Power. INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY

AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.-Effects of the European War.--Potash.-

Artificial Gasoline.-Lead Oxides and Pigments.- -Coal-Tar Dyes.-Cok-

ing By-Products.-Argon. PHYSICS.-Cosmical and Geo-Physics.-Heat.

-Electricity.-Electron Theory.-Magnetism.-Light. X-Rays.-Crys

tal Structure.-Atomic Structure.-The "Quantum" Hypothesis.

XXV. THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

ORGANIC EVOLUTION.-Evolution Hypotheses.-Selection.-Variation and

Mutation. Heredity.-Heredity and Sex.-Plant and Animal Breeding.

-Eugenics. ZOOLOGY.-Systematic.-Experimental.-Fertilization.-

Cytology.-Embryology. BOTANY. PALEONTOLOGY.

XXVI. ANTHROPOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, AND ECONOMICS.

ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY.-Fossil Man.-Cave Art.-The Arctic

Region and Canada.-The United States.-Mexico and Central America.

-Honduras.-The Amazon.-Island of Margarita, Venezuela.-Island of

Trinidad. Peru.-New Institutions and Exhibits. SOCIOLOGY.-Theory.
-Social Policy.-The Inductive Method. ECONOMICS.-Economic Psy-
chology.-Business Cycles.-Theory of Rate Making.

XXVII. PSYCHOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY.

PSYCHOLOGY.-Fundamental Principles.-Experimental Human Psychol-

ogy.-Abnormal Psychology.-Animal Psychology.-Applied Psychology.

PHILOSOPHY.-Ethics.-Logic.-Esthetics.-History.

XXVIII. THE MEDICAL SCIENCES .

mia

ANATOMY.-Cytology.-Growth and Development.-Internal Organs.-

Blood and Lymph-Vascular System.-Nervous System and Organs of

Special Sense. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY.-Blood and Circulatory

Apparatus.-Secretion.-Respiration.-Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Glyce

and Glycosuria.-Nervous System.-Pharmacological Studies.

PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY.-Typhus Fever.-Cancer.-Rhinitis.-

Pneumonia.-Agglutination of Bacteria in Vivo.-Ferments and Antifer-

ments.-Vaccine Virus.-Tissue Growth. MEDICINE.-Military Medicine.

-Typhus Fever.-Digitalis Therapy.- Tests of Renal Efficiency.-Kidney

Diseases. Effects of the X-Ray on the Blood.-Thyroid Derivatives.-

Clinical Calorimetry.-Erythema Nodosum.-Diphtheria.-Medical Edu-

cation. SURGERY.-Surgical Problems of the European War.-Wounds.-

Treatment of Infections.-Tetanus.-Poisoning by Noxious Gases.-Dis-

infection of the Skin.-The Cancer Problem.-Abdominal Surgery. PUB-

LIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.-Public Health Organization.-Health Con-

ditions in the Army.-Lung Diseases in the Navy.-Health Conditions

among Industrial Workers.-Sanitation in Rural Schools.-Epidemics

of Smallpox.-Plague Extermination in New Orleans.-Pellagra.-Ty-

phus Fever.-Foot-and-Mouth Disease.-Venereal Diseases.-Mosquito

Pest.-Healthy Summer Resorts.-New York State Commission on Ven-

tilation. VITAL STATISTICS.

XXIX. RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS

CHRISTIAN CHURCHES.-Anglican Communion.-Kikuyu Controversy.-

Canadian General Synod.-Proposed Missionary Congress at Panama.-

Episcopal and Congregational Coöperation.-Nation-Wide Preaching Mis-

sion. World Conference on Faith and Order.-Baptist.-Congregational.

-Lutheran. Methodist.-Methodist Unification.-Methodist Growth.-

Union in Scotland.-Roman

The Asbury Centenary.-Union of Methodist Protestants and United

Brethren.-Presbyterian.-Presbyterian

Catholic.-American Federation of Catholic Societies.-Increase of the

Church.-Presbyterian, Congregational and Methodist Union in Canada.

-Federation of Interdenominational Organizations.-Religious Instruc-

JUDAISM.-Progress in Palestine.-The

tion to Public School Pupils.

RELIGIOUS

War and the Jews.-Dedication of Synagogues and Other Institutions.-

Civil Rights.-Events in the United States.-Events Abroad.

BODIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

XXX. ART, ARCHEOLOGY, MUSIC, AND DRAMA

AR-

PAINTING, SCULPTURE, AND HANDICRAFTS.-The European War and
American Art.-Museums.-Exhibitions.-Sculpture.-Handicrafts.
American Architecture.-Panama-Pacific

CHITECTURE.-Tendencies in

Exposition.- -San Diego Exposition.-Notable Buildings of the Year.

CLASSICAL ARCHEOLOGY.

ARCHEOLOGY:

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.

EPIGRAPHY. MUSIC.-Grand Opera.-Symphonic Music.-Choral and

THE DRAMA.-The Theatrical

Instrumental Music.-Music in Europe.

Year. Classification of Plays.-Best Plays of the Year.-Acting.-The

New Stage Craft.-Growth of Provincial Theatres.-Separation of Stage

Art and Motion Pictures.

XXXI. LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE

AMERICAN

LITERATURE-Novels.-Poetry.-Biographies.-Essays

Criticism. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.

Swedish. Norwegian.-Danish.-Dutch.

-German.-

AND LITERATURE.

ANCIENT LITERATURE.

ROMANCE LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE.

LATIN LITERATURE. SEMITIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE.

LITERATURE,

INDO-EUROPEAN PHILOLOGY.

XXXII.

EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Activities of the Federal Government.-Education of Dependent Peo-
ples.-Elementary Education.-Sources of Income.-Per Capita Expen-
diture.-Teachers' Salaries.-Adjustment to Community Needs.-Rural
School Systems.-Expenditures.-Flexible

Schools. Teachers.-Urban

Grading and Classification.-Free Textbooks.-Adult Illiteracy.-Educa-

tion of the Negro.-Secondary Education.-Relation with Colleges.-Vo-

cational Education.-Training of Teachers.-Agricultural Education.

Summer Schools.-University Departments.-Higher Education.-Insti-

tutions and Students.-Property and Income.-Colleges of Agriculture

and Mechanic Arts.-Increased Facilities for Women. Modifying Influ-

ences in Higher Education.-Consolidation.-Degrees.-University Ex-

tension.-University Surveys.-Academic Freedom.-New Associations.-

Professional Education.-Legal Education.-Medical Education.-Educa-

LIBRARIES.

tional Foundations and Associations.