ferred from the scope of the work that every class of bond securities is given consideration, a few exceptions are indicated by the author. But these exceptions do not incline one to criticize the book on the ground that it is not sufficiently inclusive. In fact it is so encyclopædic in character that its chief value is as a work of reference. It is not well adapted for text-book purposes. Here and there the book gives one the impression of being padded. This is due to the introduction of matter which if not exactly irrelevant is certainly far from important, and also to what seems to be unnecessary expansion of relatively minor points. On the other hand, the volume has many merits which more than counterbalance its defects. The author's treatment is careful and painstaking. The advantages and disadvantages of particular types of securities are weighed and estimated with a thoroughness that leaves little to be desired. It is safe to say that in no other work can one find so complete and careful a guide to bond investment.

The same author's The Work of the Bond House (New York, Moody Publishing Company, 1912; iv, 157 pp.), although written in a rather popular vein, contains a considerable amount of valuable and interesting information. It discusses the advisory, the protective and the banking functions of the bond houses, the various aspects of the purchase of municipal, railroad and corporation bonds and the viewpoints of the banker and of the investor in the selling of bonds.

Another recent volume, dealing with business management in a popular style is Charles De Lano Hine's Modern Organization (New York, Engineering Magazine, 1912; vi, 110 pp.), in which the author presents an exposition of the " unit system" employed on the Harriman Lines. The principal characteristic of the system, if it can be called a system, is the eiimination of the distinctive titles of general superintendent, superintendent of motive power, chief engineer etc., by the appointment of each of these officers to the position of assistant general manager. In like manner the master mechanic, division engineer, trainmaster etc. are appointed assistant superintendents. The idea involved in this change is to give a more generalized responsibility to the higher officials instead of a specialized responsibility exercised by each in the performance of his particular function. The first three chapters are important and valuable; the others much less so.

The subtitle of the three-volume work Business of Insurance (New York, Ronald Press, 1912; xvi, 150 pp.), compiled and edited by Howard P. Dunham, indicates that the work is designed as a text book. But it is far from likely that it will ever serve such a purpose. Although the volumes are supposed to cover all lines of insurance, the

treatment of marine insurance is entirely inadequate as is also that of title and credit insurance and of corporate suretyship. These subjects are dealt with in a few dozen pages in a work of three volumes. The work is not scientific and gives a most inadequate idea of the insurance business. To cite but a single instance, the group of articles upon fire insurance contains practically nothing upon such important subjects as schedule rating and contribution. The books have, however, several good features, not the least of which is the bibliography following many of the articles. Several of the individual articles themselves are of considerable value, because they deal with phases of the subject upon which there is little available material.

The third edition of Henry Moirs' Life Assurance Primer (New York, Spectator Company, 1912; vi, 230 pp.) has been thoroughly revised and brought up to date by its author. At the end of each chapter in this latest edition, the author has appended a list of questions and has thereby rendered the work more satisfactory for textbook purposes.

Mr. Charles M. Hoyt's Scientific Sales Management (New Haven, Woolson and Company, 1912; viii, 204 pp.) belies its title. It is in reality but one more of the ever-increasing number of treatises on the art of selling goods. One looks in vain for an explanation and examination of methods of routing and keeping track of salesmen, salesmen's reports etc., of the laying-out and organization of salescampaigns, of branch-house vs. central-office selling plans and of many other points that one might expect from the title to find discussed. One meets rather with a discussion, in a somewhat popular vein, of various phases of the salesman's and salesmanager's work which are familiar to anyone who knows anything at all of selling goods. The best chapters are those on "Hiring Salesmen," "How to Conduct a Trade Promotion Department" and "Standardizing Sales Arguments."

Of an entirely different character is Paul Terry Cherington's Advertising as a Business Force (New York, Doubleday, Page and Company, 1913; viii, 369 pp.), a volume composed chiefly of extracts from Printer's Ink and Advertising and Selling. These extracts are admirably knit together by Mr. Cherington into sixteen chapters dealing with a large variety of problems relating to advertising and selling such as the selection of media, the advertising problems of the retailer, advertising and selling coördination, price maintenance etc. The book is designed to provide a text for individual instruction work for the Associated Advertising Clubs of America. Its chief value lies in

the fact that the various problems considered therein are discussed by men who have actually met and handled them in practical business life. To some chapters there are appended lists of review and problem questions based on the chapter. It seems not too much to say that the volume is one of the best works on the subject of advertising that has thus far appeared.

"Even the best of modern civilizations," remarked Huxley nearly a quarter of a century ago," appears to me to exhibit a condition of mankind which neither embodies any worthy ideal nor even possesses the merit of stability." Today, Huxley's contemporary, Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace, in Social Environment and Moral Progress (New York, Cassell and Company, 1913; 181 pp.) takes an equally disheartening view of society. Wealth, he finds, has been unjustly distributed, unsanitary cities are producing disease and premature death at an astonishing rate, millions of men are struggling in vain for bare necessities, governments do nothing to remedy these conditions, among the middle classes bribery is rampant, capitalists drive wages below the level of subsistence, our system of justice is unjust. "The social environment as a whole in relation to our possibilities and our claims is the worst that the world has ever seen." This condition of affairs Mr. Wallace attributes to our system of universal competition; the remedy he prescribes is universal coöperation. "Inheritance by the State in trust for the whole community" must be substituted for inheritance by the few; monopoly must be replaced by free access to land and to capital for all. Changes of this sort, Mr. Wallace believes, would lessen the death rate of males, give woman greater freedom in mating and thus through sexual selection produce "true" moral progress. Pessimistic in form, the entire essay, perhaps the last word from one of that famous group of evolutionists who surrounded Darwin, is a challenge to radical action.

The Social Direction of Human Evolution, by William E. Kellicott (New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1911; xii, 249 pp.), offers in brief scope an answer to the question, "What is eugenics?" In the first of the three chapters, the author traces the historical development. of the idea of eugenics, defined according to Galton as "the study of the agencies under social control, that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations, either mentally or physically." The second chapter is devoted to showing that eugenics is founded on well established biological principles, which are stated in such a manner as to introduce, in the last chapter, the real theme of the book-human heredity and the eugenic program. The extent to

which the Mendelian formula applies to human heredity is stated with more than usual clearness. A number of pedigree charts show the manner in which various traits are inherited. The chapter closes with a clear statement of what the eugenist hopes to accomplish and the reasons for his hopes. The author believes that much can and ought to be done and that no one who is honestly interested in the welfare of the human race can neglect to coöperate with this movement.

Readers of Life have long enjoyed the delightful contributions to that sparkling journal by Mr. E. S. Martin. Some of Mr. Martin's best essays have been those in the field of woman's suffrage. Some of these have been put together and are now available in book form under the title The Unrest of Women (New York and London, D. Appleton and Company, 1913; 146 pp.). As they now appear the essays constitute an interesting addition to the discussion of the feminist movement. The demand for the vote is regarded by Mr. Martin as only a symptom of the deeper change that is going on in the woman's world. She is revolting all along the line, and her demand for the vote is simply an expression of a broader demand for a readjustment of her entire position. She demands freedom and opportunity for self-expression to the same extent as these are now enjoyed by man. She is of course entitled to that readjustment, Mr. Martin believes, but he is inclined to regard the vote as a detriment rather than an aid in the process. But the reader is referred to the essays themselves. Mr. Martin's contribution is interesting and important, not so much because of what he says as because of the charming and graceful form in which his thought finds expression.

Dr. Peter Roberts's The New Immigration: A Study of the Industrial and Social Life of Southeastern Europeans in America (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1912; xxii, 386 pp.) possesses a unique value by reason of the author's long and intimate acquaintance with the life of Slavic miners in the Pennsylvania coal fields and his wider experience of late years as head of the work of the Young Men's Christian Association among immigrants. It is not well written, and most misleading statements could be culled from it by quoting passages separated from the context. It emphatically needs to be considered as a whole and interpreted in the light of its dominant purpose. Among the outstanding impressions which the book conveys the most striking are, on the one hand, the frequent brutality and indifference of employers and their agents, the too frequent contempt and apathy of the native toward the foreigner, the too widespread tendency of the latter to subsist on a low level, and, on the other hand, the devoted and in

telligent efforts of Americans interested in social and educational work to improve conditions and, finally, the vigorous self-help and the fine spirit among ambitious and thrifty new comers and their children.

It must have been a joy to write the biography of Samuel June Barrows, which appears under the appropriate title of A Sunny Life (Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1913; xi, 323 pp.). In this charmingly written volume his gifted wife, Isabel C. Barrows, has given an intimate view of his private life and an interesting record of his public achievements. The book will not only perpetuate the memory of a man who has made important contributions to the cause of human betterment, but it will also deepen the sympathy for prison reform and stimulate the interest in international arbitration-two fields of social reform in which Mr. Barrows was vitally interested.

The scientific examination of the institutions of society which is at once the cause and the product of our social unrest has produced in the Christian church deep searchings of heart and a radical readjustment of ideals. As an indication of the scope of the process note must be taken of four books each of which though dealing with its own special theme reflects in turn the new spirit abroad in the churches of the land. The first is a study, by C. O. Gill and Gifford Pinchot, of The Country Church (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1913; xii, 222 pp.). The question here raised, is whether or not the country church is fulfilling its mission. By a careful intensive study of certain typical rural counties in New York and in Vermont the authors show that in the territory selected the country church is losing ground in membership and in general effectiveness. The remedies proposed embrace an improvement in country life, a reorganization of country schools, the development of a more effective ministry, closer church coöperation and the adoption of an inspiring program for social service.

The second book to which attention is called is Professor S. G. Smith's Democracy and the Church (New York and London, D. Appleton and Company, 1912; xv, 357 pp.). The volume is a clarion. call to the Christian church to seize its opportunity. It attempts to show not only that "the life and teaching of Jesus has been the creative and uplifting force in the social life of the world for nearly two thousand years," but also that in the same life and teaching lies the hope of the democracy of the future. The realization of this hope depends upon the recognition by the church of its mission in the field of earthly human progress. According to Professor Smith the kingdom of heaven" is not a vague abstraction referring to a happy future in the empyrean, but a definite human ideal applicable to conditions here on

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