[References are to pages.]

Rhodes, United States v., U. S. C. C. 1866, 1 Abb. U. S. 28, Fed.

Richmond, Davenport v., 81 Va. 636.

Riggs, Geofroy v., 133 U. S. 266, 33 L. ed. 642, 10 S. C. 257.

Roberts v. City of Boston, 59 Mass. 198.

46 324

145, 159, 332, 384

Rocca v. Thompson, 223 U. S. 317, 56 L. ed. 445, 32 S. C. 218
Rutland & Burlington R. R. Co., Thorpe v., 27 Vt. 140

S

Sandford, Dred Scott v., 19 How. 393, 426, 15 L. ed. 695
School Committee, McMillan v., 107 N. C. 609, 12 S. E. 330
Schutte, Railroad Companies v., 103 U. S. 143, 26 L. ed. 307.
Sherlock v. Alling, 93 U. S. 99, 103, 23 L. ed. 819
Shoup, Opel v., 100 Ia. 407, 69 N. W. 560

Shy, Baker v., 9 Heisk (Tenn.) 86.

Siemssen v. Bofer, 6 Cal. 250-253

303

285, 415

Silz v. Hestenberg, 211 U. S. 42, 53 L. ed. 74, 29 S. C. 10
Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wall. 36, 21 L. ed. 394
Smith, Olsen v., 195 U. S. 344, 49 L. ed. 224, 25 S. C. 52.
Smith, Railroad Co. v., 181 U. S. 248, 45 L. ed. 847, 21 S. C. 603
South Carolina v. United States, 199 U. S. 447, 50 L. ed. 261, 26

Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S. 166, 31 L. ed. 80, 8 S. C. 21
Standard Oil Co. v. Missouri, 224 U. S. 270, 56 L. ed. 760, 32
S. C. 406.

State Board of Health, Compagnie Française v., 51 La. Ann.
645, 186 U. S. 380, 46 L. ed. 1209, 22 S. C. 811.

State, Bradwell v., 16 Wall. 130, 21 L. ed. 442

State, Dingman v., 51 Ill. 277

State, Martin v., 143 Ind. 545, 42 N. E. 611

State of Maryland, McCulloch v., 4 Wheat. 316, 4 L. ed. 579.

52, 142, 314, 316, 390, 416

State, The, Moore v., 48 Miss. 147.

311

Stone v. Mississippi, 101 U. S. 817, 25 L. ed. 1079
Sullivant, McCormick v., 10 Wheat. 192, 6 L. ed. 300

State v. McCann, 21 Ohio 198

Talton v. Mayse, 163 U. S. 378, 41 L. ed. 196, 16 S. C. 986
Taylor v. Morton, 2 Curtis C. C. 454.

[References are to pages.]:

Texas u White, 7 Wall. 700, 19 L. ed. 227.

297, 415

The Schooner Peggy, United States v., 1 Cranch 103, 2. L. ed. 49 110
Thompson, Rocca v., 223 U. S. 317, 56 L. ed. 445, 32 S. C. 218. 142, 417
Thorpe v. Rutland & Burlington R. R. Co., 27 Vt.. 140..
Thurlow v. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 5 How. 504,

589, 12 L. ed. 256.

Tiburcio Parrot, In re, 6 Sawyer 349..

Tierman, Giozza v., 148 U. S. 662, 37 L. ed. 599, 13 S. C. 721
Town of Greenville, Hooker v., 130 N. C. 472, 42 S. E. 141
Turner v. The American Baptist Union, 5 McLean's C. C. 344

49, 237, 346, 375

Turner v. Williams, 194 U. S. 279, 295, 48 L. ed. 979, 24 S. C. 719.

Twining v. New Jersey, 211 U. S. 118, 53 L. ed. 97, 29

Twitchell v. Commonwealth, 7 Wall. 325, 19. L. ed. 223

U

. 98, 156, 386 S. C. 14

385, 386 388

285, 387

United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S. 542, 23 L. ed. 588.
United States, Fong Yue Ting v., 194 U. S. 698, 37 L. ed. 905,

United States, Fox v., 94 U. S. 315, 24 L. ed. 192.

United States, Gordon v., 117 U. S. 697–705, 29 L. ed. 921
United States, Heff v., 197 U. S. 505, 49 L. ed. 848, 25 S. C. 512 298
United States, Hodges v., 203 U. S. 1, 51 L. ed.. 65, 27 S. C. 6.
United States, Nishimura Ekiu v., 142 U. S. 659, 35 L. ed. 1146,

United States v. Rhodes, Cir. Ct. 1866, 1 Abb. U. S. 28, Fed.
Cases 16151.

United States, South Carolina v., 199 U. S. 447, 448, 50 L. ed. 261, 26 S. C. 110.

United States (The) v. The Schooner Peggy, 1 Cranch 103,

United States v. De Witt, 9 Wall. 19 L. ed. 593

Virginia, Cohens v., 6 Wheat. 264, 5 L. ed. 257
Vrooman, Commonwealth v., 164 Pa. 306, 30 Atl. 217

W

Walker, Jones v., 2 Paine C. C. 688, Fed. Cases 7507
Ward v. Flood, 48 Cal. 36

104

294

54, 173

401

Warren, People v., 13 N. Y. Misc. 614, 34 N. Y. S. 942.
Washburn, Lin Sing v., 20 Cal. 584

Watson v. Donnelly, 28 Barb. (Ark.) 650
Weimer v. Bunbury, 30 Mich. 217.

Wellman, Railway Companies v., 143 U. S. 345, 30 L. ed. 176,
12 S. C. 400.

West Virginia, Graham v., 224 U. S. 616, 56 L. ed. 917, 32 S. C. 583.

168

194

193

386

297, 415

170

154

98, 156, 386

170

193

52

294, 296

168

401

White, Texas v., 7 Wall. 700, 19 L. ed. 227
Wilcke v. Wilcke, 102 Ia. 173, 71 N. W. 201
Williams, Gonzales v., 192 U. S. 1, 48 L. ed. 317, 24 S. C. 171
Williams, Turner v., 194 U. S. 279, 48 L. ed. 979, 24 S. C. 719

Woodward, Dartmouth College v., 4 Wheat. 518, 629, 4 L. ed.

Wright, Jackson v., 4 Johnson 77

Wysinger v. Crookshank, 82 Cal. 588, 23 Pac. 54.

UNIV. OF

LIMITATIONS ON THE
TREATY-MAKING POWER

INTRODUCTION

§ 1. The object of these pages is to discuss the treatymaking power under the Constitution of the United States, and define its limitations. The broader question of the scope of treaties, their construction and binding effect, is a question of international law into which the author does not propose to intrude; this field has been so amply and ably filled that it would be useless to add to it, even did it come within the limits of a treatise of this character.

My object is to present in a simple and concrete form, in the discussion in these pages, not the general power of making treaties as applied to nations, nor what ought to be the full scope of such power in the United States, but what, under the Constitution of the United States, is the power of the United States to make and ratify binding treaties.

The past fifty years has witnessed a phenomenal growth of these United States, that is alike the surprise and wonder of the world, in material development, in the arts and sciences, in statecraft, and all sociological problems. The position of the United States to-day is second to no nation in the world. The elements of power, as seen in every field of development,