soon prepared, signed, and ratified, Charleston was surrendered on the 12th, six days after the third parallel was finished.*

* CHARLESTON, May 11, 1780.

SIR: The same motives of humanity which inclined you to propose articles of capitulation to this garrison, induced me to offer those I had the honor of sending you on the 8th instant. They then appeared to me such as I might proffer, and you receive with honor to both parties. Your exceptions to them, as they principally concerned the militia and citizens, I then conceived were such as could not be concurred with; but a recent application from those people, wherein they express a willingness to comply with them, and a wish on my part to lessen, as much as may be, the distresses of war to individuals, lead me now to offer you my acceptance of them.

I have the honor to be, &c.,
B. LINCOLN.

CAMP BEFORE CHARLESTON, May 11, 1780. SIR: When you rejected the favorable terms which were dictated by an earnest desire to prevent the effusion of blood, and interposed articles that were wholly inadmissible, both the admiral and myself were of opinion, that the surrender of the town at discretion was the only condition that should afterward be attended to; but as the motives which then induced them are still prevalent, I now inform you that the terms then offered will still be granted.

A copy of the articles shall be sent for your ratification as soon as they can be prepared; and immediately after they are exchanged, a detachment of grenadiers will be sent to take possession of the horn work opposite your main gate. Every arrangement which may conduce to good order in occupying the town, shall be settled before noon to-morrow; and at that time your garrison will march out. I have the honor to be, &c.,

Major-General LINCOLN.

H. CLINTON.

ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION BETWEEN THEIR EXCELLENCIES SIR HENRY CLINTON, MARIOT ARBUTHNOT, Esq., AND MAJOR-GENERAL BENJAMIN LINCOLN. ART. 1ST.-That all acts of hostility and work shall cease between the besiegers and the besieged, until the articles of capitulation shall be agreed on, signed, and executed, or collectively rejected.

Answer.-All acts of hostility and work shall cease, until the articles of capitulation are finally agreed to or rejected.

ART. 2D.-The town and fortifications shall be surrendered to the commanderin-chief of the British forces, such as they now stand.

Answer. The town and fortifications, with the shipping at the wharves, artillery, and all other public stores whatsoever, shall be surrendered in their present state to the commanders of the investing forces; proper officers shall attend from the respective departments to receive them.

ART. 3D.-The Continental troops and sailors, with their baggage, shall be conducted to a place to be agreed on, where they shall remain prisoners of war until exchanged. While prisoners, they shall be supplied with good and wholesome provisions in such quantity as is served out to the troops of his Britannic majesty.

Answer.-Granted.

ART. 4TH.-The militia now in garrison shall be permitted to return to their respective homes, and be secured in their persons and property.

Answer. The militia now in garrison shall be permitted to return to their

The adverse generals, in their official dispatches, speak in very approving terms of the zeal and gallantry with which they were

respective homes as prisoners on parole; which parole, as long as they observe, shall secure them from being molested in their property by the British troops. ART. 5TH.-The sick and wounded shall be continued under the care of their own surgeons, and be supplied with medicine and such necessaries as are allowed to the British hospitals.

Answer.-Granted.

ART. 6TH.-The officers of the army and navy shall keep their horses, swords, pistols, and baggage, which shall not be searched, and retain their servants.

Answer. Granted, except with respect to the horses, which will not be allowed to go out of the town; but may be disposed of by a person left from each corps for that purpose.

ART. 7TH.--The garrison shall at an hour appointed, march out with shouldered arms, drums beating, and colors flying, to a place to be agreed on, where they will pile their arms.

Answer. The whole garrison shall, at an hour to be appointed, march out of the town to the ground between the works of the place and the canal, where they will deposit their arms. The drums are not to beat a British march, or colors to be uncased.

ART. 8TH.-That the French consul, his house, papers, and other movable property shall be protected and untouched, and a proper time granted to him for retiring to any place that may afterward be agreed upon between him and the commander-in-chief of the British forces.

Answer.-Agreed, with this restriction, that he is to consider himself as a prisoner on parole.

ART. 9TH.-That the citizens shall be protected in their persons and properties. Answer. All civil officers, and the citizens who have borne arms during the siege, must be prisoners on parole; and with respect to their property in the city, shall have the same terms as are granted to the militia: and all other persons now in the town, not to be described in this or other article, are, notwithstanding, understood to be prisoners on parole.

ART. 10TH.-That a twelvemonth's time be allowed all such as do not choose to continue under the British government to dispose of their effects real and personal in the State, without any molestation whatever; or to remove such parts thereof as they choose, as well as themselves and families; and that during that time, they or any of them may have it at their option to reside occasionally in town or country.

Answer. The discussion of this article of course cannot possibly be entered into at present.

ART. 11TH.-That the same protection to their persons and properties, and the same time for the removal of their effects, be given to the subjects of France and Spain, as are required for the citizens in the preceding article.

Answer. The subjects of France and Spain shall have the same terms as are granted to the French consul.

ART. 12TH.-That a vessel be permitted to go to Philadelphia with the general's dispatches, which are not to be opened.

Answer. Granted; and a proper vessel with a flag will be provided for that purpose.

All public papers and records must be carefully preserved and faithfully delivered to such persons as shall be appointed to receive them.

B. LINCOLN.

H. CLINTON,

M. ARBUTHNOT.

respectively supported. The loss was by no means correspondent to the length and obstinacy of the conflict, because of the safe and judicious system adopted by the besieger in his advances, and from the inadequacy of the garrison, which induced the besieged to husband with care his force, in the hope that some propitious event might occur on the part of our ally, and force Sir Henry Clinton to change his plan of operations, as had taken place with Lincoln himself before Savannah; and relying also upon the reiterated assurance of ample support from Congress and the governments of North and South Carolina.

The enemy lost seventy killed, and one hundred and eighty-nine wounded our loss, including militia and inhabitants, amounted to one hundred and two killed, and one hundred and fifty-seven wounded. Among the former was Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Parker, of the first Virginia regiment. He was one of that illustrious band of youths who first flew to their country's standard when she was driven to unsheath the sword. Stout and intelligent, brave and enterprising, he had been advanced from the command of a company in the course of the war to the command of a regiment. Always beloved and respected, late in the siege he received a ball in the forehead, and fell dead in the trenches, embalmed in the tears of his faithful soldiers, and honored by the regret of the whole army.

The British official statement gave a total of prisoners exceeding five thousand, including, no doubt, all the inhabitants capable of bearing arms, it being certain that Lincoln's Continental force did. not reach two thousand, exclusive of officers, when he surrendered. His effective militia, by his official return, amounted at the same time to five hundred men. In addition we lost, by the British account, one thousand seamen, American and French, with four hundred pieces of ordnance, abundant magazines of military and naval stores, and all the shipping in the harbor.* The loss of men,

* Return of the ships and vessels taken and destroyed in the siege of Charleston. The Bricole, pierced for sixty, mounting forty-four guns, twenty-four and eighteen pounders, her captain, officers, and company, prisoners. Queen of France, twenty-eight nine-pounders, sunk, her captain and company prisoners. Notre Dame, brig, sixteen guns, sunk, captain and company prisoners. Providence, thirty-two eighteen and twelve pounders, taken, captain and company prisoners.-Ranger, twenty six-pounders, taken, crew prisoners.

French ships.-L'Aventure, twenty-six nine and six pounders, captain and crew prisoners. Polacre, sixteen six-pounders, captain and crew prisoners. Some empty brigs, and other smaller vessels, lying at the wharves, taken, with four row-galleys.

stores, &c., though somewhat exaggerated, was a severe blow upon the United States, and excited very gloomy sensations throughout America. The error of risking a country to save a town which only can be retained by the reduction of the country, was now perceived with all its pernicious consequences.

Nevertheless, so well established was the spotless reputation of the vanquished general that he continued to enjoy the undiminished respect and confidence of Congress, of the army, and of

the commander-in-chief.

During the winter the king of Spain had been accepted as mediator by the king of England and his most Christian majesty, with the ostensible and laudable view of putting a stop to the ravages and waste of war.

The negotiations terminated unsuccessfully; and the mediating power united with France in the contest. Timely communication of the resolution of the Spanish court was sent to Don Galvez, the governor of New Orleans. Availing himself of the information, he collected a military force, and falling upon the unprepared British settlements on the Mississippi, annexed them to the government of Spain. Soon after his return to New Orleans, Don Galvez made arrangements for the reduction of West Florida. In the month of January he embarked two thousand men on board of transports under convoy of a small squadron, and sailed for the bay of Mobile. Unluckily he encountered a storm in his voyage, and suffered severely. Several of the vessels foundered; many of the troops perished; and most of his stores were lost. With the remainder he at length entered the bay of Mobile. Here he established himself, and waited for a supply of men and stores from New Orleans. These having reached him, he stood up the bay, and on the 25th of February landed in the vicinity of the town of Mobile, where the English had erected a stockade fort, then garrisoned by one company of regulars. Don Galvez pursuing the cautious system exemplified by Sir Henry Clinton before Charleston, beset this little stockade with regular approaches, laboring at them incessantly until the middle of March, when opening a battery of heavy cannon he demolished it in twelve hours. The garrison surrendered by capitulation. Had the dilatoriness of the Spanish operations consumed a few days more, Don Galvez would have been compelled to relinquish his enterprise, as General Campbell, pressing forward by forced marches with a body of troops from St. Augustine, approached the neighborhood of Mobile soon after it surrendered.

This incursion gratified the feelings of the defenders of the Southern States, as it cherished the expectation that the invasion of the two Floridas already begun, would be prosecuted, and consequently would employ some of the enemy's troops, thus diminishing the force against which they had to contend.

CHAPTER XVI.

Proclamation of Sir H. Clinton.-Augusta, Ninety-Six, and Camden taken possession of, fortified, and garrisoned by Col. Brown.—Col. Balfour and Cornwallis.-Retreat of Col. Buford.-Loyalists under Moore, dispersed by Col. Locke.-Sir H. Clinton embarks for New York.-Cornwallis left in command.-Major McArthur advanced to Cheraw Hill.-Cornwallis returns to Charleston, leaving Lord Rawdon in command of the army.-Major Davie surprises a British convoy near Hanging Rock. WE have seen that, for the two years subsequent to the conclusion of our treaty with France, in pursuance of the plan adopted by Louis XVI., a French fleet had annually visited our coast. Although heretofore disappointed in the expected benefits of extending naval co-operation to our army, it could not be doubted, but that the same wise course would be pursued this summer, especially as now the fleet of Spain was added to that of France. Sir Henry Clinton, aware of this probable event, hastened the completion of his measures for the security of his conquests. Solicitous to avoid that interruption to his return to New York, which delay might interpose, he wisely determined to pursue in his arrangements the dictates of clemency and of justice, the only possible way to secure the submission of freemen. In this spirit he published a manifesto calling to the recollection of the inhabitants, his avoidance heretofore of urging their interference in the contest, because he was unwilling to involve them in hazard so long as the issue was in suspense. That the state of things being completely changed, not only by the surrender of Charleston, but by the destruction or capture of the various armed corps in the country, it was time that the friends of peace and of the royal government should boldly come forth and contribute by their assistance to the restoration of order and tranquillity. He proposed that the militia with families should arm for the security of the province, while the youth should embody to serve six months with the army, enjoying the privilege of acting only in the Carolinas and Georgia, assuring to them the same treatment and compensation as was allowed to the regulars, and permitting them to elect their own officers, with an immunity from all further military duty after the expiration of six months, excepting