CHAPTER III. FORMS OF LOGICAL ELEMENTS, (CON.) SEC. I.-DIVISION INTO ORDERS. 145. We have seen that all logical elements may be divided into three general classes, (61.) Now each of these classes may be, 1. 2. 3. SIMPLE. COMPOUND. 146. A SIMPLE ELEMENT consists of a single word-form, phrase-form, or clause-form, unmodified; as, WORD-FORM,-"Wisdom." "Good." "Study." PHRASE-FORM,— "Of wisdom." "By goodness." "To study." CLAUSE-FORM," If he came." "That they study.” “When I saw." 147. A COMPLEX ELEMENT consists of a single word-form, phrase-form, or clause-form, and some modifying term logically combined with the same; as, WORD-FORM,-"Much wisdom." "Very good." "Studies well." PHRASE-FORM,-" Of much wisdom." "By great goodness." "To study well." "By studying books." CLAUSE-FORM, "That you have overcome envy with glory, which is very difficult." "That the planets are inhabited, a mere theory." Since he is wise, which none doubt." 148. NOTE. A clause-form is complex only when the entire clause is modified. This is the case only when the subordinate is an appositive, or a relative clause introduced by what or which. The subject, or the predicate, therefore, of a clause-form, may be modified by another clause, and the clause-form itself be simple; as, "He who is honest, will succeed." (S. C-f). "He will succeed, if he is honest. (S. C-f). But," That he will succeed, which some suspect." (Cx. C-f.) 149. A compound element consists of two or more simple, or complex elements, joined by a coördinate connective; as, WORD-FORM,-"Wisdom and goodness," "Great, good and wise." PHRASE-FORM,-" Of wisdom and of goodness," "With great power and with great ability." CLAUSE-FORM,-"That the earth is round and that it re volves." 150. Thus logical elements may take three different forms, called CLASSES; and each of these three different classes may take three different kinds of modifications, called ORDERS. Hence, we have in all, nine elementary constructions for the elements of thought; viz: 1. The SIMPLE, COMPLEX and COMPOUND Word-form. 2. The SIMPLE, COMPLEX and COMPOUND PHRASE-FORM. 3. The SIMPLE, COMPLEX and COMPOUND CLAUSE-FORM. Any one of these three forms may be, likewise, both COMPLEX and COMPOUND. 151. REMARK. The following abbreviations may be used for these several forms, viz: s. Simple, cx.-Complex, CD.-Compound, cx. & CD.-Complex and compound, s. w-f-Simple word-form, cx. w-f.-Complex word-form, CD. w-f-Compound wordform, &c. B-Base, EL.-Element, SUB.-Substantive, PRED. Predicative, ATT.Attributive, DEM.-Demonstrative, INF.-Infinitive, PART. Participial, REL.-Relative, CONJ.-Conjunctive, ADJUNC.-Adjunctive, POSS.-Possessive, SUBT.-Subordinate, CDT.-Co-ordinate. EXERCISE 14.-Analyze according to the illustration. 66 66 ILLUSTRATION. Good."-An El. of the S. W-f. "Great goodness,” -An El. of the Cx. W-f. Of great goodness."-An El of the Cx. P-f. "Of wisdom and power,”—An El. of the Cd. P-f. "(Thinks) them to be wise," An El. of the S. Inf. C-f. "If he is not,"-An El. of the S. Conj. C-f. (Spoke) of his coming,”—An El. of the S. Adjunc., Part. C-f. "(Said) that he would come and that I must stay,"-An El. of the Cd. Dem. C-f. 66 1. Wise. 2. Very wise. 3. Wise and good. 4. Very wise and very good. 5. Of wisdom. 6. Of wisdom and goodness. 7. Of great wisdom and of much goodness. 8. If he is wise. 9. If he is wise, which I believe. 10. If he is wise, and if you are good. 11. If he is wise, which I believe, and if you are good, which some doubt. 12. That he should come. 13. That the earth revolves, a mystery. (148) 14. That planets move, and that stars are fixed. 15. Until he came. 16. His coming. 17. Though he should go, and though we should remain. 18. From among the people. 19. (Thinks) that he may learn. 20. (A thought) that he may learn. 21. (Studies) that he may learn. 21. That he may learn, an easy matter. |