hour. 11. A short session. continually. 14. Will live forever. 15. Meets semi-annually. 16. A vertical line. 17. A seaward movement. 18. Continued many weeks. 19. Starved to death. 20. Wheat ground to fine meal. 21. Struck at your brother (485). 22. Struck a bargain. 12. A ten-year war. 13. Flows Analyze, defining the Objective, Adjective, Local and Temporal Elements, and parse. 23. When the signal was given, the soldiers made a charge against the enemy. 24. At sunrise we commenced our journey to the city. 25. The pilgrims, after living eight years at Leyden, whither they went before they were driven from England, formed the design of emigrating to this country. 26. Ships cross the Atlantic from America to Europe every week. 27. Newspapers are published daily in most of the cities of the United States. 28. "When clouds are seen, wise men put on their cloaks; When the sun sets, who doth not look for night?"-Shak. To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve CHAPTER V. THE CAUSAL MODIFIER. SEC. I.-DIVISIONS OF THIS ELEMENT. 568. The Causal Modifier limits the predicate by expressing some matter or circumstance which either directly or indirectly, wholly or in part gave rise to the same; as, "Slept because he was weary.” "Went to see the city." 569. It may be divided according to the different kinds of conception which it may express, into, 1. Efficient Cause. 2. Constituent Cause. 4 Conceived Cause. 570. Efficient Cause may be divided into, 571. 1. Origin and Source. 2. Author and Agent. Motive Cause may be divided into, 1. Purpose and Object. 2. Antecedent Cause and Occasion. 572. Constituent Cause may be divided into, 1. Material and Constituency. 2. Supply. 573. Conceived Cause may be divided into, 1. Condition. 2. Concession. SEC. II.-EFFICIENT CAUSE-ORIGIN AND SOURCE. 574. Origin and Source expresses that whence anything proceeds, springs, or arises, as its formative element; as, "Flowers grow from seeds." "Decended from noble ancestry." 575. It may refer to things immaterial; as, "Poverty comes from sloth. "I extract a sweet From all my bitter woes."-Cowper. 576. The word-form is usually an adverb; as, " Men are naturally selfish." 577. In the phrase-form the relation-word from is the most common. Of, in and by, and some other relation-words are occasionally used; as, doth profit in the powers of the understanding." "We are all sinful by na ture.' 578. The clause-form is either a Part. or a Rel. as, "Springs from whatever will give it sustenance." intemperate.' Age Indef. (Adjunc.) clause; "This came from being "The rays 579. Adjective elements often indicate Origin and Source; as, of the sun. The fragrance of the flowers." The taste of honey." light." 580. Star The above expressions must not be confounded with the element of Connection (540) The Causal force is always prominent in the former. Note the difference between "The fragrance of the rose,' and "The color of the rose." |