induced the action or state indicated by the predicate; as, "We should eat to live and not live to eat." "He is ambitious to rise."

589. The word-form is n-uaily conjunctive (67,5) and commonly an appositive substantive term; as, "They took these men as guides." (i. e. to guide them). So "We went as companions" (i. e. to accompany). "He was seut as commander." (i. e. to take command). The infinitive word-form is very common; as, "Went to sea." "Studies to learn."

590. When the infinitive word-form is thus used, the relative, in a modifying relative phrase-form is often omitted (77); as. "Built a house to live in." (in which to live). Made tools to work with." (with which to work). Has a knife to cut with." (with which to cut).

591. In the phrase form for is most common; as, They fought for glory." In, on, about, after, and some other relation-words are sometimes used. "These fought in self-defence." "Lend money on interest." Quarrel about something." (i. e. to get something). "Hunger and thirst after righteousness." "Go a hunting."

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592. The phrase-form is sometimes the base of an appositive adjective element of Designation (535). Such are the following: With a view to get the throne." 66 With a design to surprise the enemy." "For the purpose of sceing the city." To the end that they might believe." These expressions are complex adverbial elements of purpose, of which the italicized words are the bases, and the remainder in each case, appositive adjective elements of Designation.

593. The clause-form is almost always conjunctive, and generally introduced by the connectives that," and "in order that," and when negative by "lest." (=that not). The potential or the subjunctive mood may be used; as, He held him that he might not stir" (potential). Hold him that he stir not" (subjunctive).

594. This element sometimes resembles the Object of Interest; as, "Works for money." "Works for me." The difference however is clear on reflection. "Works for money" means "to get money," which is manifestly purpose. "Works for me has no idea of Purpose.

595. Adjective Elements frequently express Purpose and Object; as, "A fire engine, (i. e. to extinguish fire). "A passenger car," (i. e. to carry passengers). Preparation for departure." "Machines for mowing." "Determination to excel."

EXERCISE 72.-Analyze and define the Elements.

1. Studies to learn. 2. Begins to learn. 3. Wishes to learn. 4. Went a fishing. 5. Plans for building. 6. Comes as commander. 7. Am ready to proceed. 8. A sewing machine. 9. Sold for ten dollars. 10. Contends for the throne. 11. Fights for his country. 12. Labors for a livelihood. 13. Works for me. 14. Built a house to live in. 15. Bought a knife to cut with. 16. Lived many years. 17. Walked seve

ral miles. 18. Sprung from good blood. 19. Known and read of all men. 20. Took a severe cold (497).

Analyze, defining the Elements, and parse.

21. Youth is the season for improvement. 22. Close not your lips at night till you have opened them in prayer. 23. Men blame themselves only for the purpose of being praised. 24. "Give alms that thy childreu may not ask them," says a Danish proverb 25. "It was said of Socrates that he brought philosophy down from Heaven to inhabit among men."-Addison,

26. Now, for the base-picked love of majesty
Doth dogged war bristle his angry breast

27.

And snarleth in the gentle eyes of peace "-Shak.

"But you. O you

So perfect and so peerless are created

Of every creatures best "-Shak.

28. Since thou hast far to go, bear not along

The clogging burden of a guilty soul."-Shak. Rich. 11.

29. "Another explanation is that Ephrahah may have been the name given to some daughter of Benjamin, to commemorate the circumstance of Rachel his mother having died close to Ephnah." 30. In Arabia they cover up their wells of water lest the sand which is put in motion (497) by the winds should fill them up" (282).-Chardin. 31. Laban went to shear his sheep and Rachel had stolen the images that were her father's. 79 last remark.)

SEC. V. ANTECEDENT CAUSE AND OCCASION.

596 This modifier expresses some matter or circumstance which is represented as the physical or moral antecedent to the action or state expressed by the predicate; as, "Weakened by disease.

597. It may be easily distinguished from either of the preceding Causal Elements. Origin and ource furnish the original constituents out of which something is produced; cause, on the contrary, simply produces an effect, without contributing any of its own substance or strength to the existence or growth of the same. Thus, " Fragrance comes from the rose." Here we have Origin and Source, for fragrance is composed of particles thrown off from the rose. "Weariness comes from hard labor." Here we have simple Cause, for " 'hard labor" is merely the physical antecedent to the "weari

ness."

598. Again, Author and Agent are, either absolutely or for the moment, regarded as self-acting powers, while Cause is in some sense a passive force; as, "Killed by a beast." (Agent.) Killed by indigestion." (Cause.)

599. Again, Purpose and Object regard something for the present only