SEC. X.-CONDITION CONTRARY TO FACT. 634. This condition makes a supposition contrary to the fact, which latter is clearly indicated by the form of expression; as, "If my friend were present.' "If you had been there." "If they had arrived in season." 635. It may be expressed by a word-form; as, "They fi d, otherwise they would have been captured," (if they had not). The following conjunctive phrase expresses this kind of condition. "I should have perished but for you," (had I not had your aid). 635. The clause-form sometimes has no connective word. 66 friend present." Could you have seen him.". "Were my 637. The main proposition, when modified by a Condition Contrary to Fact, expresses merely a conception of what would be, or would have been, had the supposition indicated by the condition been the fact. Thus it may express that which is, 1. Contrary to the existing fact; as, "Had we had one thousand men we should have conquered, (which we did not do). 2. Contrary to an anticipated fact; as, "Were one thousand more present now we should conquer," (which we shall probably not do). 3. A simple conceived consequence; as, "Were one thousand more men present, they would help us much," (as a consequence of their presence). 638. In this Condition, the verb is in the indicative mood, and the imperfect or pluperfect tense. This kind of condition can be easily detected by adding the expression, which is not the fact," and noting whether the truth in a given case will permit this addition. EXERCISE 77.-Analyze, defining the Elements, and parse. 1. If it had rained I should have remained at home. 2. If my friends were now present I should be happy. 3. If you had been there you would have rejoiced at the sight. 4. If all knowledge were wisdom the world would be bright with light (596). 5 "If my skin were parchment, and the blows you gave were ink, Your own hand writing would tell you for certain what I think."-Shak. 6. 7. Some seek diversion in the tented field, And make the sorrows of mankind their sport (100), But war's a game, which, were their subjects wise (72, 635), "Falstaff sweats to death And lards the lean earth as he walks along. Were 't not for laughing I should pity him."-Shak. Henry IV. 8. "Know nature's children shall divide her care; The fur that warms a monarch warmed a bear."-Pope. SEC. XI-CONDITION OF UNCERTAINTY OF KNOWLEDGE. 639. In this Condition the fact exists, but we cannot judge from the language what it is; as, “If the ship has arrived we shall have news." 640. This Condition refers to present or past time. It has its verb in the indicative or potential mood and in the present or perfect tense. When we have this kind of condition we may ald "which is or is not the fact," and preserve the sense; as, If my friend has arrived" (which either is or is Rot the fact). But "If my friend had arrived," will not permit this addition, for this is Condition Contrary to fact. EXERCISE 78.-Analyze, defining the Elements, and parse. 1. If my friend is alive, he will soon be here. 2. If my friend were alive he would now be here. 3. If he went to ride he took his children with him (639). 4. If the steamer has arrived, we shall soon get the news. 5. He asked if I knew the man. 6. Father Cardinal, I have heard you say That we shall see and know our friends in heaven; If that be true I shall see my boy again"-Shak King John, 7. "If he could burn us all into one coal We had deserved it.”—Shak. Coriolanus. 8. "I had not lived till now, could sorrow kill" (636).—Byron. 9. "Had I but served my God with half the zeal I served my king, he would not in mine age Have left me naked to mine enemies."-Shak. Henry VIII. SEC. XII-CONDITION OF UNCERTAINTY OF FACT. 641. In this Condition there is no fact. It merely expresses a conception of what may or may not become a fact; as, "If it rain to-morrow." "If the news prove true." 643. This kind of Condition may be expressed by a phrase-form; as, "With a fair wind we shall soon reach the port," (=if the wind be fair). 643. It always refers to future time and should always have its verb in the Subjunctive mood, or in the future of the Indicative. We may always say in connection with it, to test it; "which is all in the future; " as, "If he ever return (which, &c.) "If they arrive in season." EXERCISE 79.-Define the different kinds of Conditional Clauses. 1. If my friend has come. 2. If my friend had come. 3. |